0:00:00.117,0:00:04.029 So this is Anna Hazare, 0:00:04.029,0:00:07.967 and Anna Hazare may well be[br]the most cutting-edge 0:00:07.967,0:00:10.914 digital activist in the world today. 0:00:10.914,0:00:12.452 And you wouldn't know it by looking at him. 0:00:12.452,0:00:18.099 Hazare is a 77-year-old Indian anti-corruption[br]and social justice activist. 0:00:18.099,0:00:21.970 And in 2011, he was running a big campaign 0:00:21.970,0:00:24.650 to address everyday corruption in India, 0:00:24.650,0:00:27.521 a topic that Indian elites love to ignore. 0:00:27.521,0:00:29.103 So as part of this campaign, 0:00:29.103,0:00:31.025 he was using all of the traditional tactics 0:00:31.025,0:00:33.591 that a good Ghandian organizer would use. 0:00:33.591,0:00:35.297 So he was on a hunger strike, 0:00:35.297,0:00:38.112 and Hazare realized through his hunger 0:00:38.112,0:00:40.029 that actually maybe this time, 0:00:40.029,0:00:41.345 in the 21st-century, 0:00:41.345,0:00:43.234 a hunger strike wouldn't be enough. 0:00:43.234,0:00:47.566 So he started playing around [br]with mobile-activism. 0:00:47.566,0:00:49.013 So the first thing he did, he said to people, 0:00:49.013,0:00:51.314 "why don't you send me 0:00:51.314,0:00:53.295 a text message if you support 0:00:53.295,0:00:54.815 my campaign against corruption?" 0:00:54.815,0:00:56.854 So he does this, he [br]gives people a short code, 0:00:56.854,0:00:59.720 and about 80,000 people do it. 0:00:59.720,0:01:01.438 Okay, that's pretty respectable. 0:01:01.438,0:01:02.375 But then he decides, 0:01:02.375,0:01:04.495 "let me tweak my tactics a little bit."[br] 0:01:04.495,0:01:08.970 He says, "why don't you leave[br]me a missed call?" 0:01:08.970,0:01:12.039 Now, for those of you who have[br]lived in the global south, 0:01:12.039,0:01:13.531 you'll know that missed calls 0:01:13.531,0:01:16.964 are a really critical part[br]of global mobile culture. 0:01:16.964,0:01:18.488 I see people nodding. 0:01:18.488,0:01:20.596 People leave missed calls all the time: 0:01:20.596,0:01:22.542 If you're running late for a meeting 0:01:22.542,0:01:24.848 and you want to let them know [br]that you're on the way, 0:01:24.848,0:01:26.571 you leave them a missed call. 0:01:26.571,0:01:28.977 If you're dating someone and [br]you just want to say "I miss you" 0:01:28.977,0:01:30.303 you leave them a missed call. 0:01:30.303,0:01:32.427 So a note for a dating tip here, 0:01:32.427,0:01:33.552 in some cultures, 0:01:33.552,0:01:35.284 if you want to please your lover, 0:01:35.284,0:01:39.685 you call them and hang up. 0:01:39.685,0:01:43.140 So why do people leave missed calls? 0:01:43.140,0:01:44.140 Well, the reason of course is that 0:01:44.140,0:01:47.238 they're trying to avoid charges 0:01:47.238,0:01:50.794 associated with making calls[br]and sending texts. 0:01:50.794,0:01:54.320 So when Hazare asked people [br]to leave him a missed call, 0:01:54.320,0:01:59.997 let's have a little guess how [br]many people actually did this? 0:01:59.997,0:02:03.935 35 million. 0:02:03.935,0:02:07.988 So this is one of the largest coordinated[br]actions in human history. 0:02:07.988,0:02:09.212 It's remarkable. 0:02:09.212,0:02:14.072 And this reflects the extraordinary strength [br]of the emerging Indian middle class, 0:02:14.072,0:02:16.894 And the power that their[br]mobile phones bring. 