1
00:00:00,117 --> 00:00:03,769
So this is Anna Hazare,

2
00:00:03,769 --> 00:00:07,677
and Anna Hazare may well be
the most cutting-edge

3
00:00:07,677 --> 00:00:10,914
digital activist in the world today.

4
00:00:10,914 --> 00:00:12,452
And you wouldn't know it by looking at him.

5
00:00:12,452 --> 00:00:18,099
Hazare is a 77-year-old Indian 
anticorruption and social justice activist.

6
00:00:18,099 --> 00:00:21,690
And in 2011, he was running a big campaign

7
00:00:21,690 --> 00:00:24,650
to address everyday corruption in India,

8
00:00:24,650 --> 00:00:27,521
a topic that Indian elites love to ignore.

9
00:00:27,521 --> 00:00:29,103
So as part of this campaign,

10
00:00:29,103 --> 00:00:31,025
he was using all of the traditional tactics

11
00:00:31,025 --> 00:00:33,241
that a good Gandhian organizer would use.

12
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So he was on a hunger strike,

13
00:00:35,297 --> 00:00:37,822
and Hazare realized through his hunger

14
00:00:37,822 --> 00:00:39,599
that actually maybe this time,

15
00:00:39,599 --> 00:00:41,345
in the 21st century,

16
00:00:41,345 --> 00:00:42,834
a hunger strike wouldn't be enough.

17
00:00:42,834 --> 00:00:47,126
So he started playing around 
with mobile activism.

18
00:00:47,126 --> 00:00:49,013
So the first thing he did 
is he said to people,

19
00:00:49,013 --> 00:00:51,084
"Okay, why don't you send me

20
00:00:51,084 --> 00:00:52,845
a text message if you support

21
00:00:52,845 --> 00:00:54,585
my campaign against corruption?"

22
00:00:54,585 --> 00:00:56,854
So he does this, he 
gives people a short code,

23
00:00:56,854 --> 00:00:59,470
and about 80,000 people do it.

24
00:00:59,470 --> 00:01:01,438
Okay, that's pretty respectable.

25
00:01:01,438 --> 00:01:02,375
But then he decides,

26
00:01:02,375 --> 00:01:04,495
"Let me tweak my tactics a little bit."

27
00:01:04,495 --> 00:01:08,970
He says, "Why don't you leave
me a missed call?"

28
00:01:08,970 --> 00:01:12,039
Now, for those of you who have
lived in the global South,

29
00:01:12,039 --> 00:01:13,531
you'll know that missed calls

30
00:01:13,531 --> 00:01:17,374
are a really critical part
of global mobile culture.

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00:01:17,374 --> 00:01:18,488
I see people nodding.

32
00:01:18,488 --> 00:01:20,596
People leave missed calls all the time:

33
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If you're running late for a meeting

34
00:01:22,542 --> 00:01:24,848
and you just want to let them
know that you're on the way,

35
00:01:24,848 --> 00:01:26,571
you leave them a missed call.

36
00:01:26,571 --> 00:01:28,497
If you're dating someone and 
you just want to say "I miss you"

37
00:01:28,497 --> 00:01:29,883
you leave them a missed call.

38
00:01:29,883 --> 00:01:32,427
So a note for a dating tip here,

39
00:01:32,427 --> 00:01:33,552
in some cultures,

40
00:01:33,552 --> 00:01:34,834
if you want to please your lover,

41
00:01:34,834 --> 00:01:39,335
you call them and hang up.
(Laughter)

42
00:01:39,335 --> 00:01:42,690
So why do people leave missed calls?

43
00:01:42,690 --> 00:01:44,140
Well, the reason of course is that

44
00:01:44,140 --> 00:01:46,898
they're trying to avoid charges

45
00:01:46,898 --> 00:01:50,264
associated with making calls
and sending texts.

46
00:01:50,264 --> 00:01:54,320
So when Hazare asked people 
to leave him a missed call,

47
00:01:54,320 --> 00:01:59,997
let's have a little guess how 
many people actually did this?

48
00:01:59,997 --> 00:02:03,415
Thirty-five million.

