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全世界每年消費

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超過 100,000 公噸嘅咖啡因

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等同於 14 座埃菲爾鐵塔嘅重量

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大部分係咖啡同茶裏面嘅咖啡因

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仲有一部分係喺蘇打水

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朱古力

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咖啡因藥丸

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甚至喺一啲標為冇咖啡因嘅飲料

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即使喺我哋唔夠瞓嘅時候

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咖啡因可以令我哋清醒，集中注意力
更加開心同有活力

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但都會令我哋嘅血壓上升，產生焦慮感

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咖啡因係世界上使用最廣泛嘅藥物

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咁佢係點樣令我地保持清醒呢？

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咖啡因喺唔同植物中有唔同嘅功效

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喺一啲植物嘅葉同種子中

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含有對昆蟲有毒嘅高劑量咖啡因

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但係一啲花蜜中嘅低劑量咖啡因

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可以幫助昆蟲記住花朵同重新採蜜

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咖啡因喺人體內
可作為中樞神經系統嘅興奮劑

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佢通過阻斷重要嘅睡眠誘導分子
腺苷

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嚟令我哋保持清醒

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我哋身體通過分解高能分子 ATP

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嚟獲得持續嘅能量補給

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喺呢個過程當中

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身體釋放 ATP 嘅化學骨架︰腺苷

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大腦中嘅神經元有腺苷嘅特定受體

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當腺苷同受體結合

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會激活一系列嘅化學反應

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令到神經元嘅反應緩慢

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同時令腦信號分子嘅釋放變得遲緩

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簡單來講，你會瞌眼瞓

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咖啡因亦被叫作腺苷受體嘅對抗者

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即係佢可以通過阻斷腺苷受體

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嚟令到神經元反應遲鈍

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咖啡因同腺苷有相似嘅分子結構

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相似到咖啡因亦可以楔入腺苷嘅受體

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但並不足以激活受體

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總之，腺苷可以抑制神經元嘅活動

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而咖啡因可以抑制抑製劑嘅效用
令你變得更精神

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咖啡因亦可以令人產生積極嘅感覺

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喺一啲神經元

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腺苷受體係同多巴胺受體相連嘅

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多巴胺嘅一個作用
係令到大腦產生愉快嘅感覺

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而腺苷楔入多巴胺受體

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會令到多巴胺難以楔入

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打斷咗佢提升情緒嘅功能

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但係當咖啡因楔入腺苷受體嗰時
就冇咁樣嘅反應

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多巴胺仍可以楔入受體

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有證據證明
咖啡因對腺苷同多巴胺受體嘅作用

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會產生長期嘅效益
降低一啲疾病嘅風險

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譬如帕金遜病、阿茲海默病同癌症等

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咖啡因都可以加快身體燃燒脂肪嘅速度

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事實上，一啲運動機構認為

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運動員攝取咖啡因會獲得唔公平嘅優勢

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因此對咖啡因嘅攝入設置咗限制標準

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從 1972 年到 2004 年

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奧運會運動員嘅血咖啡因濃度
必須要低於特定標準

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先至可以參加比賽

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當然，唔係所有咖啡因作用都係有益嘅

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佢可以令你感到愉快同有精神

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但都可以令你嘅心跳加快，血壓上升

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急尿或腹瀉

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甚至係失眠同焦慮

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另外，含有咖啡因嘅食物

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對你身體嘅影響都不容忽視

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你個大腦可以適應經常性嘅咖啡因攝取

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如果你體內嘅腺苷受體被阻斷

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你個身體會自己再整多個新嘅

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所以，即使攝入咖啡因

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腺苷仍然可以正常通知大腦要休息

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咁就係點解你會發現

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你需要更多嘅咖啡因嚟保持清醒

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因為有越來越多嘅受體需要被阻斷

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亦係點解

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如果你突然間停止服用咖啡因

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會感到不適同產生退隱嘅症狀

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當體內存在過多嘅腺苷受體

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腺苷就會長時間超時做嘢

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從而引起似係頭痛

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疲倦

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同鬱悶等嘅病徵

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但一段時間之後

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過量嘅腺苷受體就會消失

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身體會去重新調整

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就算無攝入
呢種全世界最受歡迎嘅興奮劑

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你都會覺得一樣嘅清醒