0:02:16.894,0:02:18.269 But he used that, 0:02:18.269,0:02:21.598 Hazare needed up with this massive [br]csv file of mobile phone numbers, 0:02:21.598,0:02:24.273 and he used that to deploy 0:02:24.273,0:02:26.269 real people-power on the ground 0:02:26.269,0:02:29.683 to get hundreds of thousands of[br]people on the streets in Dehli 0:02:29.683,0:02:34.353 to make a national point of [br]everyday corruption in India. 0:02:34.353,0:02:36.850 It's a really striking story. 0:02:36.850,0:02:38.810 So this is me when I was 12-years-old, 0:02:38.810,0:02:40.582 I hope you see the resemblance, 0:02:40.582,0:02:42.317 and I was also an activist, 0:02:42.317,0:02:44.557 and I have been an activist all my life. 0:02:44.557,0:02:46.167 I had this really funny childhood 0:02:46.167,0:02:47.910 where I [tropsed?] around the world 0:02:47.910,0:02:51.134 meeting world leaders and [br]Noble Prize winners 0:02:51.134,0:02:53.250 talking about third-world debt, 0:02:53.250,0:02:54.189 as it was then called, 0:02:54.189,0:02:56.103 and demilitarization, 0:02:56.103,0:03:00.475 I was a very, very serious child. 0:03:00.475,0:03:02.210 And back then, 0:03:02.210,0:03:03.684 in the early 90s, 0:03:03.684,0:03:07.214 I had very cutting-edge[br]tech-tool of my own: 0:03:07.214,0:03:09.466 the fax. 0:03:09.466,0:03:11.854 And the fax was the [br]tool of my activism. 0:03:11.854,0:03:13.362 And at that time, it was the best way 0:03:13.362,0:03:15.097 to get a message to a lot of people 0:03:15.097,0:03:16.645 all at once. 0:03:16.645,0:03:20.161 I'll give you one example of a fax[br]campaign that I ran. 0:03:20.161,0:03:22.077 It was the eve of the Gulf War 0:03:22.077,0:03:25.628 and I organized a global campaign [br]to flood the hotel, 0:03:25.628,0:03:27.109 the Intercontinental in Geneva, 0:03:27.109,0:03:29.064 where [name] and [name] 0:03:29.064,0:03:30.808 were meeting on the eve of the war, 0:03:30.808,0:03:33.152 and I thought that if I could [br]flood them with faxes, 0:03:33.152,0:03:34.370 we'll stop the war. 0:03:34.370,0:03:36.423 Well, unsurprisingly, 0:03:36.423,0:03:40.054 that campaign was wholly unsuccessful. 0:03:40.054,0:03:41.488 There are lots of reasons for that, 0:03:41.488,0:03:44.193 but there's no doubt that [br]one sputtering fax machine 0:03:44.193,0:03:47.300 in Geneva was a little bit[br]of a bandwidth constraint 0:03:47.300,0:03:50.502 in terms of the ability to [br]get a message to lots of people. 0:03:50.502,0:03:54.172 And so, I went on to [br]discover some better tools. 0:03:54.172,0:03:57.084 I co-founded Avaaz that uses the [br]internet to mobilize people 0:03:57.084,0:03:59.412 and now has almost [br]40 million members, 0:03:59.412,0:04:01.972 and I now run Purpose, which [br]is a home for these kinds of 0:04:01.972,0:04:04.268 technology-powered movements. 0:04:04.268,0:04:06.088 So what's the moral of this story? 0:04:06.088,0:04:07.356 Is the moral of this story,[br] 0:04:07.356,0:04:12.705 "you know what, the fax is kind of[br]eclipsed by the mobile phone? 0:04:12.705,0:04:14.935 This is another story of [br]tech-determinism?" 0:04:14.935,0:04:18.585 Well, I would argue that there's [br]actually more to it than that. 0:04:18.585,0:04:20.798 I'd argue that in the last 20 years, 0:04:20.798,0:04:23.386 something more fundamental has changed[br] 0:04:23.386,0:04:25.021 than just new tech. 0:04:25.021,0:04:27.561 I would argue that there has[br]been a fundamental shift 0:04:27.561,0:04:30.339 in the balance of power 0:04:30.339,0:04:31.348 in the world. 