49
00:02:03,415 --> 00:02:07,458
So this is one of the largest coordinated
actions in human history.

50
00:02:07,458 --> 00:02:09,212
It's remarkable.

51
00:02:09,212 --> 00:02:13,712
And this reflects the extraordinary strength 
of the emerging Indian middle class

52
00:02:13,712 --> 00:02:16,684
and the power that their
mobile phones bring.

53
00:02:16,684 --> 00:02:18,269
But he used that,

54
00:02:18,269 --> 00:02:22,488
Hazare ended up with this massive 
CSV file of mobile phone numbers,

55
00:02:22,488 --> 00:02:24,273
and he used that to deploy

56
00:02:24,273 --> 00:02:26,269
real people power on the ground

57
00:02:26,269 --> 00:02:29,683
to get hundreds of thousands of
people out on the streets in Delhi

58
00:02:29,683 --> 00:02:34,033
to make a national point of 
everyday corruption in India.

59
00:02:34,033 --> 00:02:36,470
It's a really striking story.

60
00:02:36,470 --> 00:02:38,680
So this is me when I was 12 years old.

61
00:02:38,680 --> 00:02:40,392
I hope you see the resemblance.

62
00:02:40,392 --> 00:02:42,317
And I was also an activist,

63
00:02:42,317 --> 00:02:44,557
and I have been an activist all my life.

64
00:02:44,557 --> 00:02:45,887
I had this really funny childhood

65
00:02:45,887 --> 00:02:47,910
where I traipsed around the world

66
00:02:47,910 --> 00:02:50,704
meeting world leaders and 
Noble prize winners,

67
00:02:50,704 --> 00:02:52,990
talking about Third World debt,

68
00:02:52,990 --> 00:02:54,279
as it was then called,

69
00:02:54,279 --> 00:02:55,813
and demilitarization.

70
00:02:55,813 --> 00:03:00,045
I was a very, very serious child.
(Laughter)

71
00:03:00,045 --> 00:03:01,950
And back then,

72
00:03:01,950 --> 00:03:03,384
in the early '90s,

73
00:03:03,384 --> 00:03:07,214
I had a very cutting-edge
tech tool of my own:

74
00:03:07,214 --> 00:03:09,466
the fax.

75
00:03:09,466 --> 00:03:11,644
And the fax was the 
tool of my activism.

76
00:03:11,644 --> 00:03:13,202
And at that time, it was the best way

77
00:03:13,202 --> 00:03:15,097
to get a message to a lot of people

78
00:03:15,097 --> 00:03:17,535
all at once.

79
00:03:17,535 --> 00:03:19,981
I'll give you one example of a fax
campaign that I ran.

80
00:03:19,981 --> 00:03:22,077
It was the eve of the Gulf War

81
00:03:22,077 --> 00:03:25,628
and I organized a global campaign 
to flood the hotel,

82
00:03:25,628 --> 00:03:27,109
the Intercontinental in Geneva,

83
00:03:27,109 --> 00:03:28,664
where James Baker and Tariq Aziz

84
00:03:28,664 --> 00:03:30,588
were meeting on the eve of the war,

85
00:03:30,588 --> 00:03:32,972
and I thought if I could 
flood them with faxes,

86
00:03:32,972 --> 00:03:34,050
we'll stop the war.

87
00:03:34,050 --> 00:03:36,243
Well, unsurprisingly,

88
00:03:36,243 --> 00:03:39,834
that campaign was wholly unsuccessful.

89
00:03:39,834 --> 00:03:41,488
There are lots of reasons for that,

90
00:03:41,488 --> 00:03:43,973
but there's no doubt that 
one sputtering fax machine

91
00:03:43,973 --> 00:03:47,300
in Geneva was a little bit
of a bandwidth constraint

92
00:03:47,300 --> 00:03:50,142
in terms of the ability to 
get a message to lots of people.

93
00:03:50,142 --> 00:03:54,172
And so, I went on to 
discover some better tools.

