[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:02.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我們來看看其他
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.64,0:00:05.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,組分原子或分子的氧化態
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.49,0:00:11.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那麽假設有氧化鎂(MgO)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.84,0:00:14.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,氧化鎂MgO
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.57,0:00:16.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我用不同的顏色表示氧
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.58,0:00:18.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那麽它們的氧化態是什麽？
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.98,0:00:20.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,你可能已經知道了
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.20,0:00:21.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,但還是來看看元素周期表吧
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.58,0:00:23.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,因爲再熟悉一下也無傷大雅
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.72,0:00:24.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,呐 鎂(Mg)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.74,0:00:27.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,鎂有兩個價電子
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.94,0:00:29.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,它是第二主族元素
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.26,0:00:32.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,它很樂意抛棄這兩個電子
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.29,0:00:34.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,而氧(O) 地球人都知道
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.13,0:00:36.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,它是電負度最強的原子之一
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.98,0:00:38.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,它電負度太強了
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.49,0:00:42.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,以致於“氧化”都是以氧命名的
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.13,0:00:45.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,然後我們知道氧喜歡得到兩個電子
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.64,0:00:47.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以這簡直是天作之合
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.74,0:00:49.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,這玩意兒想丟掉兩個電子
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.35,0:00:51.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,而這玩意兒想得到兩個
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.01,0:00:53.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那麽接下來會怎麽樣？
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.98,0:00:57.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,鎂會失去兩個電子
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.35,0:00:58.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,它本來是中性的
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.93,0:01:03.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那麽假設它會帶上2單位正電荷
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.12,0:01:06.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,然後 氧就帶上2單位負電荷了
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.81,0:01:08.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,因爲它拿走那兩個電子了
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.00,0:01:13.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以在氧化鎂分子裏
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.43,0:01:17.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,鎂的氧化態是+2
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.63,0:01:22.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,而氧的氧化態是-2
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.57,0:01:25.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我們現在來做難一點的
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.80,0:01:34.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,假設是氫氧化鎂 Mg(OH)2
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.61,0:01:40.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,氫氧根是(OH)2
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.81,0:01:45.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,這裡氫氧根有兩個
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.07,0:01:49.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,好啦 我的思路還是… 嗯
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.20,0:01:52.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,鎂很樂意失去它的電子 兩個電子
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.64,0:01:54.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,這樣它就會帶上正電
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.82,0:01:57.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,這種假設下它的價態是正的
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.13,0:01:59.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那麽我的思路是
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.32,0:02:01.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,嘿 鎂是+2
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.10,0:02:02.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我先寫下來
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.21,0:02:06.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,記住啦 如果這是個電中和合物
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.09,0:02:08.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,爲了使一切和諧
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.23,0:02:11.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,全部價態加起來要等於0
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.99,0:02:13.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那我們來看看行不行
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.49,0:02:14.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,呐 氧
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.93,0:02:17.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我武斷認爲它的氧化態
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.75,0:02:19.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,應該是-2
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.93,0:02:21.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那我寫下來吧
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.27,0:02:23.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,是-2
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.20,0:02:27.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,而氫 如果它和氧成鍵…
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.25,0:02:28.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,記住 這情況下 氫會先和氧
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.49,0:02:29.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,成鍵
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.96,0:02:32.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,然後一起和鎂成鍵
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.36,0:02:35.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以氫和氧成鍵