0:04:31.348,0:04:33.629 You ask any activist how to understand the world, 0:04:33.629,0:04:34.465 and they'll say, 0:04:34.465,0:04:35.979 "look at where the power is,[br] 0:04:35.979,0:04:37.397 who has it, 0:04:37.397,0:04:38.756 how it's shifting?"[br][br] 0:04:38.756,0:04:41.339 I think we all sense that something[br]big is happening. 0:04:41.339,0:04:43.523 So Henry Timms and I, 0:04:43.523,0:04:45.371 Henry's a fellow movement builder, 0:04:45.371,0:04:47.273 got talking one day and [br]we started to think, 0:04:47.273,0:04:49.274 "how can we make sense of this new world, 0:04:49.274,0:04:50.923 how can we describe it and give 0:04:50.923,0:04:53.286 it a framework that makes it more useful?"[br] 0:04:53.286,0:04:54.136 Because we realize that many 0:04:54.136,0:04:56.950 of the lessons that we were[br]discovering in movements 0:04:56.950,0:04:59.657 actually applied all over the world 0:04:59.657,0:05:01.919 in many sectors of our society. 0:05:01.919,0:05:03.656 So I want to introduce you to[br]this framework: 0:05:03.656,0:05:05.876 Old power, meet new power. 0:05:05.876,0:05:09.307 And I want to talk to you about[br]what new power is today. 0:05:09.307,0:05:11.451 New power is the deployment 0:05:11.451,0:05:14.460 of mass participation and peer coordination, 0:05:14.460,0:05:16.102 these are the two key elements, 0:05:16.102,0:05:18.599 to create change and shift outcomes. 0:05:18.599,0:05:21.687 And we see new power all around us. 0:05:21.687,0:05:23.411 This is Beppe Grillo 0:05:23.411,0:05:25.116 he was a populist Italian blogger 0:05:25.116,0:05:28.536 who with a minimal apparatus[br]and only some online tools, 0:05:28.536,0:05:31.434 won more than 25 percent of the vote 0:05:31.434,0:05:33.455 in recent Italian elections. 0:05:33.455,0:05:35.257 This is Airbnb 0:05:35.257,0:05:36.566 which, in just a few years, 0:05:36.566,0:05:38.728 has radically disrupted the hotel industry 0:05:38.728,0:05:42.446 without owning a single[br]square-foot of real estate. 0:05:42.446,0:05:43.421 This is Kickstarter, 0:05:43.421,0:05:45.898 which we know has raised over a billion dollars 0:05:45.898,0:05:48.319 from more than 5 million people. 0:05:48.319,0:05:50.529 Now, we're familiar with all of these models. 0:05:50.529,0:05:53.450 But what's striking is the commonalities, 0:05:53.450,0:05:55.576 the structural features of [br]these new models 0:05:55.576,0:05:57.725 and how they differ from old power. 0:05:57.725,0:05:59.394 Let's look a little bit at this. 0:05:59.394,0:06:02.552 Old power is held like a currency. 0:06:02.552,0:06:04.921 New power works like a current. 0:06:04.921,0:06:07.033 Old power is held by a few. 0:06:07.033,0:06:10.823 New power isn't held by a few,[br]it's made by many. 0:06:10.823,0:06:13.310 Old power is all about download, 0:06:13.310,0:06:14.896 and new power uploads. 0:06:14.896,0:06:16.540 And you see a whole set of characteristics 0:06:16.540,0:06:17.418 that you can trace, 0:06:17.418,0:06:19.386 whether it's in media or politics, 0:06:19.386,0:06:20.828 or education. 0:06:20.828,0:06:22.182 So we've talked a little bit about 0:06:22.182,0:06:22.760 what new power is, 0:06:22.760,0:06:26.007 let's talk for a second about what[br]new power isn't. 0:06:26.007,0:06:29.753 New power is not your Facebook page. 0:06:29.753,0:06:32.208 I assure you that having a [br]social media strategy 0:06:32.208,0:06:33.026 can enable you to do 0:06:33.026,0:06:34.735 just as much download 0:06:34.735,0:06:37.818 as you used to do when you had the radio. 