1
00:00:09,205 --> 00:00:11,195
"Kechirasiz, telefonimni quvvati tugadi".

2
00:00:11,195 --> 00:00:13,494
"Jiddiy narsa yo'q. Hammasi yaxshi".

3
00:00:13,494 --> 00:00:16,847
"Qo'yilgan ayblovlar mutlaqo asossiz".

4
00:00:16,847 --> 00:00:20,799
"Kompaniya boshliqlari bu 
qonunbuzarliklardan bexabar edi".

5
00:00:20,799 --> 00:00:23,543
"Men seni sevaman".

6
00:00:23,543 --> 00:00:26,656
Biz yolg'on bilan har kuni 10 dan
200 martagacha yuzlanamiz,

7
00:00:26,656 --> 00:00:30,022
va yolg'onni aniqlash yo'llarini

8
00:00:30,022 --> 00:00:32,700
topish uchun ancha vaqt ketkazamiz:

9
00:00:32,700 --> 00:00:36,042
O'rta asr tergov va qiynash 
qurollaridan tortib, poligraflar

10
00:00:36,042 --> 00:00:38,725
ovoz va nafas olishni 
analiz qiladigan mashinalar,

11
00:00:38,725 --> 00:00:42,324
200 kg dan iborat miya biotoklarini 
yozuvchi uskunalargacha.

12
00:00:42,324 --> 00:00:45,296
Shunga qaramay, bunday uskunalar ma'lum bir
sharoyitda ishlaydi

13
00:00:45,296 --> 00:00:48,156
va ko'pchiliklarini hattoki aldash 
ham mumkin, va ularni sud

14
00:00:48,156 --> 00:00:52,121
jarayoni uchun ishlatishni 
ishonchli deb bilishmaydi.

15
00:00:52,121 --> 00:00:54,665
Agar muammo bu usullarda emas, 
aldoqchilarning

16
00:00:54,665 --> 00:00:59,066
fiziologik belgilarining o'zgarishi 
borasidagi g'oyada bo'lsa-chi?

17
00:00:59,066 --> 00:01:01,071
Agar bunga to'g'ri qarasak, muloqotga

18
00:01:01,071 --> 00:01:05,146
oid bilimlarni yolg'onni analiz qilish 
uchun qo'llasak-chi?

19
00:01:05,146 --> 00:01:09,983
Biz ko'pincha o'zimizni yanada yaxshiroq 
ta'riflash uchun aldasak kerak.

20
00:01:09,983 --> 00:01:12,859
Aslida qanday bo'lishni xoxlasak 
shunday ta'riflaymiz.

21
00:01:12,859 --> 00:01:15,317
Asli holimizda qanaqa ekanligimizni emas.

22
00:01:15,317 --> 00:01:19,569
Lekin miyamiz orzu qilish bilan band 
bo'lganda, u juda ko'p signallar beradi.

23
00:01:19,569 --> 00:01:23,728
Bizning ongimiz emotsional informatsiya-
ning bor-yo'g'i 5%ini boshqaradi,

24
00:01:23,728 --> 00:01:25,288
muloqot ham shu jumladan.

25
00:01:25,288 --> 00:01:28,931
Qolgan 95%i esa ongimiz doirasidan 
tashqarida.

26
00:01:28,931 --> 00:01:31,874
Reallikni his qilish haqidagi ayrim 
adabiyotlarga ko'ra,

27
00:01:31,874 --> 00:01:34,236
tasavvurga asoslangan voqealar

28
00:01:34,236 --> 00:01:38,117
haqiqatga asoslanganlariga qaraganda 
katta farq qiladi.

29
00:01:38,117 --> 00:01:42,143
Bu shuni anglatadiki, ma'lum bir mavzuda 
yolg'onni o'ylab topish kuch talab etadi,

30
00:01:42,143 --> 00:01:45,226
va buning oqibatida boshqacha 
til modeli ishlatiladi.

31
00:01:45,226 --> 00:01:48,231
"Lingvistik matn analizi" deb nom 
olgan texnologiya

32
00:01:48,231 --> 00:01:50,955
yolg'onning ong osti tilining to'rtta 
umumiy modelini

33
00:01:50,955 --> 00:01:53,942
aniqlashga yordam berdi.

34
00:01:53,942 --> 00:01:58,497
Birinchi model: aldayotganda yolg'onchilar
o'zi haqida juda kam axborot beradi.

