0:00:09.350,0:00:11.250
So I thought I'd talk about identity.

0:00:11.250,0:00:13.770
That's sort of[br]an interesting enough topic to me.

0:00:13.770,0:00:16.948
And the reason was,[br]because when I was asked to do this,

0:00:16.948,0:00:20.511
I'd just read, in one of the papers,[br]I can't remember,

0:00:20.511,0:00:23.647
something from someone[br]at Facebook saying, well,

0:00:23.647,0:00:25.894
"we need to make everybody[br]use their real names"

0:00:25.894,0:00:28.245
and then that's basically[br]all the problems solved.

0:00:28.245,0:00:29.857
And that's so wrong,

0:00:29.857,0:00:33.800
that's such a fundamentally,[br]reactionary view of identity,

0:00:33.800,0:00:35.902
and it's going to get us[br]into all sorts of trouble.

0:00:35.902,0:00:37.403
And so what I thought I'd do

0:00:37.403,0:00:41.568
is I'll explain four[br]sort of problems about it,

0:00:41.568,0:00:43.531
and then I'll suggest a solution,

0:00:43.531,0:00:45.541
which hopefully[br]you might find interesting.

0:00:45.541,0:00:47.654
So just to frame the problem,

0:00:47.654,0:00:49.244
what does authenticity mean?

0:00:49.244,0:00:53.995
That's me,[br]that's a camera phone picture of me

0:00:53.995,0:00:55.314
looking at a painting.

0:00:55.314,0:00:56.339
[What's the Problem?]

0:00:56.339,0:00:58.071
That's a painting that was painted

0:00:58.071,0:00:59.253
by a very famous forger,

0:00:59.253,0:01:01.506
and because I'm not very good[br]at presentations,

0:01:01.506,0:01:04.257
I already can't remember the name[br]that I wrote on my card.

0:01:04.257,0:01:08.133
And he was incarcerated in,[br]I think, Wakefield Prison

0:01:08.133,0:01:11.699
for forging masterpieces by,[br]I think, French Impressionists.

0:01:11.699,0:01:14.722
And he's so good at it,[br]that when he was in prison,

0:01:14.722,0:01:16.904
everybody in prison,[br]the governor and whatever,

0:01:16.904,0:01:19.341
wanted him to paint masterpieces[br]to put on the walls,

0:01:19.341,0:01:20.763
because they were so good.

0:01:20.763,0:01:22.247
And so that's a masterpiece,

0:01:22.247,0:01:23.926
which is a fake of a masterpiece,

0:01:23.926,0:01:30.439
and bonded into the canvas is a chip[br]which identifies that as a real fake,

0:01:30.439,0:01:31.971
if you see what I mean.

0:01:31.971,0:01:33.163
(Laughter)

0:01:33.163,0:01:35.406
So when we're talking about authenticity,

0:01:35.406,0:01:40.868
it's a little more fractal than it appears[br]and that's a good example to show it.

0:01:40.868,0:01:44.729
I tried to pick four problems[br]that will frame the issue properly.

0:01:44.729,0:01:46.288
So the first problem, I thought,

0:01:46.288,0:01:48.637
chip and PIN, right?

0:01:49.601,0:01:52.951
I'm guessing everyone's got[br]a chip and PIN card, right?

0:01:52.951,0:01:54.717
So why is that a good example?

0:01:54.717,0:01:58.192
That's the example of how[br]legacy thinking about identity

0:01:58.192,0:02:01.110
subverts the security[br]of a well-constructed system.

0:02:01.110,0:02:03.901
That chip and PIN card[br]that's in your pocket

0:02:03.901,0:02:07.143
has a little chip on it[br]that cost millions of pounds to develop,

0:02:07.143,0:02:08.720
is extremely secure,

0:02:08.720,0:02:10.884
you can put scanning[br]electron microscopes on it,

0:02:10.884,0:02:13.061
you can try and grind it down,[br]blah blah blah.

0:02:13.061,0:02:16.648
Those chips have never been broken,[br]whatever you read in the paper.

0:02:16.648,0:02:19.882
And for a joke,[br]we take that super-secure chip

0:02:19.882,0:02:23.396
and we bond it to a trivially[br]counterfeitable magnetic stripe

0:02:23.396,0:02:27.018
and for very lazy criminals,[br]we still emboss the card.