0:06:37.818,0:06:41.146 Just as Syrian dictator Bashar Al-Assad, 0:06:41.146,0:06:42.888 I assure you that his Facebook page 0:06:42.888,0:06:47.245 has not embraced the power[br]of participation. 0:06:47.245,0:06:50.413 New power is not inherently positive. 0:06:50.413,0:06:52.702 In fact, this isn't an normative[br]argument that we're making, 0:06:52.702,0:06:54.514 there are many good things [br]about new power, 0:06:54.514,0:06:56.331 but it can produce bad outcomes. 0:06:56.331,0:06:58.336 More participation, more peer coordination 0:06:58.336,0:07:00.393 sometimes distorts outcomes 0:07:00.393,0:07:01.618 and there are some things, 0:07:01.618,0:07:03.297 like things, for example, in the medical profession 0:07:03.297,0:07:06.293 that we want new power to get [br]no where near. 0:07:06.293,0:07:09.666 And thirdly, new power is not[br]the inevitable victor. 0:07:09.666,0:07:11.175 In fact, unsurprisingly, 0:07:11.175,0:07:13.864 as many of these new power[br]models get to scale, 0:07:13.864,0:07:16.334 what you see is this massive push-back 0:07:16.334,0:07:18.083 from the forces of old power. 0:07:18.083,0:07:20.672 Just look at this really [br]interesting epic struggle 0:07:20.672,0:07:24.879 going on right now between [br]Edward Snowden and the NSA. 0:07:24.879,0:07:25.945 You'll note that only that[br] 0:07:25.945,0:07:27.319 only one of the two people on this slide 0:07:27.319,0:07:29.238 is currently in exile. 0:07:29.238,0:07:30.843 And so, it's not at all clear 0:07:30.843,0:07:32.893 that new power will be [br]the inevitable victor. 0:07:32.893,0:07:35.686 That said, keep one thing in mind:[br] 0:07:35.686,0:07:38.575 We're at the beginning of a[br]very steep curve. 0:07:38.575,0:07:40.216 So you think about some of [br]these new power models, right? 0:07:40.216,0:07:42.328 These were just like someone's 0:07:42.328,0:07:44.874 garage idea a few years ago, 0:07:44.874,0:07:48.010 and now they're disrupting [br]entire industries. 0:07:48.010,0:07:50.679 And so, what's interesting[br]about new power, 0:07:50.679,0:07:52.695 is the way it feeds[br]on itself. 0:07:52.695,0:07:54.719 Once you have an experience of new power, 0:07:54.719,0:07:56.909 you tend to expect and [br]want more of it. 0:07:56.909,0:07:59.789 So let's say you've used a[br]peer-to-peer lending platform 0:07:59.789,0:08:02.323 like Lending Tree or Prosper, 0:08:02.323,0:08:04.607 then you've figured out that[br]you don't need the bank, 0:08:04.607,0:08:06.544 and who wants the bank, right? 0:08:06.544,0:08:08.982 And so, that experience tends [br]to embolden you 0:08:08.982,0:08:11.919 it tends to make you want[br]more participation 0:08:11.919,0:08:14.444 across more aspects of your life. 0:08:14.444,0:08:15.809 And what this gives rise to is 0:08:15.809,0:08:17.640 a set of values. 0:08:17.640,0:08:19.100 We talked about the models 0:08:19.100,0:08:20.284 that new power has engendered, 0:08:20.284,0:08:22.116 the Airbnbs, the Kickstarters, 0:08:22.116,0:08:23.645 what about the values?[br] 0:08:23.645,0:08:25.315 And this is an early sketch 0:08:25.315,0:08:27.878 at what new power values look like. 0:08:27.878,0:08:31.339 New power values prize[br]transparency above all else. 0:08:31.339,0:08:33.231 It's almost a religious belief[br]in transparency, a belief 0:08:33.231,0:08:35.915 that if you shine a light on something, 0:08:35.915,0:08:37.036 it will be better. 