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.39,0:02:38.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,氫 如果它和鎂成鍵
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.37,0:02:39.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,你可能會覺得 噢
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.55,0:02:40.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,可能氫會拿走那兩個電子
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.64,0:02:43.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,然後它就變成負價的了
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.18,0:02:45.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,不過氫和氧成鍵的時候
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.99,0:02:47.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,它是放棄電子那個
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.55,0:02:51.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,它只有一個電子可以放棄
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.35,0:02:53.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以它是+1價
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.93,0:02:56.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,嗯… 開始你可能會說 好了
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.35,0:02:58.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我把氧化態都加起來
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.12,0:03:00.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,+2-2就是0 還有+1
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.81,0:03:03.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我就得到氧化態是+1
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.67,0:03:05.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sal 這沒道理啊
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.18,0:03:06.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,這是個電中和合物啊
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.35,0:03:08.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,你要留意的是 噢 錯了
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.09,0:03:10.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,你可是有兩個氫氧根的啊
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.27,0:03:12.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那你應該先算出
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.16,0:03:16.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,氫氧根的總氧化態
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.39,0:03:20.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那是-2+1
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.26,0:03:23.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以整個氫氧根
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.04,0:03:25.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,總共是-1價
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.56,0:03:27.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,然而你有兩個 對吧？
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.83,0:03:30.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,你這有兩個氫氧根
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.08,0:03:34.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以每個氫氧根對整個化合物的
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.71,0:03:37.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,氧化態的貢獻是-1
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.39,0:03:39.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,而這有兩個
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.47,0:03:43.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以這是-2 再加上鎂的+2
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.31,0:03:45.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,全部加起來是0
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.28,0:03:47.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,搞定了
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.08,0:03:49.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,接下來 我想順便做點別的
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.48,0:03:51.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我想重新回到某些問題上
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.42,0:03:52.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,不過我想順便講講
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.94,0:03:54.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,一些術語
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.53,0:03:57.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,因爲我已經某程度上用了“氧化態”、
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.08,0:04:00.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,“被氧化” 或者“被還原”
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.91,0:04:04.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,然而 我們講了那麽多
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.28,0:04:07.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,水解離的問題…
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.22,0:04:10.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那 2份水
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.05,0:04:12.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,反應處於平衡
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.03,0:04:20.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,生成1份的H3O+和OH-
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.11,0:04:22.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,很明顯 這些都在溶液裏
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.29,0:04:24.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,現在 先看水分子
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.36,0:04:25.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,這裡水的各個氧化態是多少？
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.99,0:04:28.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,呐 上集我們做過這個了
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.79,0:04:31.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,氧的氧化態是-2
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.05,0:04:34.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,因爲它從兩個氫那裏勾搭了兩個電子
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.14,0:04:36.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,每個氫都貢獻了1個電子
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.95,0:04:38.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以氫的氧化態是+1
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.90,0:04:40.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那麽我們來看這個分子
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.59,0:04:41.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,都加起來
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.61,0:04:43.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,因爲有兩個+1的氫
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.74,0:04:44.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以是+2
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.84,0:04:48.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,+2加上氧的-2 等於0
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.40,0:04:49.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,水是中和合物
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.64,0:04:51.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那這邊 氧化態又是多少？