35
00:01:58,497 --> 00:02:02,248
Ular o'z yolg'onidan uzoqroq bo'lish 
maqsadida o'zlari haqida

36
00:02:02,248 --> 00:02:05,509
uchinchi shaxsda gapirishadi yoki 
yozishadi.

37
00:02:05,509 --> 00:02:07,158
Nima soxta eshitiladi:

38
00:02:07,158 --> 00:02:09,990
"Uyda hech qanday bazm uyushtirilmadi"

39
00:02:09,990 --> 00:02:13,178
yoki "Men bu uyda bazm uyushtirmadim"?

40
00:02:13,178 --> 00:02:15,757
Ikkinchi tomondan, yolg'onchilarda
odatda o'z yolg'oni

41
00:02:15,757 --> 00:02:19,262
sabab aybdorlik hissi uyg'onib, 
oqibatda negativ kayfiyatda bo'lishadi.

42
00:02:19,262 --> 00:02:21,422
Masalan yolg'onchi shunday deydi:

43
00:02:21,422 --> 00:02:25,613
"Kechirasiz, telefonim o'chib qolgandi. 
O'lgudek yomon ko'raman shunday qilishini"

44
00:02:25,613 --> 00:02:28,877
Uchinchidan, yolg'onchilar odatda 
hammasini juda oddiy izohlashadi.

45
00:02:28,877 --> 00:02:32,155
Bunga sabab, miyaning murakkab
yolg'on o'ylab topishdan bosh tortishi.

46
00:02:32,155 --> 00:02:33,329
Hukm yoki baho?

47
00:02:33,329 --> 00:02:36,183
Bu narsalarni miyada hisob-kitob 
qilish qiyin.

48
00:02:36,183 --> 00:02:38,678
AQSH prezidentining gaplarini eslaymiz:

49
00:02:38,678 --> 00:02:41,790
"Menda bu ayol bilan hech qanday jinsiy 
aloqa bo'lgani yo'q".

50
00:02:41,790 --> 00:02:44,683
Va, nihoyat, oddiy izohlashlarga qaramasdan,

51
00:02:44,683 --> 00:02:48,158
yolg'onchilar murakkab va oddiy bo'lmagan
gap tuzilishlarini qo'llashadi.

52
00:02:48,158 --> 00:02:49,764
Keraksiz so'zlarni ishlatib,

53
00:02:49,764 --> 00:02:53,500
ahamiyatsiz, lekin rost bo'lib ko'rinuvchi
detallarni keltirishadi.

54
00:02:53,500 --> 00:02:56,164
Boshqa prezident shov-shuvdan
keyin shunday degan:

55
00:02:56,164 --> 00:02:59,534
"Haqiqiy qidiruv-tergov ishlaridan keyin 
shuni ishontirib aytamanki,

56
00:02:59,534 --> 00:03:01,321
Oq uy ishchilaridan hech kim,

57
00:03:01,321 --> 00:03:03,700
hozirgi administratiyadan hech kimning

58
00:03:03,700 --> 00:03:06,919
bu g'alati hodisada qo'li yo'q".

59
00:03:06,919 --> 00:03:10,188
Keling lingvistik analizni mashhur 
misollar bilan ko'rib chiqamiz.

60
00:03:10,188 --> 00:03:13,444
7 karra "Tur de Frans" g'olibi 
Lens Armstrongni olaylik.

61
00:03:13,444 --> 00:03:15,397
2005-yilgi doping moddalarini

62
00:03:15,397 --> 00:03:18,274
iste'mol qilganini inkor qilgan 
intervyusi bilan

63
00:03:18,274 --> 00:03:21,212
2013-yilgi buni tan olgan 
intervyusini solishtiramiz.

64
00:03:21,212 --> 00:03:25,192
Ikkinchi intervyuda u ishlatgan shaxsiy 
olmoshlar soni 3/4 ga ortgan.

65
00:03:25,192 --> 00:03:27,859
Quyidagi ikkita gaplarni bir 
solishtirib ko'ring.

66
00:03:27,859 --> 00:03:32,170
Birinchisi: "Xa, bilasizmi, 
Parij laboratoriyasidagi yigit, kim edi,

67
00:03:32,170 --> 00:03:36,131
qandaydir Jan-Fransis, sinov uchun 
namunalar oladi.

68
00:03:36,131 --> 00:03:38,816
Keyin esa sizga gazetadan qo'ng'iroq qilib
aytishadi:

69
00:03:38,816 --> 00:03:43,129
"Biz EPO bo'yicha 6 marta ijobiy 
analiz oldik".

