[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.02,0:00:12.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm here to talk about democracy.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.95,0:00:14.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the real one.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.58,0:00:17.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The one that doesn't exist at all !
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.64,0:00:21.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The one that, I think, would get us out of this mess.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.07,0:00:27.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am a teacher in Marseille, and in 2005, I started to exist.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.09,0:00:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I woke up, politically speaking, thanks to a public debate in France.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.10,0:00:36.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A referendum about a so-called "constitution" (NT: a European treaty).
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.01,0:00:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While reading it, I became angry, I found it dangerous.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.10,0:00:46.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wrote a response of about ten pages, with notes.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.14,0:00:48.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then, I published it on my website.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.09,0:00:54.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sent it to my tiny contact list, as a last-ditch attempt.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.18,0:00:57.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then, something happened and changed my life.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.100,0:01:01.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People grabbed onto it, it matched something they missed.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.08,0:01:07.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For months, I spent my nights trying to reply to them.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.11,0:01:10.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Particularly to those who didn't like me.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.72,0:01:13.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Trying to prove them wrong.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.01,0:01:21.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Little by little, newspapers took on the topic, then TV, radio…
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.72,0:01:23.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They visited me at home.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.10,0:01:27.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The site's visit counter turned like a fan!
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.65,0:01:31.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,40,000 visits per day! 12,000 emails in 2 months.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.03,0:01:35.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now I realize that it was the eyes
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.01,0:01:39.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of others staring at me that changed me.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.12,0:01:41.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Giving me incredible strength!
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.00,0:01:47.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First, positive looks expecting me not to let them down.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.07,0:01:50.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then, those who didn't like me, at all !
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.66,0:01:55.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Suspicious. Calling me an impostor, a bum, illegitimate.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.36,0:01:57.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wanted to prove them wrong.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.56,0:02:04.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All those eyes passed onto me an incredible energy.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.13,0:02:07.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It still propels me today.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.18,0:02:13.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I discovered that this was an old issue. Athenians called it "verecunia".
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.02,0:02:17.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A very interesting and essential concept.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.07,0:02:23.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For the Athenians, a good citizen was someone
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.66,0:02:27.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sensitive to what others thought about him.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.53,0:02:28.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It pushed them to virtue.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.06,0:02:34.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When others were counting on them, rewarding them by their gaze,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.13,0:02:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it gave them the will to be virtuous.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.10,0:02:42.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, when they sensed a reproving stare,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.11,0:02:47.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it encouraged them to stay within the path of virtue.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.12,0:02:49.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Indeed, it works!
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.39,0:02:53.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People who have "verecunia", are more virtuous.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.42,0:02:55.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Conversely, those who don't, are very dangerous.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.10,0:02:58.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To the point… At that brutal age…
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.93,0:03:01.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, no need to put them to death, but…
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.92,0:03:05.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we could avoid giving responsibilities to the dangerous.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.30,0:03:09.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Since 2005, I have striven working hard for… For what?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.58,0:03:13.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First, I've tried to understand the cause of social injustices.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.75,0:03:16.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've tried to find out the main cause.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.78,0:03:22.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then, I've discovered, with wonder, the brilliant ideas that founded the Athenian democracy.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.76,0:03:24.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A real democracy.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.83,0:03:28.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've analyzed many important words and turned them right side up,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.50,0:03:31.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They've been turned upside down for at least 200 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.04,0:03:36.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Finally, I've tried to imagine this work in progress.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.79,0:03:38.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't own the truth.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.74,0:03:43.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm polishing, building up and strenghening an idea.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.68,0:03:48.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I try to think of institutions, good ones,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.93,0:03:53.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which would protect us all from abuses of power.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.13,0:03:56.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I rely on good institutions to push ourselves to virtue.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.68,0:03:59.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't count on virtuous citizens.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.44,0:04:01.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We all have good and bad halves.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.07,0:04:05.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, good institutions could lead us to virtue.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.79,0:04:09.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The same way they can pull us
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.11,0:04:14.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,away from the general interest and the common good, like today.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.03,0:04:22.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To do so, I use a great method, recommended by an old doctor:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.14,0:04:24.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Herodotus (NT: Hippocrates, mistake).
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.80,0:04:27.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who was seeking the cause of causes.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.45,0:04:30.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I use this all the time.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.47,0:04:32.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why? He said:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.54,0:04:35.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For a problem, an illness,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.42,0:04:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,don't fight its effects! Obviously.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.10,0:04:39.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You won't fix anything.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.09,0:04:42.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Neither its causes!
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.39,0:04:44.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Too many factors. It's not that!
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.07,0:04:48.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Among all causes: seek the main cause.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.87,0:04:53.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At least a decisive one, one that determines the other causes.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.08,0:04:56.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the one we need!