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.96,0:04:56.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,也就是其中一個氫離開了它的水分子
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.43,0:05:00.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,然後粘上了另一個水分子
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.63,0:05:02.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,但它沒帶走電子
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.14,0:05:04.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以它把電子留這裡了
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.22,0:05:08.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那麽這個氧的氧化態還是-2
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.96,0:05:12.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,而這個氫還是+1
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.02,0:05:15.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以你要用-2+1
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.24,0:05:16.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,就得到-1
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.38,0:05:17.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,這次就沒問題
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.93,0:05:20.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,因爲氫氧根的確是帶負電的
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.02,0:05:22.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那這個的價態怎麽樣？
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.69,0:05:28.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,每個氫都是+1
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.19,0:05:30.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,然後這個氧是-2
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.81,0:05:34.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那麽如果你看整個離子的電荷
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.45,0:05:37.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,3個氫分別是+1 那就是+3
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.42,0:05:39.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,只是加起來了
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.80,0:05:40.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,還有-2
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.83,0:05:44.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以就是+3-2 所以整個離子是
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.90,0:05:47.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,+1價的 而事實正是如此
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.07,0:05:48.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,現在 我想問你們
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.92,0:05:52.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,有哪個原子的氧化態變了嗎？
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.88,0:05:54.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,這兒全部的氫…
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.46,0:05:58.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,或者說這兩份水的
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.14,0:06:00.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,或者是兩個水分子的
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.46,0:06:02.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那我就有4個氫了
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.14,0:06:04.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,對吧？ 而它們的氧化態都是+1
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.69,0:06:07.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,等式右邊 有4個氫
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.05,0:06:09.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,全部的氧化態都是+1
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.47,0:06:13.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那麽它們都是+1價 這個反應裏…
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.60,0:06:16.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,無論是哪個反應方向
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.50,0:06:19.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,氫都沒有被氧化
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.29,0:06:21.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,它的氧化態沒有變
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.00,0:06:26.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,可能氫在前面形成水的反應裏
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.42,0:06:27.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,被氧化了
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.85,0:06:29.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,不過這個反應裏 它沒有
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.93,0:06:31.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,同理 氧…
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.88,0:06:35.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,有兩個氧分子 是原子 這兒
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.09,0:06:37.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,每個都是-2價
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.62,0:06:39.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,這裡有兩個氧原子
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.53,0:06:41.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,每個都是-2價
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.40,0:06:43.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,對於這個反應 至少
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.66,0:06:48.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,從氧化態看 沒有電子轉手
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.23,0:06:52.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以這不是一個氧化還原反應
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.33,0:06:54.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我會在下集裏詳細地講
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.42,0:06:55.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,不過我要講清楚
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.55,0:06:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,這兒沒東西被氧化或還原
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.02,0:07:02.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,因爲它們的氧化態保持不變
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.60,0:07:08.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,因爲有時我會說 嘿 看
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.19,0:07:10.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,鎂的氧化態是+2
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.25,0:07:13.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,而氧的氧化態是-2
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.39,0:07:15.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,鎂被氧化了
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.42,0:07:16.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,它失去了兩個電子
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.98,0:07:18.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,而氧被還原
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.75,0:07:20.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,它得到了兩個電子
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.26,0:07:22.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那麽我指的是某個生成它的反應
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.93,0:07:24.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,但是也不總是這樣的