94
00:03:54,172 --> 00:03:56,814
I cofounded Avaaz, which uses the 
Internet to mobilize people

95
00:03:56,814 --> 00:03:59,412
and now has almost 
40 million members,

96
00:03:59,412 --> 00:04:01,972
and I now run Purpose, which 
is a home for these kinds of

97
00:04:01,972 --> 00:04:04,268
technology-powered movements.

98
00:04:04,268 --> 00:04:06,088
So what's the moral of this story?

99
00:04:06,088 --> 00:04:07,596
Is the moral of this story,


100
00:04:07,596 --> 00:04:12,705
you know what, the fax is kind of
eclipsed by the mobile phone?

101
00:04:12,705 --> 00:04:14,935
This is another story of 
tech-determinism?

102
00:04:14,935 --> 00:04:18,125
Well, I would argue that there's 
actually more to it than that.

103
00:04:18,125 --> 00:04:20,798
I'd argue that in the last 20 years,

104
00:04:20,798 --> 00:04:23,036
something more fundamental has changed


105
00:04:23,036 --> 00:04:24,741
than just new tech.

106
00:04:24,741 --> 00:04:27,561
I would argue that there has
been a fundamental shift

107
00:04:27,561 --> 00:04:29,709
in the balance of power

108
00:04:29,709 --> 00:04:31,228
in the world.

109
00:04:31,228 --> 00:04:33,145
You ask any activist how 
to understand the world,

110
00:04:33,145 --> 00:04:35,619
and they'll say,
"Look at where the power is,

111
00:04:35,619 --> 00:04:38,077
who has it, how it's shifting."

112
00:04:38,077 --> 00:04:41,079
And I think we all sense that 
something big is happening.

113
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So Henry Timms and I —

114
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Henry's a fellow movement builder —

115
00:04:45,371 --> 00:04:47,273
got talking one day and 
we started to think,

116
00:04:47,273 --> 00:04:49,274
how can we make sense of this new world?

117
00:04:49,274 --> 00:04:50,463
How can we describe it and give

118
00:04:50,463 --> 00:04:52,906
it a framework that makes it more useful?

119
00:04:52,906 --> 00:04:54,136
Because we realized that many

120
00:04:54,136 --> 00:04:56,950
of the lessons that we were
discovering in movements

121
00:04:56,950 --> 00:04:59,657
actually applied all over the world

122
00:04:59,657 --> 00:05:01,779
in many sectors of our society.

123
00:05:01,779 --> 00:05:03,656
So I want to introduce you to
this framework:

124
00:05:03,656 --> 00:05:05,876
Old power, meet new power.

125
00:05:05,876 --> 00:05:09,307
And I want to talk to you about
what new power is today.

126
00:05:09,307 --> 00:05:11,271
New power is the deployment

127
00:05:11,271 --> 00:05:14,460
of mass participation 
and peer coordination —

128
00:05:14,460 --> 00:05:16,102
these are the two key elements —

129
00:05:16,102 --> 00:05:18,599
to create change and shift outcomes.

130
00:05:18,599 --> 00:05:21,687
And we see new power all around us.

131
00:05:21,687 --> 00:05:22,971
This is Beppe Grillo

132
00:05:22,971 --> 00:05:25,116
he was a populist Italian blogger

133
00:05:25,116 --> 00:05:28,536
who, with a minimal political apparatus
and only some online tools,

134
00:05:28,536 --> 00:05:31,034
won more than 25 percent of the vote

135
00:05:31,034 --> 00:05:33,455
in recent Italian elections.

136
00:05:33,455 --> 00:05:34,817
This is Airbnb,

137
00:05:34,817 --> 00:05:36,566
which in just a few years

138
00:05:36,566 --> 00:05:38,728
has radically disrupted the hotel industry

139
00:05:38,728 --> 00:05:41,646
without owning a single
square foot of real estate.

140
00:05:41,646 --> 00:05:43,001
This is Kickstarter,

141
00:05:43,001 --> 00:05:45,898
which we know has raised over a billion dollars

142
00:05:45,898 --> 00:05:48,319
from more than five million people.

143
00:05:48,319 --> 00:05:50,249
Now, we're familiar with all of these models.

