[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.89,0:00:04.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Don't talk to strangers."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.18,0:00:06.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have heard that phrase uttered
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.22,0:00:10.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by your friends, family, schools and the media for decades.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.53,0:00:13.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a norm. It's a social norm.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.44,0:00:15.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's a special kind of social norm,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.80,0:00:18.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it's a social norm that wants to tell us
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.33,0:00:22.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who we can relate to and who we shouldn't relate to.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.80,0:00:25.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Don't talk to strangers" says,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.30,0:00:29.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Stay from anyone who's not familiar to you.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.48,0:00:31.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stick with the people you know.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.89,0:00:34.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stick with people like you."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.86,0:00:37.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How appealing is that?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.22,0:00:40.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not really what we do, is it, when we're at our best?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.44,0:00:43.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we're at our best, we reach out to people
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.23,0:00:44.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who are not like us,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.84,0:00:47.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because when we do that, we learn from people
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.71,0:00:49.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who are not like us.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.98,0:00:54.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My phrase for this value of being with "not like us"
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.08,0:00:55.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is "strangeness,"
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.95,0:00:59.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and my point is that in today's digitally intensive world,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.85,0:01:03.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,strangers are quite frankly not the point.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.22,0:01:05.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The point that we should be worried about is,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.40,0:01:08.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how much strangeness are we getting?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.29,0:01:11.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why strangeness? Because our social relations
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.30,0:01:14.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are increasingly mediated by data,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.09,0:01:18.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and data turns our social relations into digital relations,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.65,0:01:20.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that means that our digital relations
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.100,0:01:24.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now depend extraordinarily on technology
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.80,0:01:27.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to bring to them a sense of robustness,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.72,0:01:29.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a sense of discovery,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.30,0:01:32.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a sense of surprise and unpredictability.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.57,0:01:34.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why not strangers?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.34,0:01:36.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because strangers are part of a world
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.63,0:01:38.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of really rigid boundaries.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.90,0:01:41.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They belong to a world of people I know
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.85,0:01:44.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,versus people I don't know,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.36,0:01:46.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in the context of my digital relations,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.84,0:01:50.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm already doing things with people I don't know.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.86,0:01:54.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The question isn't whether or not I know you.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.08,0:01:56.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The question is, what can I do with you?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.59,0:01:59.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What can I learn with you?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.20,0:02:03.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What can we do together that benefits us both?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.50,0:02:05.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I spend a lot of time thinking about
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.86,0:02:08.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how the social landscape is changing,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.62,0:02:11.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how new technologies create new constraints
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.09,0:02:13.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and new opportunities for people.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.88,0:02:16.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The most important changes facing us today
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.53,0:02:19.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have to do with data and what data is doing
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.34,0:02:21.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to shape the kinds of digital relations
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.44,0:02:23.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that will be possible for us in the future.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.91,0:02:26.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The economies of the future depend on that.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.14,0:02:29.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our social lives in the future depend on that.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.06,0:02:32.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The threat to worry about isn't strangers.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.09,0:02:34.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The threat to worry about is whether or not
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.20,0:02:37.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're getting our fair share of strangeness.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.19,0:02:39.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, 20th-century psychologists and sociologists
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.79,0:02:41.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were thinking about strangers,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.94,0:02:44.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they weren't thinking so dynamically about human relations,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.68,0:02:46.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they were thinking about strangers
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.04,0:02:48.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the context of influencing practices.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.100,0:02:51.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stanley Milgram from the '60s and '70s,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.75,0:02:53.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the creator of the small-world experiments,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.73,0:02:56.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which became later popularized as six degrees of separation,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.69,0:03:00.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,made the point that any two arbitrarily selected people
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.20,0:03:03.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were likely connected from between five to seven intermediary steps.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.92,0:03:06.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His point was that strangers are out there.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.95,0:03:08.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can reach them. There are paths
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.52,0:03:11.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that enable us to reach them.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.21,0:03:14.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mark Granovetter, Stanford sociologist, in 1973
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.98,0:03:17.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in his seminal essay "The Strength of Weak Ties,"
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.78,0:03:20.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,made the point that these weak ties
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.60,0:03:23.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are a part of our networks, these strangers,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.09,0:03:26.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are actually more effective at diffusing information to us
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.08,0:03:30.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than are our strong ties, the people closest to us.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.62,0:03:34.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He makes an additional indictment of our strong ties
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.11,0:03:36.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when he says that these people who are so close to us,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.74,0:03:38.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these strong ties in our lives,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.68,0:03:42.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually have a homogenizing effect on us.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.10,0:03:44.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They produce sameness.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.94,0:03:47.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My colleagues and I at Intel have spent the last few years