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.62,0:07:25.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,你可以假設一個
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.83,0:07:27.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,不必發生的反應
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.57,0:07:29.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,但是鎂的氧化態
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.56,0:07:30.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,一定是+2
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.94,0:07:34.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,而氧的氧化態
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.23,0:07:36.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,或者說氧化態 是-2
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.90,0:07:38.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,不過我相信我說鎂被氧化時
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.87,0:07:40.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,你懂我的意思
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.31,0:07:43.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,其實就是 鎂通過失去兩個電子
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.10,0:07:45.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,從一個中性的鎂
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.79,0:07:47.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,變成了一個帶正電的鎂
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.16,0:07:48.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以它被氧化了
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.57,0:07:52.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,接下來 我們來做些難題
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.16,0:07:53.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,過氧化氫(H2O2)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.99,0:07:56.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我已經說過幾次了
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.30,0:08:01.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,氧是趨向於變成-2價的
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.45,0:08:02.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,這個是-1
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.68,0:08:06.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我想你看出特點了 這些元素都是+1
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.35,0:08:08.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,氫是+1或-1
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.60,0:08:10.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,這些都是+2
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.57,0:08:11.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我想你明白這規律了
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.85,0:08:14.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,這就是你希望得到或失去電子
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.17,0:08:16.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,你會說 呐
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.06,0:08:19.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,水的氧通常是-2價的
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.70,0:08:21.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以這應該…
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.14,0:08:22.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,好啦
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.26,0:08:25.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,氫是+1 因爲它和水成鍵
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.20,0:08:28.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,而氧是-2
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.49,0:08:31.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,如果你這樣想 馬上就會碰到難題了
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.31,0:08:32.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,這是個中性分子…
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.77,0:08:35.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,嗯 兩個氫就是+2
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.43,0:08:36.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,兩個-2的氧
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.89,0:08:37.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,是-4
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.94,0:08:39.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以整個氧的氧化態
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.48,0:08:41.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,最終是-4
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.53,0:08:42.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,肯定不是這樣的
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.87,0:08:44.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,因爲這個不帶電
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.14,0:08:45.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,這兒就有難題了
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.80,0:08:47.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,而有難題是因爲…
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.49,0:08:50.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,如果你仔細觀察過氧化氫的結構
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.44,0:08:53.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,氧之間是成鍵的
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.57,0:08:55.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,這就是“過氧”
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.18,0:08:59.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,而每個氧又和氫成鍵
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.65,0:09:01.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以這時
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.73,0:09:03.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,特別是第一年的化學課上
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.97,0:09:07.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,過氧根 尤其是過氧化氫
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.39,0:09:08.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,趨向於當個特例
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.86,0:09:11.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,也有別的 但這個是個特例
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.41,0:09:15.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,這時氧的氧化態的確不是-2
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.37,0:09:17.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我們來看這個並算算
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.10,0:09:18.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,過氧化氫的氧的
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.61,0:09:20.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,氧化態是多少
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.09,0:09:23.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,這時 在氫氧鍵中
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.04,0:09:25.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,氧會吸電子
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.28,0:09:27.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,而氫會失去電子