144
00:05:50,249 --> 00:05:53,450
But what's striking is the commonalities,

145
00:05:53,450 --> 00:05:55,576
the structural features of 
these new models

146
00:05:55,576 --> 00:05:57,725
and how they differ from old power.

147
00:05:57,725 --> 00:05:59,394
Let's look a little bit at this.

148
00:05:59,394 --> 00:06:02,552
Old power is held like a currency.

149
00:06:02,552 --> 00:06:04,531
New power works like a current.

150
00:06:04,531 --> 00:06:07,033
Old power is held by a few.

151
00:06:07,033 --> 00:06:10,473
New power isn't held by a few,
it's made by many.

152
00:06:10,473 --> 00:06:12,980
Old power is all about download,

153
00:06:12,980 --> 00:06:14,706
and new power uploads.

154
00:06:14,706 --> 00:06:17,240
And you see a whole set of 
characteristics that you can trace,

155
00:06:17,240 --> 00:06:20,356
whether it's in media or 
politics or education.

156
00:06:20,356 --> 00:06:22,422
So we've talked a little bit 
about what new power is.

157
00:06:22,422 --> 00:06:25,587
Let's, for a second, talk about 
what new power isn't.

158
00:06:25,587 --> 00:06:29,383
New power is not your Facebook page.

159
00:06:29,383 --> 00:06:32,208
I assure you that having a 
social media strategy

160
00:06:32,208 --> 00:06:34,756
can enable you to do just as much download

161
00:06:34,756 --> 00:06:37,618
as you used to do when you had the radio.

162
00:06:37,618 --> 00:06:41,146
Just ask Syrian dictator Bashar al-Assad,

163
00:06:41,146 --> 00:06:42,888
I assure you that his Facebook page

164
00:06:42,888 --> 00:06:47,015
has not embraced the power
of participation.

165
00:06:47,015 --> 00:06:50,413
New power is not inherently positive.

166
00:06:50,413 --> 00:06:52,702
In fact, this isn't an normative
argument that we're making,

167
00:06:52,702 --> 00:06:54,514
there are many good things 
about new power,

168
00:06:54,514 --> 00:06:56,331
but it can produce bad outcomes.

169
00:06:56,331 --> 00:06:58,336
More participation, more peer coordination,

170
00:06:58,336 --> 00:07:00,123
sometimes distorts outcomes

171
00:07:00,123 --> 00:07:01,198
and there are some things,

172
00:07:01,198 --> 00:07:03,297
like things, for example, 
in the medical profession

173
00:07:03,297 --> 00:07:06,293
that we want new power 
to get nowhere near.

174
00:07:06,293 --> 00:07:09,296
And thirdly, new power is not
the inevitable victor.

175
00:07:09,296 --> 00:07:10,875
In fact, unsurprisingly,

176
00:07:10,875 --> 00:07:13,864
as many of these new power
models get to scale,

177
00:07:13,864 --> 00:07:16,334
what you see is this massive pushback

178
00:07:16,334 --> 00:07:18,083
from the forces of old power.

179
00:07:18,083 --> 00:07:20,292
Just look at this really 
interesting epic struggle

180
00:07:20,292 --> 00:07:24,675
going on right now between 
Edward Snowden and the NSA.

181
00:07:24,675 --> 00:07:27,059
You'll note that only one of 
the two people on this slide

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00:07:27,059 --> 00:07:29,238
is currently in exile.

183
00:07:29,238 --> 00:07:30,653
And so, it's not at all clear

184
00:07:30,653 --> 00:07:32,743
that new power will be 
the inevitable victor.

185
00:07:32,743 --> 00:07:35,686
That said, keep one thing in mind:


186
00:07:35,686 --> 00:07:38,575
We're at the beginning of a
very steep curve.

187
00:07:38,575 --> 00:07:40,216
So you think about some of 
these new power models, right?

188
00:07:40,216 --> 00:07:42,328
These were just like someone's

189
00:07:42,328 --> 00:07:44,874
garage idea a few years ago,

190
00:07:44,874 --> 00:07:48,010
and now they're disrupting 
entire industries.