0:02:27.018,0:02:30.525
So if you're a criminal in a hurry[br]and you need to copy someone's card,

0:02:30.525,0:02:33.626
you can just stick a piece of paper on it[br]and rub a pencil over it

0:02:33.626,0:02:35.209
just to sort of speed things up.

0:02:35.209,0:02:37.705
And even more amusingly,[br]and on my debit card too,

0:02:37.705,0:02:41.166
we print the name and the SALT code[br]and everything else on the front too.

0:02:41.166,0:02:43.435
Why?

0:02:43.435,0:02:47.544
There is no earthly reason why your name[br]is printed on a chip and PIN card.

0:02:47.544,0:02:49.179
And if you think about it,

0:02:49.179,0:02:52.297
it's even more insidious and perverse[br]than it seems at first.

0:02:52.297,0:02:54.111
Because the only people that benefit

0:02:54.111,0:02:56.685
from having the name[br]on the card are criminals.

0:02:56.685,0:02:58.326
You know what your name is, right?

0:02:58.326,0:02:59.227
(Laughter)

0:02:59.227,0:03:01.479
And when you go into[br]a shop and buy something,

0:03:01.479,0:03:03.816
it's a PIN, he doesn't care[br]what the name is.

0:03:03.816,0:03:07.043
The only place where you ever have[br]to write your name on the back

0:03:07.043,0:03:08.366
is in America at the moment.

0:03:08.366,0:03:09.866
And whenever I go to America,

0:03:09.866,0:03:12.659
and I have to pay with a mag stripe[br]on the back of the card,

0:03:12.659,0:03:15.818
I always sign it Carlos Tethers anyway,[br]just as a security mechanism,

0:03:15.818,0:03:17.837
because if a transaction[br]ever gets disputed,

0:03:17.837,0:03:21.470
and it comes back and it says Dave Birch,[br]I know it must have been a criminal,

0:03:21.470,0:03:23.743
because I would never sign it Dave Birch.

0:03:23.758,0:03:25.213
(Laughter)

0:03:25.213,0:03:27.239
So if you drop your card in the street,

0:03:27.239,0:03:29.501
it means a criminal[br]can pick it up and read it.

0:03:29.501,0:03:31.986
They know the name,[br]from it they can find the address,

0:03:31.986,0:03:34.126
and then they can[br]go off and buy stuff online.

0:03:34.126,0:03:36.272
Why do we put the name on the card?

0:03:36.272,0:03:39.991
Because we think identity[br]is something to do with names,

0:03:39.991,0:03:43.686
and because we're rooted[br]in the idea of the identity card,

0:03:43.686,0:03:44.802
which obsesses us.

0:03:44.802,0:03:47.486
And I know it crashed and burned[br]a couple of years ago,

0:03:47.486,0:03:51.953
but if you're someone in politics[br]or the home office or whatever,

0:03:51.953,0:03:53.171
and you think about identity,

0:03:53.171,0:03:56.459
you can only think of identity in terms[br]of cards with names on them.

0:03:56.459,0:03:59.719
And that's very subversive[br]in a modern world.

0:03:59.719,0:04:01.975
So the second example I thought I'd use

0:04:01.975,0:04:03.617
is chatrooms.

0:04:03.617,0:04:04.845
[Chatrooms and Children]

0:04:04.845,0:04:07.035
I'm very proud of that picture,[br]that's my son

0:04:07.035,0:04:11.111
playing in his band with his friends[br]for the first-ever gig,

0:04:11.111,0:04:13.080
I believe you call it, where he got paid.

0:04:13.080,0:04:13.867
(Laughter)

0:04:13.867,0:04:15.745
And I love that picture.

0:04:15.745,0:04:18.141
I like the picture of him[br]getting into medical school a lot better,

0:04:18.141,0:04:19.211
(Laughter)

0:04:19.211,0:04:21.324
I like that picture for the moment.

0:04:21.324,0:04:22.669
Why do I use that picture?

0:04:22.669,0:04:27.388
Because that was very interesting,[br]watching that experience as an old person.