0:08:37.036,0:08:38.386 And remember that in the 20th-century, 0:08:38.386,0:08:39.849 this was not at all true. 0:08:39.849,0:08:42.643 People thought that gentlemen[br]should sit behind closed doors 0:08:42.643,0:08:44.925 and make comfortable agreements. 0:08:44.925,0:08:48.330 New power values informal,[br]networked governance. 0:08:48.330,0:08:51.464 New power folks would have[br]invented the UN today, 0:08:51.464,0:08:52.807 for better or worse. 0:08:52.807,0:08:55.042 New power values participation, 0:08:55.042,0:08:56.085 and new power is all about 0:08:56.085,0:08:57.587 "do it yourself." 0:08:57.587,0:08:58.966 In fact, what's interesting [br]about new power 0:08:58.966,0:09:02.519 is that it eschews some of [br]the professionalization 0:09:02.519,0:09:03.994 and specialization that was 0:09:03.994,0:09:06.474 all the rage in the 20th-century. 0:09:06.474,0:09:08.194 So what's interesting about these 0:09:08.194,0:09:10.160 new power values and these[br]new power models 0:09:10.160,0:09:12.675 is what they mean for organizations. 0:09:12.675,0:09:14.503 So we've spent a bit of time thinking 0:09:14.503,0:09:17.749 "how can we plot organizations 0:09:17.749,0:09:19.873 on a 2x2 where, essentially 0:09:19.873,0:09:21.549 we look at new power values 0:09:21.549,0:09:22.813 and new power models 0:09:22.813,0:09:24.614 and see where different people sit?" 0:09:24.614,0:09:26.723 We started with a U.S. analysis, 0:09:26.723,0:09:28.029 and let me show you some 0:09:28.029,0:09:29.336 interesting findings. 0:09:29.336,0:09:31.138 So the first is Apple. 0:09:31.138,0:09:33.393 In this framework, we actually[br]described Apple 0:09:33.393,0:09:35.735 as an old power company. 0:09:35.735,0:09:37.839 That's because the ideology, 0:09:37.839,0:09:39.457 the governing ideology of Apple 0:09:39.457,0:09:42.331 is the ideology of the perfectionist 0:09:42.331,0:09:44.355 product designer in Cupertino. 0:09:44.355,0:09:48.597 It's absolutely about that beautiful,[br]perfect thing descending upon us, 0:09:48.597,0:09:49.778 in perfection. 0:09:49.778,0:09:52.661 And it does not value, as a [br]company, transparency. 0:09:52.661,0:09:54.344 In fact, it's very secretive. 0:09:54.344,0:09:56.170 Now, Apple is one of the most[br]succesful companies 0:09:56.170,0:09:57.075 in the world. 0:09:57.075,0:09:58.262 So this shows that you can[br] 0:09:58.262,0:10:01.261 still pursue a successful old power strategy. 0:10:01.261,0:10:04.921 But one can argue that there's [br]real vulnerabilites in that model. 0:10:04.921,0:10:06.295 I think another interesting comparison 0:10:06.295,0:10:08.382 is that of the Obama campaign 0:10:08.382,0:10:11.518 versus the Obama presidency. 0:10:11.518,0:10:19.350 (Applause) 0:10:19.350,0:10:20.447 Now I like President Obama, 0:10:20.447,0:10:24.763 he ran with new power[br]at his back, right? 0:10:24.763,0:10:26.450 And he said to people,[br] 0:10:26.450,0:10:28.403 "we are the ones we've[br]been waiting for." 0:10:28.403,0:10:29.654 And he used crowdfunding 0:10:29.654,0:10:31.205 to power a campaign. 0:10:31.205,0:10:32.726 But when he got into office, 0:10:32.726,0:10:33.608 he governed like, 0:10:33.608,0:10:34.181 more or less, 0:10:34.181,0:10:35.701 all the other presidents did. 0:10:35.701,0:10:37.822 And this is a really interesting trend, 0:10:37.822,0:10:39.820 as when new power gets powerful, 0:10:39.820,0:10:41.391 what happens?