191
00:07:48,010 --> 00:07:50,679
And so, what's interesting
about new power,

192
00:07:50,679 --> 00:07:52,695
is the way it feeds
on itself.

193
00:07:52,695 --> 00:07:54,719
Once you have an experience of new power,

194
00:07:54,719 --> 00:07:56,909
you tend to expect and 
want more of it.

195
00:07:56,909 --> 00:07:59,789
So let's say you've used a
peer-to-peer lending platform

196
00:07:59,789 --> 00:08:02,323
like Lending Tree or Prosper,

197
00:08:02,323 --> 00:08:04,607
then you've figured out that
you don't need the bank,

198
00:08:04,607 --> 00:08:06,544
and who wants the bank, right?

199
00:08:06,544 --> 00:08:08,982
And so, that experience tends 
to embolden you

200
00:08:08,982 --> 00:08:11,919
it tends to make you want
more participation

201
00:08:11,919 --> 00:08:14,264
across more aspects of your life.

202
00:08:14,264 --> 00:08:15,809
And what this gives rise to is

203
00:08:15,809 --> 00:08:17,380
a set of values.

204
00:08:17,380 --> 00:08:18,690
We talked about the models

205
00:08:18,690 --> 00:08:20,284
that new power has engendered —

206
00:08:20,284 --> 00:08:22,116
the Airbnbs, the Kickstarters.

207
00:08:22,116 --> 00:08:23,645
What about the values?

208
00:08:23,645 --> 00:08:25,315
And this is an early sketch

209
00:08:25,315 --> 00:08:27,878
at what new power values look like.

210
00:08:27,878 --> 00:08:31,009
New power values prize
transparency above all else.

211
00:08:31,009 --> 00:08:33,231
It's almost a religious 
belief in transparency,

212
00:08:33,231 --> 00:08:35,495
a belief that if you shine 
a light on something,

213
00:08:35,495 --> 00:08:36,926
it will be better.

214
00:08:36,926 --> 00:08:39,676
And remember that in the 20th 
century, this was not at all true.

215
00:08:39,676 --> 00:08:42,643
People thought that gentlemen
should sit behind closed doors

216
00:08:42,643 --> 00:08:44,925
and make comfortable agreements.

217
00:08:44,925 --> 00:08:48,330
New power values of informal,
networked governance.

218
00:08:48,330 --> 00:08:50,974
New power folks would never 
have invented the U.N. today,

219
00:08:50,974 --> 00:08:52,807
for better or worse.

220
00:08:52,807 --> 00:08:54,522
New power values participation,

221
00:08:54,522 --> 00:08:57,317
and new power is all about do-it-yourself.

222
00:08:57,317 --> 00:08:58,806
In fact, what's interesting 
about new power

223
00:08:58,806 --> 00:09:02,519
is that it eschews some of 
the professionalization

224
00:09:02,519 --> 00:09:03,994
and specialization that was

225
00:09:03,994 --> 00:09:06,384
all the rage in the 20th century.

226
00:09:06,384 --> 00:09:08,194
So what's interesting about these

227
00:09:08,194 --> 00:09:10,160
new power values and these
new power models

228
00:09:10,160 --> 00:09:12,455
is what they mean for organizations.

229
00:09:12,455 --> 00:09:14,963
So we've spent a bit of time thinking,

230
00:09:14,963 --> 00:09:17,229
how can we plot organizations

231
00:09:17,229 --> 00:09:19,493
on a two-by-two where, essentially,

232
00:09:19,493 --> 00:09:21,549
we look at new power values

233
00:09:21,549 --> 00:09:22,813
and new power models

234
00:09:22,813 --> 00:09:24,614
and see where different people sit?

235
00:09:24,614 --> 00:09:26,503
We started with a U.S. analysis,

236
00:09:26,503 --> 00:09:28,879
and let me show you 
some interesting findings.

237
00:09:28,879 --> 00:09:30,858
So the first is Apple.

238
00:09:30,858 --> 00:09:33,393
In this framework, we actually
described Apple

239
00:09:33,393 --> 00:09:35,515
as an old power company.