0:04:27.388,0:04:28.831
So him and his friends,

0:04:28.831,0:04:31.709
they get together, they booked a room,[br]like a church hall,

0:04:31.709,0:04:33.779
and they got all their friends[br]who had bands,

0:04:33.779,0:04:36.568
and they got them together,[br]and they do it all on Facebook,

0:04:36.568,0:04:39.853
and then they sell tickets,[br]and the first band on the -

0:04:39.853,0:04:41.353
I was going to say "menu,"

0:04:41.353,0:04:43.832
that's probably the wrong word for it,[br]isn't it?

0:04:43.832,0:04:45.643
The first band on the list of bands

0:04:45.643,0:04:49.645
that appears at some[br]public music performance of some kind

0:04:49.645,0:04:52.019
gets the sales from the first 20 tickets,

0:04:52.019,0:04:53.839
then the next band gets the next 20,

0:04:53.839,0:04:54.825
and so on.

0:04:54.825,0:04:56.581
They were at the bottom of the menu,

0:04:56.581,0:04:59.039
they were like fifth,[br]I thought they had no chance.

0:04:59.039,0:05:00.991
He actually got 20 quid.[br]Fantastic, right?

0:05:00.991,0:05:03.038
But my point is,[br]that all worked perfectly,

0:05:03.038,0:05:05.419
except on the web.

0:05:05.419,0:05:07.612
So they're sitting on Facebook,

0:05:07.612,0:05:10.478
and they're sending these messages[br]and arranging things

0:05:10.478,0:05:12.797
and they don't know who anybody is, right?

0:05:12.797,0:05:14.938
That's the big problem[br]we're trying to solve.

0:05:14.938,0:05:16.885
If only they were using the real names.

0:05:16.885,0:05:19.556
Then you wouldn't be worried[br]about them on the internet.

0:05:19.556,0:05:21.011
And so when he says to me,

0:05:21.011,0:05:24.697
"oh, I want to go to a chatroom[br]to talk about guitars" or something,

0:05:24.697,0:05:27.946
I'm like, "oh, well,[br]I don't want you to go into a chatroom

0:05:27.946,0:05:31.304
to talk about guitars, because[br]they might not all be your friends,

0:05:31.304,0:05:33.737
and some of the people[br]that are in the chatroom

0:05:33.737,0:05:37.124
might be perverts and teachers[br]and vicars."

0:05:37.124,0:05:38.949
(Laughter)

0:05:38.949,0:05:41.871
I mean, they generally are,[br]when you look in the paper, right?

0:05:41.871,0:05:44.934
So I want to know who[br]all the people in the chatroom are.

0:05:44.934,0:05:46.727
So okay, you can go in the chatroom,

0:05:46.727,0:05:49.755
but only if everybody in the chatroom[br]is using their real names,

0:05:49.755,0:05:54.062
and they submit full copies[br]of their police report.

0:05:54.062,0:05:57.818
But of course, if anybody in the chatroom[br]asked for his real name, I'd say no.

0:05:57.818,0:05:59.694
You can't give them your real name.

0:05:59.694,0:06:02.264
Because what happens[br]if they turn out to be perverts,

0:06:02.264,0:06:04.481
and teachers and whatever.

0:06:04.481,0:06:06.568
So you have this odd sort of paradox

0:06:06.568,0:06:08.759
where I'm happy for him[br]to go into this space

0:06:08.759,0:06:10.809
if I know who everybody else is,

0:06:10.809,0:06:13.172
but I don't want anybody else[br]to know who he is.

0:06:13.172,0:06:15.578
And so you get this sort of logjam[br]around identity

0:06:15.578,0:06:17.964
where you want full disclosure[br]from everybody else,

0:06:17.964,0:06:19.419
but not from yourself.

0:06:19.419,0:06:21.496
And there's no progress, we get stuck.

0:06:21.496,0:06:23.879
And so the chatroom thing[br]doesn't work properly,

0:06:23.879,0:06:26.961
and it's a very bad way[br]of thinking about identity.

0:06:26.961,0:06:29.896
So on my RSS feed,[br]I saw this thing about -

0:06:29.896,0:06:32.464
I just said something bad[br]about my RSS feed, didn't I?

0:06:32.464,0:06:34.247
I should stop saying it like that.

0:06:34.247,0:06:36.140
For some random reason,[br]I can't imagine,

0:06:36.140,0:06:38.586
something about cheerleaders[br]turned up in my inbox.