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.78,0:03:50.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,looking at the ways in which digital platforms
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.39,0:03:52.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are reshaping our everyday lives,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.26,0:03:54.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what kinds of new routines are possible.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.88,0:03:56.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've been looking specifically at the kinds
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.18,0:03:58.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of digital platforms that have enabled us
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.89,0:04:02.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to take our possessions, those things that used to be
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.02,0:04:05.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very restricted to us and to our friends in our houses,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.14,0:04:08.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to make them available to people we don't know.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.97,0:04:11.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whether it's our clothes, whether it's our cars,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.69,0:04:14.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether it's our bikes, whether it's our books or music,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.31,0:04:17.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are able to take our possessions now
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.31,0:04:20.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and make them available to people we've never met.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.74,0:04:23.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we concluded a very important insight,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.55,0:04:25.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was that as people's relationships
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.34,0:04:27.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the things in their lives change,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.88,0:04:31.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so do their relations with other people.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.32,0:04:32.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And yet recommendation system
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.73,0:04:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after recommendation system continues to miss the boat.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.00,0:04:39.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It continues to try to predict what I need
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.55,0:04:42.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,based on some past characterization of who I am,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.79,0:04:45.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of what I've already done.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.09,0:04:47.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Security technology after security technology
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.59,0:04:49.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,continues to design data protection
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.77,0:04:52.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in terms of threats and attacks,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.17,0:04:55.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,keeping me locked into really rigid kinds of relations.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.77,0:04:58.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Categories like "friends" and "family"
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.26,0:05:00.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and "contacts" and "colleagues"
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.74,0:05:04.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,don't tell me anything about my actual relations.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.53,0:05:06.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A more effective way to think about my relations
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.77,0:05:09.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,might be in terms of closeness and distance,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.46,0:05:13.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where at any given point in time, with any single person,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.28,0:05:16.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am both close and distant from that individual,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.78,0:05:21.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all as a function of what I need to do right now.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.28,0:05:23.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People aren't close or distant.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.92,0:05:26.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People are always a combination of the two,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.98,0:05:30.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that combination is constantly changing.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.70,0:05:33.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if technologies could intervene
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.14,0:05:37.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to disrupt the balance of certain kinds of relationships?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.12,0:05:39.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if technologies could intervene
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.08,0:05:43.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to help me find the person that I need right now?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.49,0:05:45.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Strangeness is that calibration
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.92,0:05:48.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of closeness and distance
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.14,0:05:52.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that enables me to find the people that I need right now,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.04,0:05:55.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that enables me to find the sources of intimacy,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.03,0:05:59.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of discovery, and of inspiration that I need right now.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.68,0:06:01.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Strangeness is not about meeting strangers.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.98,0:06:04.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It simply makes the point that we need
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.18,0:06:07.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to disrupt our zones of familiarity.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.46,0:06:11.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So jogging those zones of familiarity is one way to think about strangeness,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.12,0:06:13.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's a problem faced not just by individuals today,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.82,0:06:16.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also by organizations,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.05,0:06:20.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,organizations that are trying to embrace massively new opportunities.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.58,0:06:22.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whether you're a political party
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.68,0:06:25.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,insisting to your detriment on a very rigid notion
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.55,0:06:27.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of who belongs and who does not,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.94,0:06:29.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether you're the government
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.43,0:06:32.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,protecting social institutions like marriage
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.13,0:06:36.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and restricting access of those institutions to the few,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.02,0:06:38.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether you're a teenager in her bedroom
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.43,0:06:41.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who's trying to jostle her relations with her parents,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.62,0:06:44.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,strangeness is a way to think about how we pave the way
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.78,0:06:47.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to new kinds of relations.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.25,0:06:50.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have to change the norms.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.61,0:06:53.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have to change the norms in order to enable
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.64,0:06:55.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,new kinds of technologies
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.58,0:06:58.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a basis for new kinds of businesses.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.37,0:07:02.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What interesting questions lie ahead for us
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.10,0:07:04.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in this world of no strangers?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.77,0:07:08.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How might we think differently about our relations with people?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.58,0:07:11.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How might we think differently about our relations
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.70,0:07:13.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with distributed groups of people?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.79,0:07:18.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How might we think differently about our relations with technologies,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.23,0:07:21.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,things that effectively become social participants
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.24,0:07:23.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in their own right?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.31,0:07:27.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The range of digital relations is extraordinary.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.13,0:07:31.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the context of this broad range of digital relations,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.68,0:07:34.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,safely seeking strangeness might very well be
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.66,0:07:36.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a new basis for that innovation.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.93,0:07:38.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.40,0:07:43.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)