1
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
To be honest, by personality,

2
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
I'm just not much of a crier.

3
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
But I think, in my career, that's been 
a good thing.

4
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
I'm a civiil rights lawyer,

5
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and I've seen some horrible things 
in the world.

6
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
I began my career working police-abuse
cases in the United States.

7
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
In 1994, I was sent to Rwanda to be
the director

8
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
of the UN's genocide investigation.

9
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Tears just aren't much help

10
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
when you're trying to investigate a genocide.

11
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
The things I had to see, and feel and touch,

12
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
were pretty unspeakable.

13
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
What I can tell you is this:

14
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
the Rwandan genocide was one of the world's

15
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
greatest failures of simple compassion.

16
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
The word compassion actually comes from

17
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
two latin words:

18
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
cum passio, which simply mean 
"to suffer with."

19
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
And the things that I saw and experienced

20
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
in Rwanda as I got up-close to human suffering

21
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
did, in moments, move me to tears.

22
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
But I just wish that I and the rest of the world

23
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
had just been moved earlier.

24
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
And not just to tears,

25
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
but to actually stop the genocide.

26
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
And by contrast, I've also been involved
with one of the world's

27
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
greatest successes of compassion.

28
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
And that's the fight against global poverty.

29
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
It's a cause that's probably involved 
all of us here.

30
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
I don't know if your first introduction

31
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
may have been choruses of "We Are the World",

32
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
or maybe the picture of a sponsored child
on your refrigerator door,

33
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
or maybe the birthday you donated 
for fresh water.

34
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
I don't really remember what my first
introduction to poverty was

35
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
but I do remember the most jarring.

36
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
It was when I met Venus,

37
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
a mom from Zambia.

38
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
She's got three kids and she's a widow.

39
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
When I met her,

40
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
she had walked about 12 miles

41
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
in the only garments she owned,

42
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
to come to the capital city
and share her story.

43
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
She sat down with me for hours,

44
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
just ushered me in to the world of poverty.

45
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
She described what it was like 
when the coals on the cooking fire

46
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
finally just went completely cold.

47
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
When that last drop of cooking oil
finally ran out.

48
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
When the last of the food, 
despiete her best efforts,

49
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
ran out.

50
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
She had to watch her youngest son, Peter,

51
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
suffer from malnutrition,

52
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
as his legs just slowly bowed into uselessness.

53
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
As his eyes grew cloudy and dim.

54
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
And then as Peter finally grew cold.

55
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
For over 50 years, stories like this
have been moving us to compassion.

56
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
We whose kids have plenty to eat.

57
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
And we're moved not only to care about 
global poverty,

58
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
but to actually do our part to stop the suffering.

59
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Now there's plenty of room for critique 
that we haven't done enough,

60
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and what it is that we've done
hasn't been effective enough,

61
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
but the truth is this:

62
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
the fight against global poverty
is probably the broadest, longest

63
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
manifestation of the human phenomenon
of compassion

64
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
in the history of our species.

65
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
And so I'd like to share
a pretty shattering insight

66
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
that might forever change the way
you think about that struggle.

67
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
But first, let me begin with what
you probably already know.

68
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
35 years ago, when I would have been
graduating from high school,

69
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
they told us that 40,000 kids died 
everyday because of poverty.

70
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
That number, today, is now 
down to 17,000.

71
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Way too many, of course,

72
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
but it does mean that every year,

73
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
there's 8 million kids who
don't have to die from poverty.

74
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Moreover, the number of people
in our world

75
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
who are living in extreme poverty,

76
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
which is defined as living off of 
about a dollar and a quarter a day,

77
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
that has fallen from 50 percent,

78
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
to only 15 percent.

79
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
This is massive progress,

80
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and this exceeds everyone's expectations
about what is possible.

81
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
And I think you and I,

82
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
I think, honestly, that we can feel proud
and encouraged

83
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
to see the way compassion actually 
has the power

84
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
to succeed in stopping the suffering of millions.

85
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
But here's the part that you 
might not hear very much about.

86
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
If you move that poverty mark just
up to two dollars a day,

87
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
it turns out that virtually the same
2 billion people

88
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
who were stuck in that harsh poverty

89
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
when I was in high school,

90
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
are still stuck there,

91
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
35 years later.

92
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
So why, why are so many billions
still stuck in such harsh poverty?

93
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Well let's think about Venus for a moment.

94
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Now for decades, my wife and I

95
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
have been moved by common compassion

96
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
to sponsor kids, to fund micro loans,

97
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
to support generous levels of foreign aid.

98
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
But until I had actually talked to Venus,

99
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
I would have had no idea that 
none of those appraoches

100
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
actually addressed why she had
to watch her son die.