0:06:38.586,0:06:41.777
I read this story about cheerleaders,[br]and it's a fascinating story.

0:06:41.777,0:06:43.890
This happened a couple of years ago[br]in the U.S.

0:06:43.890,0:06:46.802
There were some cheerleaders[br]in a team at a high school

0:06:46.802,0:06:49.185
in the U.S., and they said mean things

0:06:49.185,0:06:50.731
about their cheerleading coach,

0:06:50.731,0:06:52.982
as I'm sure kids do[br]about all of their teachers

0:06:52.982,0:06:53.909
all of the time,

0:06:53.909,0:06:56.599
and somehow the cheerleading coach[br]found out about this.

0:06:56.599,0:06:57.823
She was very upset.

0:06:57.823,0:06:59.990
And so she went to one of the girls,[br]and said,

0:06:59.990,0:07:02.042
"you have to give me[br]your Facebook password."

0:07:02.042,0:07:04.783
I read this all the time,[br]where even at some universities

0:07:04.783,0:07:06.159
and places of education,

0:07:06.159,0:07:08.648
kids are forced to hand over[br]their Facebook passwords.

0:07:08.648,0:07:10.771
You've got to give them[br]your Facebook password.

0:07:10.771,0:07:11.954
She was a kid!

0:07:11.954,0:07:14.762
What she should have said is,[br]"my lawyer will be calling you

0:07:14.762,0:07:16.006
first thing in the morning.

0:07:16.006,0:07:19.329
It's an outrageous imposition[br]on my 4th Amendment right to privacy,

0:07:19.329,0:07:21.885
and you're going to be sued[br]for all the money you've got."

0:07:21.885,0:07:23.127
She should have said that.

0:07:23.127,0:07:25.466
But she's a kid,[br]so she hands over the password.

0:07:25.466,0:07:27.166
The teacher can't log into Facebook,

0:07:27.166,0:07:29.568
because the school[br]has blocked access to Facebook.

0:07:29.568,0:07:32.291
So the teacher can't log into Facebook[br]until she gets home.

0:07:32.291,0:07:34.639
So the girl tells her friends,[br]guess what happened?

0:07:34.639,0:07:36.301
The teacher logged in, she knows.

0:07:36.301,0:07:39.152
So the girls just all logged into Facebook[br]on their phones,

0:07:39.152,0:07:40.474
and deleted their profiles.

0:07:40.474,0:07:43.119
So when the teacher logged in,[br]there was nothing there.

0:07:43.119,0:07:47.341
My point is, those identities,[br]they don't think about them the same way.

0:07:47.341,0:07:51.070
Identity is, especially[br]when you're a teenager, a fluid thing.

0:07:51.070,0:07:52.675
You have lots of identities.

0:07:52.675,0:07:54.925
And you can have an identity,[br]you don't like it,

0:07:54.925,0:07:58.547
because it's subverted in some way,[br]or it's insecure, or it's inappropriate,

0:07:58.547,0:08:00.603
you just delete it and get another one.

0:08:00.603,0:08:03.780
The idea that you have an identity[br]that's given to you by someone,

0:08:03.780,0:08:05.126
the government or whatever,

0:08:05.126,0:08:08.255
and you have to stick with that identity[br]and use it in all places,

0:08:08.255,0:08:09.653
that's absolutely wrong.

0:08:09.653,0:08:12.625
Why would you want to really know[br]who someone was on Facebook,

0:08:12.625,0:08:15.555
unless you wanted to abuse them[br]and harass them in some way?

0:08:15.555,0:08:17.358
And it just doesn't work properly.

0:08:17.358,0:08:19.522
And my fourth example[br]is there are some cases

0:08:19.522,0:08:21.765
where you really want to be -

0:08:21.765,0:08:25.335
In case you're wondering,[br]that's me at the G20 protest.

0:08:25.335,0:08:29.011
I wasn't actually at the G20 protest,[br]but I had a meeting at a bank

0:08:29.011,0:08:32.443
on the day of the G20 protest,[br]and I got an email from the bank

0:08:32.443,0:08:36.880
saying please don't wear a suit,[br]because it'll inflame the protestors.