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.52,0:09:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那麽氫是+1
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.02,0:09:30.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,另一邊也同理
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.06,0:09:33.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,氧 至少在這個鍵上 得到+1價
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.18,0:09:34.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,因爲它會得到一個電子
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.42,0:09:36.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那氧之間的鍵呢？
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.72,0:09:39.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,嗯… 沒理由一個氧會
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.67,0:09:41.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,吸走另一個氧的電子
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.25,0:09:43.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以這不會對它的氧化態的值
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.87,0:09:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,有任何影響
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.01,0:09:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,因此這情況下 這個氧的氧化態是-1
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.01,0:09:52.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,這個氧也是-1
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.78,0:09:59.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以每個氫的氧化態是+1
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.42,0:10:03.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我們說過氧離子中氧的氧化態是-1
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.09,0:10:05.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以總的值是0
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.75,0:10:08.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,2乘+1 加上2乘-1 等於0
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.81,0:10:10.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,這是個特例
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.69,0:10:12.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,不過熟悉它很重要
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.98,0:10:14.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我們再做一個
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.34,0:10:15.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,碳酸鐵(Ⅲ)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.85,0:10:17.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,現在第一次…
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.70,0:10:19.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我記得我們第一次遇到碳酸鐵(Ⅲ)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.98,0:10:21.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,你可能會想 呃
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.23,0:10:22.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,爲什麽這叫碳酸鐵(Ⅲ)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.97,0:10:25.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,而這兒只有兩個鐵分子
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.26,0:10:26.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,兩個鐵原子？
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.44,0:10:27.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,你馬上就會學到了
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.83,0:10:29.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我們來看看氧化態
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.43,0:10:31.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,氧的
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.42,0:10:35.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,氧的氧化態 一般是-2
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.89,0:10:38.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,是-2
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.22,0:10:40.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,現在 如果碳(C)連在氧(O)上…
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.67,0:10:42.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我們看元素周期表吧
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.55,0:10:45.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,碳和氧成鍵
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.70,0:10:48.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,碳怎麽變都行
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.52,0:10:51.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,碳 有時它喜歡貢獻電子
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.30,0:10:52.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,有時它希望得到電子
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.89,0:10:55.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,而碳和氧成鍵是
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.11,0:10:58.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,這裡可是個電子狂
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.13,0:11:01.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,如果一定要說誰奪走了電子
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.15,0:11:02.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,答案會是氧
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.68,0:11:03.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,對吧？
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.90,0:11:06.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以碳會貢獻它的電子
Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.87,0:11:09.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,不過碳能拿出幾個電子呢？
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.78,0:11:11.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,嗯 看看
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.48,0:11:14.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,它有1 2 3 4個價電子
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.01,0:11:16.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以它真正最多能
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.08,0:11:18.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,貢獻4個價電子
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.57,0:11:21.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,回到碳酸根
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.46,0:11:26.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以碳最多能
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.12,0:11:29.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,貢獻4個價電子
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.39,0:11:32.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那麽碳酸根的總的氧化態
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.42,0:11:33.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,是多少？
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.88,0:11:36.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CO3的
Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.40,0:11:38.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以這是+4價
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.79,0:11:40.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,因爲它只有4個了
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.30,0:11:42.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,如果它和氧成鍵 它就會貢獻全部