240
00:09:35,515 --> 00:09:37,169
That's because the ideology,

241
00:09:37,169 --> 00:09:39,457
the governing ideology of Apple

242
00:09:39,457 --> 00:09:42,331
is the ideology of the perfectionist

243
00:09:42,331 --> 00:09:44,355
product designer in Cupertino.

244
00:09:44,355 --> 00:09:48,427
It's absolutely about that beautiful, 
perfect thing descending upon us

245
00:09:48,427 --> 00:09:49,778
in perfection.

246
00:09:49,778 --> 00:09:52,401
And it does not value, as a 
company, transparency.

247
00:09:52,401 --> 00:09:54,064
In fact, it's very secretive.

248
00:09:54,064 --> 00:09:56,890
Now, Apple is one of the most
succesful companies in the world.

249
00:09:56,890 --> 00:09:58,262
So this shows that you can


250
00:09:58,262 --> 00:10:00,951
still pursue a successful 
old power strategy.

251
00:10:00,951 --> 00:10:03,921
But one can argue that there's 
real vulnerabilites in that model.

252
00:10:03,921 --> 00:10:05,945
I think another interesting comparison

253
00:10:05,945 --> 00:10:08,122
is that of the Obama campaign

254
00:10:08,122 --> 00:10:11,238
versus the Obama presidency.

255
00:10:11,238 --> 00:10:18,700
(Applause)

256
00:10:18,700 --> 00:10:20,447
Now, I like President Obama,

257
00:10:20,447 --> 00:10:24,403
but he ran with new 
power at his back, right?

258
00:10:24,403 --> 00:10:26,230
And he said to people,


259
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we are the ones we've
been waiting for.

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And he used crowdfunding

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to power a campaign.

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But when he got into office,

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he governed like more or less 
all the other presidents did.

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And this is a really interesting trend,

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is when new power gets powerful,

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what happens?


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So this is a framework you 
should look at

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and think about where your
own organization

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sits on it.

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And think about where it
should be 


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in five or 10 years.

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So what do you do if you're old power?

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Well, if you're there 
thinking, in old power,

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this won't happen to us.

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Then just look at the Wikipedia
entry for Encyclopædia Britannica.

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Let me tell you, it's a very sad read.

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But if you are old power,

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the most important thing you 
can do is to occupy yourself

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before others occupy you,

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before you are occupied.

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Imagine that a group
of your biggest skeptics

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are camped in the heart
of your organization

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00:11:17,944 --> 00:11:19,823
asking the toughest questions

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and they can see everything
inside of your organization.

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And ask them, would they 
like what they see

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and should our model change?

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What about if you're new power?


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Is new power kind of just 
riding the wave to glory?

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00:11:32,273 --> 00:11:33,753
I would argue no.

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I would argue that there
are some very real challenges

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to new power in this nascent phase.

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Let's stick with the Occupy Wall Street
example for a moment.

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Occupy was this incredible example 
of new power,

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the purest example of new power.

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00:11:45,736 --> 00:11:48,267
And yet, it failed to consolidate.

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00:11:48,267 --> 00:11:50,164
So the energy that it created

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was great for the meme phase,

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but they were so committed to participation,

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that they never got anything done.

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00:11:56,040 --> 00:11:57,831
And in fact that model

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00:11:57,831 --> 00:12:00,623
means that the challenge for new power is:

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how do you use institutional power

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without being institutionalized?


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One the other end of the spectra is Uber.

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Uber is an amazing,

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highly scalable new power model.

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That network is getting denser and denser

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by the day.

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00:12:14,589 --> 00:12:16,748
But what's really interesting 
about Uber is

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it hasn't really adopted new power values.

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This is a real quote from 
the Uber CEO recently:

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He says, "Once we get rid of the dude 
in the car" — he means drivers —

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"Uber will be cheaper."

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Now, new power models
live and die

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00:12:35,876 --> 00:12:38,058
by the strength of their networks.

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By whether the drivers and the consumers


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who use the service actually believe in it.

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Because they're not an exercise 
of top-down perfectionism,

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they are about the network.