0:08:36.880,0:08:38.779
I look pretty good in a suit, frankly,

0:08:38.779,0:08:42.620
so you can see why it would drive them[br]into an anti-capitalist frenzy. (Laughter)

0:08:42.620,0:08:43.833
So I thought, well, look.

0:08:43.833,0:08:46.552
If I don't want to inflame the protestors,

0:08:46.552,0:08:49.045
the obvious thing to do[br]is go dressed as a protestor.

0:08:49.045,0:08:50.942
So I went dressed completely in black,

0:08:50.942,0:08:53.620
you know, with a black balaclava,[br]I had black gloves on,

0:08:53.620,0:08:55.924
but I've taken them off[br]to sign the visitor's book.

0:08:55.924,0:08:58.052
I'm wearing black trousers, black boots,

0:08:58.052,0:08:59.798
I'm dressed completely in black.

0:08:59.798,0:09:02.542
I go into the bank at 10 o'clock,[br]go, "Hi, I'm Dave Birch,

0:09:02.542,0:09:04.553
I've got a 3 o'clock[br]with so and so there."

0:09:04.553,0:09:07.020
Sure. They sign me in.[br]There's my visitor's badge.

0:09:07.020,0:09:07.976
(Laughter)

0:09:07.976,0:09:09.294
So this nonsense

0:09:09.294,0:09:12.308
about you've got to have real names[br]on Facebook and whatever,

0:09:12.308,0:09:14.093
that gets you that kind of security.

0:09:14.093,0:09:18.102
That gets you security theater,[br]where there's no actual security,

0:09:18.102,0:09:21.440
but people are sort of playing parts[br]in a play about security.

0:09:21.440,0:09:23.545
And as long as everybody learns[br]their lines,

0:09:23.545,0:09:24.411
everyone's happy.

0:09:24.411,0:09:26.965
But it's not real security.

0:09:26.965,0:09:30.207
Especially because I hate banks[br]more than the G20 protestors do,

0:09:30.207,0:09:31.392
because I work for them.

0:09:31.392,0:09:34.219
I know that things are actually worse[br]than these guys think.

0:09:34.219,0:09:35.992
(Laughter)

0:09:37.582,0:09:42.676
But suppose I worked[br]next to somebody in a bank

0:09:42.676,0:09:45.610
who was doing something.

0:09:46.121,0:09:48.790
Those people[br]who take the money from banks...

0:09:50.171,0:09:52.323
traders - that's who I was thinking of.

0:09:52.323,0:09:54.633
Suppose I was sitting[br]next to a rogue trader,

0:09:54.644,0:09:56.931
and I want to report it[br]to the boss of the bank.

0:09:56.931,0:09:59.253
So I log on[br]to do a little bit of whistleblowing.

0:09:59.253,0:10:01.328
I send a message,[br]this guy's a rogue trader.

0:10:01.328,0:10:02.626
That message is meaningless

0:10:02.626,0:10:05.574
if you don't know[br]that I'm a trader at the bank.

0:10:05.574,0:10:07.574
If that message just comes from anybody,

0:10:07.574,0:10:10.160
it has zero information value.

0:10:10.160,0:10:12.629
There's no point in sending that message.

0:10:14.173,0:10:16.940
But if I have to prove who I am,

0:10:16.940,0:10:18.411
I'll never send that message.

0:10:18.411,0:10:22.198
It's just like the nurse in the hospital[br]reporting the drunk surgeon.

0:10:22.198,0:10:25.119
That message will only happen[br]if I'm anonymous.

0:10:25.119,0:10:29.611
So the system has to have ways[br]of providing anonymity there,

0:10:29.611,0:10:31.861
otherwise we don't get[br]where we want to get to.

0:10:31.861,0:10:34.843
So four issues.[br]So what are we going to do about it?

0:10:34.843,0:10:38.636
Well, what we tend to do about it

0:10:39.530,0:10:41.918
is we think about Orwell space.

0:10:41.918,0:10:45.064
And we try to make electronic versions

0:10:45.064,0:10:47.371
of the identity card[br]that we got rid of in 1953.

0:10:47.371,0:10:50.128
So we think if we had a card,

0:10:50.128,0:10:51.467
call it a Facebook login,

0:10:51.467,0:10:52.764
which proves who you are,

0:10:52.764,0:10:55.815
and I make you carry it all the time,[br]that solves the problem.