70
00:03:43,129 --> 00:03:45,028
Ikkinchisi: "Men adashib ketdim.

71
00:03:45,028 --> 00:03:47,947
Men aminman, bu qo'lidan keladigan 
odamlar topiladi, lekin

72
00:03:47,947 --> 00:03:49,728
bu aniq meni qo'limdan kelmaydi.

73
00:03:49,728 --> 00:03:52,750
Men hayotimda hamma narsani 
boshqarishga odatlanganman.

74
00:03:52,750 --> 00:03:55,412
Va men hayotimdagi har bir natijani 
boshqarganman."

75
00:03:55,412 --> 00:03:58,318
Armstrong inkor qilayotib tahminiy 
bir holatni tasvirlaydi,

76
00:03:58,318 --> 00:04:00,321
uyam bo'lsa boshqa bir shaxsga qaratilgan,

77
00:04:00,321 --> 00:04:03,003
o'zini to'liq chetda qoldirgan holda.

78
00:04:03,003 --> 00:04:04,980
Tan olayotib esa u o'zi haqda gapiradi

79
00:04:04,980 --> 00:04:08,609
va shaxsiy hissiyotlari va motivatsiyasiga
berilib ketadi.

80
00:04:08,609 --> 00:04:12,576
Lekin shaxs olmoshlari ishlatilish tartibi
ham yolg'on ko'rsatuvchi indikatordir.

81
00:04:12,576 --> 00:04:14,909
AQSH prezidentligiga da'vogar 
sobiq senator

82
00:04:14,909 --> 00:04:17,984
Jon Edvardsning ham nutqini ko'rib 
chiqamiz:

83
00:04:17,984 --> 00:04:20,662
"Menga faqat bolaning otasi
deyilayotgan inson go'dakning

84
00:04:20,662 --> 00:04:22,678
otasi u ekanini tan olgani ma'lum.

85
00:04:22,678 --> 00:04:24,816
Men shuningdek, ayolga yoki
go'dakning otasiga

86
00:04:24,816 --> 00:04:27,442
qo'yilgan talab yoki to'lov bilan bog'liq
bo'lgan,

87
00:04:27,442 --> 00:04:31,957
shu kabi hech qanday biror harakatlarda 
qatnashmadim".

88
00:04:31,957 --> 00:04:36,420
Bu yerda nafaqat "Bola meniki emas" gapi-
ning chalkash bir ko'rinishini ko'ryapmiz,

89
00:04:36,420 --> 00:04:39,330
bunda Edvards boshqalarni biror marta ham 
ismlari bilan

90
00:04:39,330 --> 00:04:43,163
aytmasdan, "go'dak", "ayol", 
"taxminiy ota" so'zlarini ishlatdi.

91
00:04:43,163 --> 00:04:46,216
Endi esa oxiri qanday holatda tan olganini
ko'ramiz:

92
00:04:46,216 --> 00:04:47,767
"Men Quinning otasiman.

93
00:04:47,767 --> 00:04:50,048
Men unga u loyiq bo'lgan mehrni
va yordamni

94
00:04:50,048 --> 00:04:52,967
berish uchun kelgan hamma ishni qilaman.

95
00:04:52,967 --> 00:04:54,768
Gaplar qisqa va aniq.

96
00:04:54,768 --> 00:04:58,327
Go'dak ismi bilan aytilyapti, uning 
hayotidagi roli nazarda tutilgan.

97
00:04:58,327 --> 00:05:01,558
Xo'sh, bu metodlarni hayotda 
qanday qo'llasa bo'ladi?

98
00:05:01,558 --> 00:05:05,219
Birinchidan, hayotda biz eshitadigan 
yolg'onlar

99
00:05:05,219 --> 00:05:09,844
misollarda keltirilgan yolg'onlarga 
nisbatan ancha zararsiz va jiddiy emas.

100
00:05:09,844 --> 00:05:12,528
Qaysi belgilar yolg'onni fosh etib 
qo'yadi:

101
00:05:12,530 --> 00:05:15,702
o'zi haqida kam gapirish, 
nutqdagi negativ ton,

102
00:05:15,702 --> 00:05:20,084
oddiy ta'riflar va murakkab iboralar.

103
00:05:20,084 --> 00:05:23,130
Bu sizni katta narxlarda arzon aksiyalarni
sotib olmaslikdan,

104
00:05:23,130 --> 00:05:26,200
sifatsiz mahsulot sotib olishdan,
yomon munosabatlardan saqlaydi.