101
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
"We were doing fine," Venus told me.

102
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
"Until Brutus started to cause trouble."

103
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Now Brutus is Venus' neighbor 
and "caused trouble"

104
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
is what happened the day after
Venus' husband died.

105
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
When Brutus just came and threw
Venus and her kids

106
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
out of the house,

107
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
stole all their land, and robbed
their market stall.

108
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
You see, Venus was thrown into destitution
by violence.

109
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
And then it occurred to me, of course,

110
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
that none of my child sponsorships,
none of my micro loans,

111
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
none of the traditional anti-poverty programs

112
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
were going to stop Brutus,

113
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
because they weren't meant to.

114
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
This became became even more clear
to me when I met Griselda.

115
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
She's a marvelous young girl
living in a very poor community

116
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
in Guatemala.

117
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
And one of the things we've learned
over the years

118
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
is that perhaps the most powerful thing

119
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
that Griselda and her family can do

120
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
to get Griselda and her family out of poverty

121
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
is to make sure that she goes to school.

122
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
The experts call this "The Girl Effect."

123
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
But when met Griselda, she wasn't
going to school.

124
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
In fact, she was rarely ever leaving her home.

125
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Days before we met her,

126
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
when she was walking home from church
with her family, in broad daylight,

127
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
men from community just snatched
her off the street,

128
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and violently raped her.

129
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
See, Griselda had every opportunity
to go to school,

130
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
it just wasn't safe for her to get there.

131
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
And Griselda's not the only one.

132
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Around the world, poor women and girls,

133
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
between the ages of 15 and 44,

134
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
they are, when victims of the everyday violence

135
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
of domestic abuse, and sexual violence,

136
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
those two forms of violence account
for more death and disability

137
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
than malaria, than car accidents,
than war combined.

138
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
The truth is, the poor of our world
are trapped in whole systems of violence.

139
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
In South Asia, for instance,

140
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
I could drive past this rice mill

141
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and this man hoisting these 100 pound sacks

142
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
of rice upon his thin back.

143
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
But I would have no idea, until later,

144
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
that he was actually a slave,

145
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
held by violence in that rice mill
since I was in high school.

146
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Decades of anti-poverty programs
right in his community

147
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
were never able to rescue him
or any of the hundred other slaves

148
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
from the beatings and rapes and the torture



149
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
of violence inside the rice mill.

150
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
In fact, half a century of anti-povety
programs

151
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
have left more poor people in slavery

152
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
than in any other time in human history.

153
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Experts tell us that there's about 35 million people
in slavery today.

154
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
That's about the population of the entire
nation of Canada,

155
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
where we're sitting today.

156
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
This is why, over time, I have come
to call this epidemic of violence

157
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
"The Locust Effect".

158
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Because in the lives of the poor,

159
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
it just descends like a plague,

160
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and it destroys everything.

161
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
In fact, now when you survey
very, very poor communities,

162
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
residents will tell you that their
greatest fear is violence.

163
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
But notice that the violence they fear,

164
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
is not the violence of genocide
or the wars,

165
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
it's everyday violence.

166
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
So for me, as a lawyer, of course,

167
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
my first reaction was to think,

168
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
"We need to change all the laws


169
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and make all this violence 
against the poor illegal."

170
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
But then I found out, it already is.

171
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
The problem is not that the poor
don't get laws,

172
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
it's that they don't get law enforcement.

173
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
In the developing world,

174
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
basic law enforcement systems
are so broken

175
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
that recently the UN issued a report
that found that

176
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
"most poor people live outside
the protection of law."

177
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Now honestly, you and I have just about
no idea

178
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
of what that would mean

179
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
because we have no first-hand experience
of it.

180
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Functioning law enforcement for us 
is just a total assumption.

181
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
In fact, nothing expresses that assumption

182
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
more clearly than three simple numbers:

183
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
911,

184
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
which, of course, is the number
of the emergency police operator

185
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
here in Canada and in the united States,

186
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
where the average response time 
to a police 911 emergency call

187
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
is about 10 minutes.

188
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
So we take this just completely for granted.

189
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
But what if there was no law enforcement
to protect you?

190
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
A woman in Oregon recently experienced
what this would be like.

191
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
She was home alone in her dark house
on a saturday night,

192
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
when a man started to tear his way
into her home.

193
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
This was her worst nightmare because
this man

194
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
had actually put her in the hospital 
from an assault just two weeks before.

195
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
So terrified, she picks up her phone<

196
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and does what any of us would do.

197
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
She calls 911.

198
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
But only to learn that because 
of budget cuts in her county,

199
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
law enforcement wasn't available 
on the weekends.