0:10:55.815,0:10:58.471
And of course, for all those reasons[br]I've just outlined,

0:10:58.471,0:11:01.313
it doesn't, and it might, actually,[br]make some problems worse.

0:11:01.313,0:11:03.998
The more times you're forced[br]to use your real identity,

0:11:03.998,0:11:05.898
certainly in transactional terms,

0:11:05.898,0:11:08.808
the more likely that identity[br]is to get stolen and subverted.

0:11:08.808,0:11:11.034
The goal is to stop people[br]from using identity

0:11:11.034,0:11:13.101
in transactions which don't need identity,

0:11:13.101,0:11:15.220
which is actually almost all transactions.

0:11:15.220,0:11:17.217
Almost all of the transactions you do

0:11:17.217,0:11:18.575
are not, who are you?

0:11:18.575,0:11:20.709
They're, are you allowed to drive the car,

0:11:20.709,0:11:24.057
are you allowed in the building,[br]are you over 18, etcetera, etcetera.

0:11:25.162,0:11:27.060
So my suggestion - I, like James,

0:11:27.060,0:11:29.980
think that there should be[br]a resurgence of interest in R & D.

0:11:29.980,0:11:31.746
I think this is a solvable problem.

0:11:31.746,0:11:33.346
It's something we can do about.

0:11:33.346,0:11:35.983
Naturally, in these circumstances,[br]I turn to Doctor Who.

0:11:35.983,0:11:37.833
Because in this,

0:11:37.833,0:11:39.782
as in so many other walks of life,

0:11:39.782,0:11:42.690
Doctor Who has already shown us[br]the answer.

0:11:42.690,0:11:43.695
So I should say,

0:11:43.695,0:11:46.026
for some of our foreign visitors,

0:11:46.026,0:11:49.880
Doctor Who is the greatest[br]living scientist in England,

0:11:49.880,0:11:51.457
(Laughter)

0:11:51.457,0:11:54.257
and a beacon of truth and enlightenment[br]to all of us.

0:11:54.257,0:11:58.099
And this is Doctor Who[br]with his psychic paper.

0:11:58.099,0:12:00.927
Come on, you guys must have seen[br]Doctor Who's psychic paper.

0:12:00.927,0:12:02.497
You're not nerds if you say yes.

0:12:02.497,0:12:04.633
Who's seen Doctor Who's psychic paper?

0:12:04.633,0:12:07.863
Oh right, you were in the library[br]the whole time studying I guess.

0:12:07.863,0:12:09.713
Is that what you're going to tell us?

0:12:09.713,0:12:11.025
Doctor Who's psychic paper

0:12:11.025,0:12:12.905
is when you hold up the psychic paper,

0:12:12.905,0:12:14.293
the person, in their brain,

0:12:14.293,0:12:16.402
sees the thing that they need to see.

0:12:16.402,0:12:18.761
So I want to show you a British passport,

0:12:18.761,0:12:21.425
I hold up the psychic paper,[br]you see a British passport.

0:12:21.425,0:12:23.063
I want to get into a party,

0:12:23.063,0:12:24.670
I hold up the psychic paper,

0:12:24.670,0:12:26.154
I show you a party invitation.

0:12:26.154,0:12:28.198
You see what you want to see.

0:12:28.198,0:12:31.417
So what I'm saying is we need[br]to make an electronic version of that,

0:12:31.417,0:12:33.610
but with one tiny, tiny change,

0:12:33.610,0:12:36.134
which is that it'll only show you[br]the British passport

0:12:36.134,0:12:37.422
if I've actually got one.

0:12:37.422,0:12:40.504
It'll only show you the party invitation[br]if I actually have one.

0:12:40.504,0:12:43.515
It will only show you that I'm over 18[br]if I actually am.

0:12:43.515,0:12:45.386
But nothing else.

0:12:45.386,0:12:49.866
So you're the bouncer at the pub,[br]you need to know that I'm over 18,

0:12:49.866,0:12:51.987
instead of showing you my driving license,

0:12:51.987,0:12:54.026
which shows you I know how to drive,

0:12:54.026,0:12:56.762
what my name is, my address,[br]all these kind of things,

0:12:56.762,0:12:58.201
I show you my psychic paper,

0:12:58.201,0:13:01.367
and all it tells you[br]is am I over 18 or not.