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And so, the challenge,

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00:12:49,477 --> 00:12:51,727
and this is why it's in
no way surprising,

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is that Uber's drivers 
are now unionizing.

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00:12:55,983 --> 00:12:57,583
It's extraordinary.

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00:12:57,583 --> 00:12:59,872
Uber's drivers are turning on Uber.

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00:12:59,872 --> 00:13:01,166
And the challenge for Uber —

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this isn't an easy situation for them —

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00:13:03,093 --> 00:13:06,389
is that they are locked into
a broader superstrcuture

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00:13:06,389 --> 00:13:08,074
that is really old power.

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00:13:08,074 --> 00:13:11,082
They've raised more than a billion 
dollars in the capital markets.

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00:13:11,082 --> 00:13:13,610
Those markets expect a financial return,

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00:13:13,610 --> 00:13:15,527
and they way you get a financial return

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00:13:15,527 --> 00:13:17,924
is by squeezing and squeezing

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00:13:17,924 --> 00:13:20,169
your users and your drivers

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00:13:20,169 --> 00:13:21,464
for more and more value

335
00:13:21,464 --> 00:13:23,931
and giving that value to your investors.

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00:13:23,931 --> 00:13:27,534
So the big question about the future 
of new power, in my view, is:

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Will that old power just emerge?


338
00:13:30,093 --> 00:13:31,876
So will new power elites just become

339
00:13:31,876 --> 00:13:33,765
old power and squeeze?

340
00:13:33,765 --> 00:13:36,378
Or will that new power
base bite back?

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00:13:36,378 --> 00:13:38,139
Will the next big Uber

342
00:13:38,139 --> 00:13:40,519
be co-owned by Uber drivers?

343
00:13:40,519 --> 00:13:43,302
And I think this going 
to be a very interesting

344
00:13:43,302 --> 00:13:45,204
structural question.

345
00:13:45,204 --> 00:13:48,486
Finally, think about new power

346
00:13:48,486 --> 00:13:50,853
being more than just an

347
00:13:50,853 --> 00:13:52,489
entity that scales things 


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00:13:52,489 --> 00:13:56,205
that make us have slightly 
better consumer experiences.

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00:13:56,205 --> 00:13:58,371
My call to action for new power

350
00:13:58,371 --> 00:14:00,779
is to not be an island.

351
00:14:00,779 --> 00:14:03,935
We have major structural
problems in the world today

352
00:14:03,935 --> 00:14:06,191
that could benefit enormously

353
00:14:06,191 --> 00:14:08,505
from the kinds of mass participation

354
00:14:08,505 --> 00:14:09,842
and peer coordination

355
00:14:09,842 --> 00:14:11,570
that these new power players

356
00:14:11,570 --> 00:14:13,966
know so well how to generate.

357
00:14:13,966 --> 00:14:17,479
And we badly need them to 
turn their energies and their power

358
00:14:17,479 --> 00:14:20,703
to big, what economists might call

359
00:14:20,703 --> 00:14:22,276
public goods problems,

360
00:14:22,276 --> 00:14:24,322
that are often beyond markets

361
00:14:24,322 --> 00:14:26,332
where investors can easily be found.

362
00:14:26,332 --> 00:14:28,222
And I think if we can do that,

363
00:14:28,222 --> 00:14:31,207
we might be able to fundamentally change

364
00:14:31,207 --> 00:14:34,738
not only human beings' sense of 
their own agency and power —

365
00:14:34,738 --> 00:14:37,596
because I think that's the most
wonderful thing about new power,

366
00:14:37,596 --> 00:14:40,348
is that people feel more powerful —

367
00:14:40,348 --> 00:14:42,129
but we might also be able to change

368
00:14:42,129 --> 00:14:43,892
the way we relate to each other

369
00:14:43,892 --> 00:14:47,003
and the way we relate to 
authority and institutions.

370
00:14:47,003 --> 00:14:49,051
And to me, that's absolutely

371
00:14:49,051 --> 00:14:50,622
worth trying for.

372
00:14:50,622 --> 00:14:51,718
Thank you very much.

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00:14:51,718 --> 00:14:53,810
(Applause)