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.69,0:11:43.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,氧是個超級電子狂
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.89,0:11:46.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,每個氧是-2
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.28,0:11:48.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我們來想想
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.80,0:11:54.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我有+4 加【譯者注：口誤】 3乘-2
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.15,0:11:55.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,對吧？
Dialogue: 0,0:11:55.26,0:11:57.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我有3個氧原子
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.24,0:12:00.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以是4-6等於-2
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.37,0:12:02.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以我們可以把整個碳酸根
Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.86,0:12:05.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,看作是-2價的
Dialogue: 0,0:12:05.81,0:12:10.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那麽 如果整個碳酸根是-2
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.66,0:12:14.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,它對整個分子的氧化態的
Dialogue: 0,0:12:14.39,0:12:16.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,貢獻是…
Dialogue: 0,0:12:16.95,0:12:18.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,這個碳酸根
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.74,0:12:20.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我們有3個碳酸根
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.64,0:12:22.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,每個的貢獻是-2
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.64,0:12:24.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以這有-6的貢獻值
Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.70,0:12:28.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,如果這是-6 並且這是個中性分子
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.38,0:12:32.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那麽我們兩個鐵就必須要
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.22,0:12:35.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,貢獻+6價
Dialogue: 0,0:12:35.38,0:12:36.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,因爲全部加起來是0
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.83,0:12:40.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,如果兩個鐵加起來
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.18,0:12:43.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,貢獻了+6價
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.40,0:12:46.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那麽每個鐵就是+3價
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.42,0:12:49.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,或者 在我們的推理裏 如果這成立
Dialogue: 0,0:12:49.62,0:12:52.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,至少每個鐵會有3個電子
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.67,0:12:54.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,樂意和碳酸根待一起
Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.84,0:12:58.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那爲什麽這叫碳酸鐵(Ⅲ)咧？
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.12,0:13:00.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我想現在你就懂了
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.42,0:13:04.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,因爲這是鐵價態爲3的情況
Dialogue: 0,0:13:04.88,0:13:06.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,鐵… 很多金屬
Dialogue: 0,0:13:06.09,0:13:07.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,特別是過渡金屬
Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.56,0:13:09.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,能有幾種價態
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.57,0:13:11.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,如果你有碳酸鐵(Ⅲ)
Dialogue: 0,0:13:11.30,0:13:12.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,實際上就表示
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.69,0:13:14.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,它的價態是3
Dialogue: 0,0:13:14.34,0:13:17.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,或者說分子裏鐵的氧化態
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.82,0:13:19.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,會是+3
Dialogue: 0,0:13:19.61,0:13:21.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,現在 我們再做一個
Dialogue: 0,0:13:21.96,0:13:23.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,這很有趣
Dialogue: 0,0:13:23.05,0:13:24.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,醋酸(乙酸)
Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.21,0:13:25.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我想這是第一次
Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.57,0:13:29.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我秀出醋酸的結構式
Dialogue: 0,0:13:30.01,0:13:33.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我不會講太多有機化學的內容
Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.17,0:13:37.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,不過我們會看到不同的價態
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.64,0:13:39.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,或者說氧化態
Dialogue: 0,0:13:39.21,0:13:41.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[少一句]
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.57,0:13:43.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,有時候你會看到這個形式
Dialogue: 0,0:13:43.29,0:13:44.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,你會覺得OK
Dialogue: 0,0:13:44.61,0:13:48.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,氧 每個氧會是-2
Dialogue: 0,0:13:48.07,0:13:50.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[少一句]
Dialogue: 0,0:13:50.92,0:13:53.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,每個氫會是+1
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.28,0:13:56.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[少一句]
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.57,0:13:57.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,目前的情況如何？
Dialogue: 0,0:13:57.63,0:14:01.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,這些氧一共就是-4
Dialogue: 0,0:14:01.54,0:14:03.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,至於氫
Dialogue: 0,0:14:03.30,0:14:08.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,這裡是+3 然後這還有+1
Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.95,0:14:12.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,你把它們都加起來就是0 你會想 噢
Dialogue: 0,0:14:12.09,0:14:14.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以碳就沒氧化態咯
Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.90,0:14:16.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,它們的氧化態一定是0
Dialogue: 0,0:14:16.79,0:14:20.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,因爲只看氫和氧
Dialogue: 0,0:14:20.49,0:14:23.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我們已經是0了
Dialogue: 0,0:14:23.05,0:14:25.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那麽我們來看是否確實如此
Dialogue: 0,0:14:25.68,0:14:28.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以如果碳和氫成鍵