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.13,0:04:57.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The one I'm looking for.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.50,0:05:00.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.49,0:05:05.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All my activist friends, that I've met in politics,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.42,0:05:11.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with whom I've shared battles (of course), are endlessly struggling.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.80,0:05:20.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I drew a tree showing the range of topics on which people resist.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.22,0:05:26.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm surprised to see all these fighters focusing on… very important things...
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.90,0:05:30.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But things that are only consequences.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.66,0:05:35.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't think anyone is trying to understand the cause of all of this!
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.13,0:05:38.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think I found… I could be wrong.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.57,0:05:44.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think I found a common cause to all that impotence, and injustice
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.06,0:05:48.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...where social injustice starts…
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.06,0:05:53.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think it's the lack of control over the political power,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.40,0:05:56.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that produces the impotence in the people.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.88,0:06:00.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Social injustices are there because "normal" people,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.78,0:06:03.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,don't have the power to resist.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.63,0:06:07.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All the strikers I know, these activists,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.45,0:06:09.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,spend their entire lives struggling…
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.93,0:06:12.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They don't change a thing!
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.68,0:06:13.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How come?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.02,0:06:18.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because their political impotence prevents them from taking action.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.72,0:06:22.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where does this impotence come from?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.24,0:06:27.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My analysis is that it comes from the constitution.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.36,0:06:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The text that makes elected officials
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.10,0:06:32.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not liable to annulment nor accountable.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.06,0:06:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can't choose our candidates.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.10,0:06:38.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are no referendum based on popular initiative.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.91,0:06:42.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can't decide anything through personal initiative.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.57,0:06:46.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We let money become privatized because the constitution
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.42,0:06:48.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,doesn't require it to be public.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.77,0:06:51.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Etc... No time for a detailed list.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.28,0:06:54.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, in the constitution, all our impotences are planned out.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.96,0:06:57.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It didn't happen by magic ! It's written.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.46,0:07:00.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Keep considering the root…
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.20,0:07:05.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why do all constitutions anticipate people's impotence? Worldwide.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.07,0:07:08.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It isn't a conspiracy, it can't be,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.50,0:07:12.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not every time, in every country, it's not that!
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.46,0:07:16.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A universal process must have a universal cause.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.80,0:07:20.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It seems to me that what makes bad constitutions,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.01,0:07:23.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since they plan our powerlessness, instead of our power.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.00,0:07:29.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Since they do not protect us against abuse of power, it prophesizes our impotence.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.15,0:07:32.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think it's because those who write the constitutions,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.64,0:07:34.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the authors,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.49,0:07:39.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they have a self-interest in not coming up with a good constitution.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.01,0:07:42.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not mentioning the people's power.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.76,0:07:46.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are judge and defendant, they are professional politicians.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.99,0:07:49.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This gets closer to the cause of causes.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.76,0:07:51.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not their fault, they aren't crooked.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.09,0:07:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's us who let them write it !
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.10,0:07:57.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To measure the importance of this mistake,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.14,0:08:00.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,let's remember what a constitution stands for.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.14,0:08:05.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People, us, for about 2500 years,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.36,0:08:09.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have needed to put representatives above us.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.14,0:08:13.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In order to produce and enforce the law,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.40,0:08:18.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that protects us from the arbitrary rule of the powerful.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.14,0:08:21.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, these people are very useful, of course !
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.00,0:08:25.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They establish the laws that bring peace to society.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.26,0:08:27.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, they are also very dangerous !
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.00,0:08:31.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If they start to abuse their power, serving the interests of a selected few,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.71,0:08:33.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instead of the common interest…
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.01,0:08:37.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If they abuse power by going mad,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.20,0:08:39.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,power drives them mad, systematically.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.01,0:08:44.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Uh, yes, we have known that for 2500 years ! Power drives people mad.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.89,0:08:50.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All powers tend towards abuse.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.66,0:08:52.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Always ! (said Montesquieu).
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.07,0:08:56.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like laws of physics, implacable.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.13,0:09:00.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, there is a brilliant idea to protect us from it:
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.13,0:09:01.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the constitution.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.09,0:09:06.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, what is it ? It's a text, standing above powers.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.40,0:09:10.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not to organize powers, no need for that, at all !
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.67,0:09:15.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Any citizen should know that its purpose is to weaken the powers.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.08,0:09:18.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To worry the powers.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.00,0:09:24.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In order to protect us ! Against abuse of power.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.54,0:09:27.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Wait…
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.75,0:09:32.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If representatives must fear the constitution…
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.33,0:09:35.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They mustn't write it themselves !