[br] 0:10:41.391,0:10:43.155 So this is a framework you [br]should look at 0:10:43.155,0:10:44.947 and think about where your[br]own organization 0:10:44.947,0:10:45.861 sits on it. 0:10:45.861,0:10:47.184 And think about where it[br]should be [br] 0:10:47.184,0:10:49.222 in five or 10 years. 0:10:49.222,0:10:51.567 So what do you do if you're old power? 0:10:51.567,0:10:52.632 If you're there thinking, 0:10:52.632,0:10:53.848 in old power, 0:10:53.848,0:10:56.062 "this won't happen to us." 0:10:56.062,0:11:01.819 Then just look at the Wikipedia[br]entry for Encyclopedia Britannica. 0:11:01.819,0:11:02.495 Let me tell you, 0:11:02.495,0:11:04.292 it's a very sad read. 0:11:04.292,0:11:05.274 But if you are old power, 0:11:05.274,0:11:06.124 the most important thing 0:11:06.124,0:11:08.837 you can do is to occupy yourself 0:11:08.837,0:11:11.491 before others occupy you, 0:11:11.491,0:11:12.819 before you are occupied. 0:11:12.819,0:11:15.592 Imagine that a group[br]of your biggest skeptics 0:11:15.592,0:11:17.944 are camped in the heart[br]of your organization 0:11:17.944,0:11:19.823 asking the toughest questions 0:11:19.823,0:11:22.751 and they can see everything[br]inside of your organization. 0:11:22.751,0:11:25.501 And ask them, "would they [br]like what they see 0:11:25.501,0:11:28.336 and should our model change?" 0:11:28.336,0:11:29.639 What about if you're new power?[br] 0:11:29.639,0:11:32.273 Is new power kind of just [br]riding the wave to glory? 0:11:32.273,0:11:33.753 I would argue no. 0:11:33.753,0:11:35.709 I would argue that there[br]are some very real challenges 0:11:35.709,0:11:37.401 to new power in this nascent phase. 0:11:37.401,0:11:40.903 Let's stick with the Occupy Wall Street[br]example for a moment. 0:11:40.903,0:11:43.893 Occupy was this incredible example [br]of new power, 0:11:43.893,0:11:45.736 the purest example of new power. 0:11:45.736,0:11:48.747 And yet, it failed to consolidate. 0:11:48.747,0:11:50.164 So they energy that it created 0:11:50.164,0:11:51.815 was great for the mean phase, 0:11:51.815,0:11:54.406 but they were so committed to participation, 0:11:54.406,0:11:56.040 that they never got anything done. 0:11:56.040,0:11:58.011 And in fact that model 0:11:58.011,0:12:00.623 means that the challenge for new power is: 0:12:00.623,0:12:03.162 how do you use institutional power 0:12:03.162,0:12:05.743 without being institutionalized?[br] 0:12:05.743,0:12:07.216 One the other end of the spectra 0:12:07.216,0:12:08.249 is Uber. 0:12:08.249,0:12:09.450 Uber is an amazging, 0:12:09.450,0:12:11.533 highly scalable new power model. 0:12:11.533,0:12:13.659 That network is getting denser and denser 0:12:13.659,0:12:14.879 by the day. 0:12:14.879,0:12:16.358 But what's really interesting [br]about Uber is 0:12:16.358,0:12:20.489 it hasn't really adopted new power values. 0:12:20.489,0:12:24.561 This is a real quote from [br]the Uber CEO recently: 0:12:24.561,0:12:29.009 He says, "Once we get rid of the [br]dude in the car," He means drivers, 0:12:29.009,0:12:32.601 "Über will be cheaper." 0:12:32.601,0:12:35.876 Now, new power models[br]live and die 0:12:35.876,0:12:38.058 by the strength of their networks. 0:12:38.058,0:12:39.991 By whether the drivers and the consumers[br] 0:12:39.991,0:12:42.332 who use the service actually believe in it. 0:12:42.332,0:12:45.833 Because they're not an exercise [br]of top-down perfectionism, 0:12:45.833,0:12:47.781 they are about the network. 