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.78,0:14:30.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,誰更吸電子？
Dialogue: 0,0:14:30.24,0:14:34.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,碳氫鍵
Dialogue: 0,0:14:34.68,0:14:37.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,越往右邊 電負度越強
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.17,0:14:39.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,碳的電負度更強
Dialogue: 0,0:14:39.35,0:14:42.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,比起氫 碳更喜歡保留電子
Dialogue: 0,0:14:42.70,0:14:43.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,或者說貪圖電子
Dialogue: 0,0:14:43.81,0:14:45.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以在氧化還原角度看
Dialogue: 0,0:14:45.48,0:14:46.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,氫失電子
Dialogue: 0,0:14:46.99,0:14:50.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,它是個共價鍵 不過當然
Dialogue: 0,0:14:50.62,0:14:51.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我們知道討論氧化態的時候
Dialogue: 0,0:14:51.88,0:14:53.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,就假裝是電價鍵
Dialogue: 0,0:14:53.28,0:14:56.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以這時 你的氫將會
Dialogue: 0,0:14:56.63,0:14:58.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,失電子
Dialogue: 0,0:14:58.16,0:15:00.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以它們的氧化態分別是+1
Dialogue: 0,0:15:00.19,0:15:02.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,這和我們目前知道的一致
Dialogue: 0,0:15:02.95,0:15:04.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,不過其實這是另一回事
Dialogue: 0,0:15:04.76,0:15:06.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我做這裡這練習的時候
Dialogue: 0,0:15:06.71,0:15:07.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我第一時間假設氫
Dialogue: 0,0:15:07.76,0:15:10.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,氧化態爲+1
Dialogue: 0,0:15:10.82,0:15:11.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我這樣是因爲 噢
Dialogue: 0,0:15:11.86,0:15:13.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,分子裏的剩下的只有碳和氧
Dialogue: 0,0:15:13.63,0:15:15.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,它們的電負度都更大
Dialogue: 0,0:15:15.81,0:15:17.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以氫會變成它的+1價
Dialogue: 0,0:15:17.96,0:15:19.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,如果這裡是
Dialogue: 0,0:15:19.68,0:15:21.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,鹼金屬 或者鹼土金屬
Dialogue: 0,0:15:21.52,0:15:22.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我就不會那麽肯定了
Dialogue: 0,0:15:22.93,0:15:24.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我會說 氫可能會奪走它們的電子
Dialogue: 0,0:15:24.55,0:15:26.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,好啦
Dialogue: 0,0:15:26.49,0:15:30.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以這些都會給碳一個電子
Dialogue: 0,0:15:30.29,0:15:32.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,因此光從氫身上
Dialogue: 0,0:15:32.29,0:15:39.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,碳就得到-3價了
Dialogue: 0,0:15:39.22,0:15:41.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,這些失電子
Dialogue: 0,0:15:41.46,0:15:43.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,而這家夥得到了3電子
Dialogue: 0,0:15:43.19,0:15:44.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以它的價態減少3
Dialogue: 0,0:15:44.63,0:15:47.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,碳碳鍵 嗯 沒理由
Dialogue: 0,0:15:47.47,0:15:49.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,一個碳可以從另一個碳上奪走電子
Dialogue: 0,0:15:49.63,0:15:51.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,碳碳生而平等
Dialogue: 0,0:15:51.41,0:15:53.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以沒有電子轉移
Dialogue: 0,0:15:53.80,0:15:56.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以這碳被氧化了3價
Dialogue: 0,0:15:56.14,0:15:57.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,現在這邊又怎麽樣呢？
Dialogue: 0,0:15:57.50,0:16:00.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,已知這氫的氧化態
Dialogue: 0,0:16:00.14,0:16:02.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,會是+1
Dialogue: 0,0:16:02.77,0:16:04.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,它會把電子給這個氧
Dialogue: 0,0:16:04.85,0:16:07.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,而這個氧 就跟大部分氧一樣
Dialogue: 0,0:16:07.89,0:16:09.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,需要吸兩個電子
Dialogue: 0,0:16:09.69,0:16:12.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,一個來自碳 一個來自氫
Dialogue: 0,0:16:12.97,0:16:15.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以氧的氧化態是-2
Dialogue: 0,0:16:15.81,0:16:19.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,這個氧也需要吸走兩個電子
Dialogue: 0,0:16:19.11,0:16:20.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,這情況下 它們兩個都會
Dialogue: 0,0:16:20.72,0:16:22.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,來自這個橙色的碳
Dialogue: 0,0:16:22.12,0:16:24.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那麽它的氧化態就是-2
Dialogue: 0,0:16:24.51,0:16:26.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以這個碳的氧化態是多少？
Dialogue: 0,0:16:26.73,0:16:30.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,它給了兩個電子這兒家夥
Dialogue: 0,0:16:30.20,0:16:35.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,然後有給了1個電子下面這個氧
Dialogue: 0,0:16:35.36,0:16:37.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,提醒一下 這家夥得到一個碳的電子
Dialogue: 0,0:16:37.71,0:16:38.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,和一個氫的
Dialogue: 0,0:16:38.84,0:16:41.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,這裡沒了1個 那裏沒了兩個
Dialogue: 0,0:16:41.61,0:16:43.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,它失去了3個電子
Dialogue: 0,0:16:43.41,0:16:47.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以事實上 它是+3價的
Dialogue: 0,0:16:47.59,0:16:52.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,因此結果是醋酸的碳的
Dialogue: 0,0:16:52.02,0:16:54.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,平均氧化態是0
Dialogue: 0,0:16:55.01,0:16:56.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,因爲如果你取-3和+3的平均值
Dialogue: 0,0:16:57.00,0:16:58.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,會得到0
Dialogue: 0,0:16:58.32,0:17:00.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,這就是爲什麽我說 噢可能它們是0
Dialogue: 0,0:17:00.53,0:17:03.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,但如果你真的寫出它們的氧化態
Dialogue: 0,0:17:03.20,0:17:07.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,這個綠色的碳 氧化態-3
Dialogue: 0,0:17:07.31,0:17:10.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,而這個橙色的C 橙色碳
Dialogue: 0,0:17:10.03,0:17:12.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,氧化態是+3
Dialogue: 0,0:17:12.66,0:17:14.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,如果你懂了這個例子
Dialogue: 0,0:17:14.07,0:17:16.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我並不覺得這太複雜
Dialogue: 0,0:17:16.08,0:17:21.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,你會變成氧化態迷的
Dialogue: 0,0:17:21.89,0:17:23.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那麽我想你都準備好了
Dialogue: 0,0:17:23.76,0:17:25.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,下集 我們會開始研究
Dialogue: 0,0:17:25.16,0:17:28.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,氧化還原反應