200
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Listen:

201
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
9-1-1 dispatcher: I don't have anybody to send out there.

202
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Woman: OK

203
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
9-1-1: Umm, obviously if he comes inside 
the residents and assaults you,

204
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
can you ask him to go away?

205
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Or do you know if he is intoxicated
or anything?

206
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Woman: I've already asked him.
I've already told him I was calling you.

207
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
He's broken in before, busted down my door,

208
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
assaulted me.

209
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
9-1-1: Uh-huh.

210
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Woman: Um, yeah, so...

211
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
9-1-1: Is there any way you could safely
leave the residence?

212
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Woman: No, I can't, because he's blocking,
pretty much, my only way out.

213
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
9-1-1: Well the only thing I can do 
is give you some advice,

214
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and call the sheriff's office tomorrow.

215
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Obviously, if he comes in and unfortunately
has a weapon or is trying to cause

216
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
you physical harm, that's a different story.

217
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
You know, the sheriff's office doesn't 
work up here.

218
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
I don't have anybody to send."

219
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Gary Haugen: Tragically, the woman 
inside that house

220
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
was violently assaulted, choked
and raped

221
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
because this is what it means to live
outside the rule of law.

222
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
And this is where billions of our poorest live.

223
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
What does that look like?

224
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
In Bolivia, for example, if a man 
sexually assaults a poor child,

225
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
statistically, he's at greater risk
of slipping in the shower and dying

226
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
than he is for every going to jail
for that crime.

227
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
In South Asia, if you enslave a poor person,

228
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
you're at greater risk of being 
struck by lightening

229
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
than being sent to jail
for that crime.

230
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
And so the epidemic of everyday violence,
it just rages on.

231
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
And it devastates our efforts to try
to help billions of people

232
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
out of their 2 dollar a day hell.

233
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Cause the data just doesn't lie.

234
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
It turns out that you can give 
all manner of goods and services

235
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
to the poor.

236
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
But if you don't restrain the hands 
of the violent bullies

237
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
from taking it all away,

238
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
you're going to be very disappointed
in the longterm impact of your efforts.

239
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
So you would think that 
the disintegration of basic law enforcement

240
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
in the developing world would be a 
huge priority for

241
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
the global fight against poverty.

242
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
But it's not.

243
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Auditors of international assistance
recently couldn't find

244
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
even 1 percent of aid going 
to protect the poor

245
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
from the lawless chaos of everyday violence.

246
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
And honestly, when we do talk about 
violence against the poor,

247
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
sometimes it's in the weirdest of ways.

248
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
A fresh water organization tells
a heart wrenching story

249
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
of girls who are raped on the way
to fetching water,

250
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
then celebrates the solution 
of a new well

251
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
that drastically shortens their walk.

252
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
End of story.

253
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
But not a word about the rapists
who are still out there in the community.

254
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
If a young woman on one 
of our collage campuses

255
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
was raped on her walk
to the library,

256
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
we wouldn't never celebrate the solution
of moving the library closer to the dorm.

257
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
And yet, for some reason,

258
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
this is okay for poor people.

259
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Now the truth is, the traditional experts
in economic development

260
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and poverty alleviation,

261
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
they don't know how to fix this problem.

262
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
And so what happens?

263
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
They don't talk about it.

264
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
But the more fundamental reason

265
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
that law enforcement for the poor
in the developing world

266
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
is so neglected,

267
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
is because the people inside
the developing world, with money,

268
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
don't need it.

269
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
I was at the world economic forum,
not long ago,

270
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
talking to corporate executives who have
massive businesses in the developing world,

271
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and I was just asking them,

272
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
"How do you guys protect all your people
and property from all the violence?"

273
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
And they looked at each other, 
and they said, practically in unison,

274
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
"We buy it."

275
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Indeed, private security forces 
in the developing world

276
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
are now, four, five and seven times
larger than the public police force.

277
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
In Africa, the largest employer 
on the continent now

278
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
is private security.

279
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
But you see, the rich can pay for safety
and can keep getting richer,

280
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
but the poor can't pay for it

281
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and they're left totally unprotected

282
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and they keep getting thrown
to the ground.

283
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
This is a massive and scandalous outrage.

284
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
And it doesn't have to be this way.

285
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Broken law enforcement can be fixed.

286
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Violence can be stopped.

287
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Almost all criminal justice systems,


288
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
they start out broken and corrupt,

289
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
but they can be transformed
by fierce effort and commitment.

290
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
The path forward is really pretty clear.

291
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Number one: we have to start making


292
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
stopping violence indispensible 
in the fight against poverty.