0:12:47.781,0:12:49.477 And so, the challenge, 0:12:49.477,0:12:51.727 and this is why it's in[br]no way surprising, 0:12:51.727,0:12:55.983 that now Uber's drivers [br]are now unionizing. 0:12:55.983,0:12:57.583 It's extraordinary. 0:12:57.583,0:12:59.872 Uber's drivers are turning on Uber. 0:12:59.872,0:13:01.166 And the challenge for Uber, 0:13:01.166,0:13:03.093 this isn't an easy situation for them, 0:13:03.093,0:13:06.609 is that they are locked into[br]a broder super-strcuture 0:13:06.609,0:13:08.074 that is really old power. 0:13:08.074,0:13:11.082 They've raised more than a billion [br]dollars in the capital markets. 0:13:11.082,0:13:13.950 Those markets expect a financial return, 0:13:13.950,0:13:15.527 and they way you get a financial return 0:13:15.527,0:13:17.924 is by squeezing and squeezing 0:13:17.924,0:13:20.379 your users and your drivers 0:13:20.379,0:13:21.464 for more and more value 0:13:21.464,0:13:23.931 and giving that value to your investors. 0:13:23.931,0:13:24.914 So the big question 0:13:24.914,0:13:26.172 about the future of new power 0:13:26.172,0:13:26.914 in my view is: 0:13:26.914,0:13:30.093 Will that old power just emerge?[br] 0:13:30.093,0:13:31.876 So will new power elites just become 0:13:31.876,0:13:34.025 old power and squeeze? 0:13:34.025,0:13:36.658 Or will that new power[br]base bite back? 0:13:36.658,0:13:38.139 Will the next big Uber 0:13:38.139,0:13:40.519 be co-owned by Uber drivers? 0:13:40.519,0:13:42.472 And I think this going to be a very interesting 0:13:42.472,0:13:45.204 structural question. 0:13:45.204,0:13:48.786 Finally, think about new power 0:13:48.786,0:13:51.093 being more than just an 0:13:51.093,0:13:52.769 entity that scales things [br] 0:13:52.769,0:13:56.505 that make us have slightly [br]better consumer experiences. 0:13:56.505,0:13:58.371 My call to action for new power 0:13:58.371,0:14:01.209 is to not be an island. 0:14:01.209,0:14:03.935 We have major structural[br]problems in the world today, 0:14:03.935,0:14:06.191 that could benefit enormously 0:14:06.191,0:14:08.755 from the kinds of mass participation 0:14:08.755,0:14:10.112 and peer coordination 0:14:10.112,0:14:11.820 that these new power players 0:14:11.820,0:14:13.966 know so well how to generate. 0:14:13.966,0:14:17.679 And we badly need them to [br]turn their energies and their power 0:14:17.679,0:14:20.703 to big, what economists might call, 0:14:20.703,0:14:22.276 public goods problems, 0:14:22.276,0:14:24.592 that are often beyond markets 0:14:24.592,0:14:26.882 where investors can easily be found. 0:14:26.882,0:14:28.482 And I think if we can do that, 0:14:28.482,0:14:31.207 we might be able to fundamentally change 0:14:31.207,0:14:35.138 not only human being's[br]sense of their own agency and power, 0:14:35.138,0:14:37.896 because I think that's the most[br]wonderful thing about new power, 0:14:37.896,0:14:40.608 is that people feel more powerful, 0:14:40.608,0:14:42.239 but we might also be able to change 0:14:42.239,0:14:44.172 the way we relate to each other 0:14:44.172,0:14:47.003 and the way we relate to [br]authority and institutions. 0:14:47.003,0:14:49.361 And to me, that's absolutely 0:14:49.361,0:14:50.622 worth trying for. 0:14:50.622,0:14:51.718 Thank you very much. 0:14:51.718,0:14:53.810 (Applause)