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.14,0:09:39.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If they do, they will establish their power and our powerlessness.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.79,0:09:42.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A child understands that.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.42,0:09:44.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The main and essential idea is:
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.86,0:09:48.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,men of power mustn't write the rules of power.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.21,0:09:52.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Don't wait for them to renounce their power, they won't, never.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.82,0:09:55.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The solution won't come from them, but from us.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.59,0:09:58.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We must forbid them to write it.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.11,0:10:01.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think this is the essential idea that we lack.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.69,0:10:05.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, in the scuffle between normal people and
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.78,0:10:09.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those who wield power at the moment. There are…
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.38,0:10:12.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oh, there is a timer there, good !
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.55,0:10:15.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are… words turned upside down.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.48,0:10:18.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First, I'm not a citizen.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.47,0:10:22.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A citizen is autonomous, voting his own laws.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.00,0:10:26.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am just a voter, I'm heteronomous.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.10,0:10:30.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm under laws written by someone else.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.61,0:10:34.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Citizens": it's taking us in with fine words.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.45,0:10:37.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We brag about it but we are nothing !
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.62,0:10:41.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What do we have in this so-called "democracy" ?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.03,0:10:43.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What rights ?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.91,0:10:48.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Take your pick of political masters who decide everything for us.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.91,0:10:53.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Selected from people we didn't even choose, the richest choose them.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.42,0:10:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, when they eventually betray us to the marrow,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.10,0:10:59.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is no way to resist !
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.44,0:11:01.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, we have freedom of speech, right.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.88,0:11:05.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But absolutely no power of constraint.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.44,0:11:09.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can jabber, if it has no effect, it's allowed.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.29,0:11:11.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If it changes anything, it's a massacre.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.00,0:11:15.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We call this democracy !? It's our fault !
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.32,0:11:19.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We should boycott these trojan words,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.41,0:11:23.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,refuse to call democracy what is in fact its strict opposite.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:23.80,0:11:27.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We feed our political impotence by allowing ourselves to call
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.93,0:11:33.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,democracy something that is the very negation of our rights.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.38,0:11:38.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we call it democracy, we can't even express the solution.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.67,0:11:41.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need democracy, but we can't express it.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.78,0:11:45.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Since the word is taken hostage by its opposite.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.12,0:11:47.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Reversing the words is genius ! Big Brother, absolutely !
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.09,0:11:51.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It didn't happen by accident.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.48,0:11:54.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was not good, at first, in 1789.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.35,0:11:57.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And didn't deteriorate later. Not at all!
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.12,0:12:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sieyès, a great thinker of the French Revolution,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.10,0:12:06.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a top dog, not a minion (NT: similar to Madison in USA), in 1789:
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.14,0:12:14.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Citizens who choose to have representatives
Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.46,0:12:21.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[...]
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.18,0:12:22.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,must give up making the law themselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.01,0:12:26.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They don't have any particular desire to impose.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.13,0:12:27.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If they were dictating wills,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.06,0:12:32.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,France wouldn't be this representative state, it would be democratic.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.25,0:12:35.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The people, I repeat (Sieyès speaking),
Dialogue: 0,0:12:35.28,0:12:40.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a non-democratic country (and France cannot be), cannot speak,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.65,0:12:43.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can only act through their representatives".
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.11,0:12:44.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He wasn't a democrat !
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.06,0:12:48.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He knew very well what a democracy was. I'll show you.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.91,0:12:52.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everyone knew, before 1789, Montesquieu, Aristote,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.14,0:12:56.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the election is aristocratic, thus, oligarchic.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.07,0:13:00.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Aristotle said it explicitly, I'll skip the quote.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.25,0:13:02.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Montesquieu as well, I'll skip it too.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:02.69,0:13:05.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Look up online, I must save time.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.20,0:13:08.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me stress out the two most important things:
Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.97,0:13:12.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for 200 years of random appointment* in Athens…
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.19,0:13:15.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,*(NT: citizens drawn from the society for responsibility)
Dialogue: 0,0:13:15.14,0:13:17.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,During which there were rich and poor.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.38,0:13:19.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK, I know they set aside slaves and women.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.08,0:13:21.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's not my point.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.07,0:13:24.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm talking about the citizens ! The citizens of that time.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.72,0:13:29.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For 200 years of random appointment, the poor governed, always.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:29.23,0:13:31.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Always !
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.49,0:13:35.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then, another historical example, no opinions, facts !
Dialogue: 0,0:13:35.92,0:13:39.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,200 years of random appointment: the poor governed.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:39.24,0:13:42.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There were rich people. But they didn't govern.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.88,0:13:48.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in a "supposedly representative government" regime,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:48.14,0:13:52.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not a democracy, for 200 years, it's always the rich who have governed.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.10,0:13:54.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Always !
Dialogue: 0,0:13:54.71,0:14:00.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Since random appointment gives power to the poor, to the 99%.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.12,0:14:03.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Since the election empowers the 1%, the ultra rich,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:04.08,0:14:08.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how long will the poor, the 99%, defend the election!?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:09.08,0:14:11.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As if it were a sacred cow !