293
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
In fact, any conversation about 
global poverty

294
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
that doesn't include the problem of violence

295
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
must be deemed not serious.

296
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
And secondly, we have to begin 
to seriously invest

297
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
resources and shares expertise

298
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
to support the developing world

299
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
as they fashion new, public systems of justice,

300
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
not private security,

301
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
that gives everybody a chance to be safe.

302
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
These transformations 
are actually possible

303
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and they're happening today.

304
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Recently, the Gates Foundation 
funded a project

305
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
in the second largest city in the Philippines,

306
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
where local advocates and local
law enforcement

307
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
were able to transform corrupt police
and broken courts so drastically,

308
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
that in just four short years,

309
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
they were able to measurably reduce

310
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
the commercial sexual violence 
against poor kids

311
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
by 79 percent.

312
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
You know, from the hindsight of history,

313
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
What's always most inexplicable
and inexcusable

314
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
are the simple failures of compassion.

315
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Because I think history convenes 
a tribunal of our grandchildren

316
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and they just ask us,

317
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
"Grandma, Grandpa, where were you?

318
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Where were you, Grandpa, when the Jews
were fleeing Nazi Germany

319
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and were being rejected to our shores?

320
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Where were you?

321
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
And Grandma, where were you
when they were marching

322
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
our Japanese-American neighbors
off to internment camps?

323
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
And Grandpa, where were you 
when they were beating


324
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
our African-American neighbors

325
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
just cause they were trying to 
register to vote?"

326
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Likewise, when our grandchildren ask us,

327
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
"Grandma, Grandpa, where were you

328
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
when 2 billion of the world's poorest
were drowning

329
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
in the lawless chaos of everyday violence?"

330
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
I hope we can say that we had compassion,

331
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
that we raised our voice,

332
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and as a generation,

333
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
were moved to make the violence stop.

334
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Thank you very much.

335
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
(Applause)

336
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Chris Anderson: Really powerfully argued,

337
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
talk to us a little bit about
some of the things

338
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
that have actually been happening to,
for example, boost police training.

339
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
How hard a process is that?

340
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Gary Haugen: Well one of the glorious 
things that 's starting to happen now

341
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
is that the collapse of these systems

342
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and consequences are becoming obvious.

343
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
There's actually, now, political will
to do that.

344
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
But it just requires now a investment
of resources and transfer of expertise.

345
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
There's a political-will struggle 
that's going to take place,

346
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
but those are winnable fights

347
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
because we've done some examples
around the world

348
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
at International Justice Mission
that are very encouraging.

349
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
CA: So just tell us in one country,
how much it costs

350
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
to make a material difference 
to police, for example,

351
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
I know that's only one piece of it.

352
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
GH: In Guatemala, for instance,
we've started a project

353
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
there with the local police 
and court system, prosecutors,

354
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
to retrain them so that they can 
actually effectively bring these cases.

355
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
And we've seen prosecutions against
perpetrators of sexual violence

356
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
increase by more than 1000 percent.

357
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
This project has been very modestly funded
at about 1 million dollars a year,

358
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and the kind of bang you can get 
for your buck

359
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
in terms of leveraging 
a criminal justice system

360
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
that could function if it were properly
trained and motivated and led,

361
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and these countries, especially a middle class

362
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
that's is seeing that seeing that 
there is really no future

363
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
with this totally instability and
total privatization of security

364
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
I think there's an opportunity,

365
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
a window for change.

366
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
CA: But to make this happen,

367
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
you have to look at each part in the chain:

368
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
the police, who else?

369
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
GH: So, that's the thing about law enforcement,

370
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
it starts out with the police,

371
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
they're the front end of the sort of 
pipeline of justice

372
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
but they hand if off to the prosecutors,

373
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and the prosecutors hand it off
to the courts,

374
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and the survivors of violence 
have to be supported by social services

375
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
all the way through that,

376
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
you have to do an approach 
that pools that all together.

377
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
In the past, there's bit a little bit
of training of the courts,

378
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
but they get crappy evidence from the police,

379
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
or a little police intervention that 
has to do with narcotics or terrorism

380
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
but nothing to do with treating
the common, poor person

381
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
with excellent law enforcement,

382
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
so it's about pulling it all together,

383
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and you can actually have people
in very poor communities

384
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
experience law enforcement like us,

385
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
which is imperfect in our own experience,

386
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
but boy, is it a great thing to sense
that you can call 9-1-1

387
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
and maybe someone will protect you.

388
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
CA: Gary, I think you've done 
a spectacular job

389
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
of bringing this to the world's attention

390
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
in your book and right here today.

391
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Thanks so much.

392
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
Gary Haugen.

393
99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999
(Applause)