0:13:01.367,0:13:02.803
Right.

0:13:02.803,0:13:04.141
Is that just a pipe dream?

0:13:04.141,0:13:06.954
Of course not, otherwise[br]I wouldn't be here talking to you.

0:13:06.954,0:13:09.088
So in order to build that[br]and make it work,

0:13:09.088,0:13:11.889
I'm only going to name these things,[br]I'll not go into them,

0:13:11.889,0:13:12.866
we need a plan,

0:13:12.866,0:13:14.585
which is we're going to build this

0:13:14.585,0:13:16.601
as an infrastructure for everybody to use,

0:13:16.601,0:13:18.233
to solve all of these problems.

0:13:18.233,0:13:20.041
We're going to make a utility,

0:13:20.041,0:13:21.589
the utility has to be universal,

0:13:21.589,0:13:22.952
you can use it everywhere,

0:13:22.952,0:13:26.233
I'm just giving you little flashes[br]of the technology as we go along.

0:13:26.233,0:13:27.490
That's a Japanese ATM,

0:13:27.490,0:13:30.378
the fingerprint template[br]is stored inside the mobile phone.

0:13:30.378,0:13:32.285
So when you want to draw money out,

0:13:32.285,0:13:35.142
you put the mobile phone on the ATM,[br]and touch your finger,

0:13:35.142,0:13:37.247
your fingerprint goes through[br]to the phone,

0:13:37.247,0:13:38.967
the phone says yes, that's whoever,

0:13:38.967,0:13:40.934
and the ATM then gives you some money.

0:13:40.934,0:13:43.321
It has to be a utility[br]that you can use everywhere.

0:13:43.321,0:13:45.047
It has to be absolutely convenient,

0:13:45.047,0:13:47.884
that's me going into the pub.

0:13:47.884,0:13:50.677
All the device on the door of the pub[br]is allowed is,

0:13:50.677,0:13:54.350
is this person over 18[br]and not barred from the pub?

0:13:54.350,0:13:57.602
And so the idea is,[br]you touch your ID card to the door,

0:13:57.602,0:13:59.789
and if I am allowed in,[br]it shows my picture,

0:13:59.789,0:14:01.820
if I'm not allowed in,[br]it shows a red cross.

0:14:01.820,0:14:03.758
It doesn't disclose any other information.[br]

0:14:03.758,0:14:06.802
It has to have no special gadgets.[br]That can only mean one thing,

0:14:06.802,0:14:09.967
following on from Ross's statement,[br]which I agree with completely.

0:14:09.967,0:14:12.853
If it means no special gadgets,[br]it has to run on a mobile phone.

0:14:12.853,0:14:16.193
That's the only choice we have,[br]we have to make it work on mobile phones.

0:14:16.193,0:14:18.527
There are 6.6 billion[br]mobile phone subscriptions.

0:14:18.527,0:14:22.063
My favorite statistic of all time,[br]only 4 billion toothbrushes in the world.

0:14:22.071,0:14:23.587
That means something,

0:14:23.587,0:14:24.944
I don't know what.[br](Laughter)

0:14:24.944,0:14:26.927
I rely on our futurologists to tell me.

0:14:26.927,0:14:28.977
It has to be a utility[br]which is extensible.

0:14:28.977,0:14:31.569
So it has to be something[br]that anybody could build on.

0:14:31.569,0:14:33.960
Anybody should be able[br]to use this infrastructure,

0:14:33.960,0:14:36.234
you don't need permissions,[br]licenses, whatever,

0:14:36.234,0:14:39.021
anyone should be able[br]to write some code to do this.

0:14:40.886,0:14:42.151
You know what symmetry is,

0:14:42.151,0:14:44.498
so you don't need a picture of it.

0:14:44.498,0:14:46.148
This is how we're going to do it.

0:14:46.148,0:14:48.812
We're going to do it using phones,[br]using mobile proximity.

0:14:48.812,0:14:51.514
I'm going to suggest to you[br]the technology to implement

0:14:51.514,0:14:53.596
Doctor Who's psychic paper[br]is already here,

0:14:53.596,0:14:56.647
and if any of you have got one of the new[br]Barclay's debit cards

0:14:56.647,0:14:58.478
with the contactless interface on it,

0:14:58.478,0:15:00.218
you've already got that technology.