Dialogue: 0,0:14:11.18,0:14:15.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's untenable, the poor defending the election process,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:15.94,0:14:20.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while random appointment would give them power back…
Dialogue: 0,0:14:20.60,0:14:24.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why do we value so much the election ?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:24.91,0:14:27.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not due to reason,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:27.74,0:14:30.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the facts show that it's not in our interest.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:31.01,0:14:32.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, we have myths.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:32.66,0:14:35.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The "Republican" school has taugt us, since we are toddlers:
Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.58,0:14:37.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,elections = democracy = election, etc...
Dialogue: 0,0:14:38.07,0:14:40.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Since the outset we have all believed it.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:40.40,0:14:43.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to rehab from the lies of these robbers of power.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:43.70,0:14:46.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Turn words the right side up.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:46.12,0:14:48.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are not in a democracy,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:48.72,0:14:51.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we need a random drawing system
Dialogue: 0,0:14:51.66,0:14:54.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To change things, we can't rely on those who are now in power.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:54.72,0:14:59.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To change things, we can't rely on those who have the power right now.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:00.03,0:15:02.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The solution won't come from them.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:02.81,0:15:05.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It will come from normal people, simple people.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:06.07,0:15:08.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People who don't want power.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:08.22,0:15:10.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You must know this thought of Alain.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:10.97,0:15:14.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A great thinker, I recommend him, who said:
Dialogue: 0,0:15:14.38,0:15:17.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The most visible sign of the righteous man,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:17.86,0:15:22.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that he doesn't want to govern others, at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:22.50,0:15:25.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He seeks to govern only himself.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:25.45,0:15:30.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This seals everything. In other words, the worst will govern."
Dialogue: 0,0:15:31.03,0:15:34.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If righteous people don't want to govern,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:34.58,0:15:37.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if we give power, as in representative government,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:37.87,0:15:41.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to those who want it, the worst will govern.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:41.59,0:15:46.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This despairing representative trap - Alain is right -
Dialogue: 0,0:15:46.49,0:15:50.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,might also makes us overlook righteous men.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:50.76,0:15:53.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We won't have them.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:53.20,0:15:57.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, we can escape from this trap, these pincers, I think.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:58.07,0:16:00.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With a real democracy!
Dialogue: 0,0:16:00.11,0:16:04.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By vesting power to anyone, the best of us are among "anyone",
Dialogue: 0,0:16:04.77,0:16:06.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those who don't want power.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:07.10,0:16:08.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Democracy we need !
Dialogue: 0,0:16:08.86,0:16:11.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we must want it.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:11.12,0:16:13.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Don't wait for our elected officials to want it.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:13.46,0:16:14.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They will never want it !
Dialogue: 0,0:16:15.00,0:16:17.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,True democracy would make them redondant.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:17.89,0:16:21.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Random selection in Athens meant giving away a little bit of power,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:22.06,0:16:24.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but not for long, and never twice in a row.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:24.90,0:16:27.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With many controls, but no time to explain.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:27.53,0:16:31.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Athenians were giving up a little bit of power,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:31.64,0:16:33.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to keep the power to themselves !
Dialogue: 0,0:16:34.07,0:16:37.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Randomly selected people weren't voting on the bills.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:37.23,0:16:41.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were police, justice, and enforced the law.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:41.13,0:16:43.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They prepared the bills, because the Athenians,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:44.09,0:16:46.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,couldn't prepare them in the assembly.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:46.74,0:16:51.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Representatives were weakened by random selection…
Dialogue: 0,0:16:51.75,0:16:53.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Weakened !
Dialogue: 0,0:16:53.45,0:16:57.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thus, citizens were guaranteed to remain sovereign.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:57.72,0:17:00.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Don't fear random selection, we would,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:01.01,0:17:04.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all of us, be greatly empowered through random selection.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:04.13,0:17:07.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Random selection implies that our representatives remain our servants,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:07.79,0:17:11.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and can't become our masters.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:13.00,0:17:16.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One last word…
Dialogue: 0,0:17:18.02,0:17:22.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One word…
Dialogue: 0,0:17:22.27,0:17:27.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Visit le-message.org, which was created by one of you.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:27.13,0:17:30.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think we should… Like viruses, as a grassroots movement…
Dialogue: 0,0:17:30.61,0:17:34.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- don't expect anything from the media or the powerful -
Dialogue: 0,0:17:34.69,0:17:38.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's spread the word among one another, on this principle:
Dialogue: 0,0:17:38.66,0:17:42.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"don't elect the constituent assembly, select it randomly".
Dialogue: 0,0:17:42.62,0:17:44.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everything will follow from this.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:45.08,0:17:48.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think this idea is valid for the entire world.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:49.03,0:17:52.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you for listening.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:52.91,0:17:55.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Translation: Camille Harang & Tomasz Bethell & Kévin Marceau