0:15:00.218,0:15:02.013
If you've ever been up to the big city,

0:15:02.013,0:15:03.605
and used an Oyster card at all,

0:15:03.605,0:15:04.799
does that ring any bells to anybody?

0:15:04.799,0:15:06.355
The technology already exists.

0:15:06.355,0:15:08.745
The first phones[br]that have the technology built in,

0:15:08.745,0:15:10.984
the Google Nexus, the S2,[br]the Samsung Wifi 7.9,

0:15:10.984,0:15:13.695
the first phones that have[br]the technology built into them

0:15:13.695,0:15:15.021
are already in the shops.

0:15:15.021,0:15:16.403
So the idea that the gas man

0:15:16.403,0:15:17.895
can turn up at my mom's door

0:15:17.895,0:15:20.097
and he can show my mom his phone,

0:15:20.097,0:15:21.762
and she can tap it with her phone,

0:15:21.762,0:15:24.819
and it will come up with green[br]if he really is from British Gas

0:15:24.819,0:15:25.841
and allowed in,

0:15:25.841,0:15:28.074
and it'll come up with red if he isn't.

0:15:28.074,0:15:29.741
We have the technology to do that.

0:15:29.741,0:15:30.886
And what's more,

0:15:30.886,0:15:33.821
although some of those things[br]sounded a bit counter-intuitive,

0:15:33.821,0:15:36.219
like proving I'm over 18[br]without proving who I am,

0:15:36.219,0:15:38.414
the cryptography to do that[br]not only exists,

0:15:38.414,0:15:40.623
it's extremely well-known[br]and well-understood.

0:15:40.623,0:15:43.508
Digital signatures, the blinding[br]of public key certificates,

0:15:43.508,0:15:45.802
these technologies have been around[br]for a while,

0:15:45.802,0:15:47.901
we've just had no way[br]of packaging them up.

0:15:47.901,0:15:49.541
So the technology already exists.

0:15:49.541,0:15:52.384
We know it works.

0:15:52.384,0:15:54.907
There are a few examples[br]of the technology being used

0:15:54.907,0:15:55.997
in experimental places.

0:15:55.997,0:15:57.325
That's London Fashion Week,

0:15:57.325,0:15:59.199
where we built a system with O2,

0:15:59.199,0:16:01.966
that's for the Wireless Festival[br]in Hyde Park,

0:16:01.966,0:16:03.089
you can see the persons

0:16:03.089,0:16:05.760
walking in with their VIP band,[br]it's just being checked

0:16:05.760,0:16:07.794
by the Nokia phone[br]that's reading the band.

0:16:07.794,0:16:10.762
I'm only putting those up to show you[br]these things are prosaic,

0:16:10.762,0:16:12.670
this stuff works in these environments.

0:16:12.670,0:16:14.421
They don't need to be special.

0:16:14.421,0:16:18.274
So finally, I know that you can do this,

0:16:19.499,0:16:22.403
because if you saw[br]the episode of Doctor Who,

0:16:22.403,0:16:24.303
the Easter special of Doctor Who,

0:16:24.303,0:16:27.646
where he went to Mars in a bus,

0:16:27.646,0:16:29.801
I should say again[br]for our foreign students,

0:16:29.801,0:16:31.534
that doesn't happen every episode.

0:16:31.534,0:16:33.025
This was a very special case.

0:16:33.025,0:16:35.786
So in the episode where he goes[br]to Mars in a London bus,

0:16:35.786,0:16:37.299
I can't show you the clip,

0:16:37.299,0:16:40.398
due to the outrageous restrictions[br]of Queen Anne-style copyright

0:16:40.398,0:16:41.999
by the BBC,

0:16:41.999,0:16:44.833
but in the episode where he goes[br]to Mars in a London bus,

0:16:44.833,0:16:49.089
Doctor Who is clearly shown[br]getting on to the bus

0:16:49.089,0:16:50.389
with the Oyster card reader

0:16:50.389,0:16:51.957
using his psychic paper.

0:16:51.957,0:16:54.049
Which proves that psychic paper

0:16:54.049,0:16:55.764
has an MSE interface.

0:16:55.764,0:16:57.774
Thank you very much.[br](Applause)