[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:02.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我们来看看其他
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.64,0:00:05.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,组分原子或分子的氧化态
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.49,0:00:11.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那么假设有氧化镁(MgO)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.84,0:00:14.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,氧化镁MgO
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.57,0:00:16.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我用不同的颜色表示氧
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.58,0:00:18.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那么它们的氧化态是什么？
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.98,0:00:20.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,你可能已经知道了
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.20,0:00:21.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,但还是来看看元素周期表吧
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.58,0:00:23.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,因为再熟悉一下也无伤大雅
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.72,0:00:24.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,呐 镁(Mg)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.74,0:00:27.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,镁有两个价电子
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.94,0:00:29.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,它是第二主族元素
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.26,0:00:32.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,它很乐意抛弃这两个电子
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.29,0:00:34.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,而氧(O) 地球人都知道
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.13,0:00:36.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,它是电负性最强的原子之一
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.98,0:00:38.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,它电负性太强了
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.49,0:00:42.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,以致于“氧化”都是以氧命名的
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.13,0:00:45.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,然后我们知道氧喜欢得到两个电子
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.64,0:00:47.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以这简直是天作之合
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.74,0:00:49.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,这玩意儿想丢掉两个电子
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.35,0:00:51.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,而这玩意儿想得到两个
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.01,0:00:53.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那么接下来会怎么样？
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.98,0:00:57.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,镁会失去两个电子
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.35,0:00:58.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,它本来是中性的
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.93,0:01:03.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那么假设它会带上2单位正电荷
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.12,0:01:06.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,然后 氧就带上2单位负电荷了
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.81,0:01:08.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,因为它拿走那两个电子了
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.00,0:01:13.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以在氧化镁分子里
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.43,0:01:17.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,镁的氧化态是+2
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.63,0:01:22.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,而氧的氧化态是-2
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.57,0:01:25.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我们现在来做难一点的
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.80,0:01:34.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,假设是氢氧化镁 Mg(OH)2
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.61,0:01:40.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,氢氧根是(OH)2
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.81,0:01:45.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,这里氢氧根有两个
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.07,0:01:49.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,好啦 我的思路还是… 嗯
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.20,0:01:52.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,镁很乐意失去它的电子 两个电子
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.64,0:01:54.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,这样它就会带上正电
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.82,0:01:57.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,这种假设下它的价态是正的
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.13,0:01:59.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那么我的思路是
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.32,0:02:01.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,嘿 镁是+2
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.10,0:02:02.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我先写下来
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.21,0:02:06.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,记住啦 如果这是个电中性化合物
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.09,0:02:08.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,为了使一切和谐
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.23,0:02:11.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,全部价态加起来要等于0
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.99,0:02:13.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那我们来看看行不行
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.49,0:02:14.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,呐 氧
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.93,0:02:17.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我武断认为它的氧化态
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.75,0:02:19.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,应该是-2
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.93,0:02:21.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那我写下来吧
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.27,0:02:23.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,是-2
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.20,0:02:27.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,而氢 如果它和氧成键…
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.25,0:02:28.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,记住 这情况下 氢会先和氧
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.49,0:02:29.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,成键
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.96,0:02:32.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,然后一起和镁成键
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.36,0:02:35.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以氢和氧成键
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.39,0:02:38.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,氢 如果它和镁成键
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.37,0:02:39.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,你可能会觉得 噢
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.55,0:02:40.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,可能氢会拿走那两个电子
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.64,0:02:43.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,然后它就变成负价的了
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.18,0:02:45.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,不过氢和氧成键的时候
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.99,0:02:47.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,它是放弃电子那个
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.55,0:02:51.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,它只有一个电子可以放弃
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.35,0:02:53.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以它是+1价
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.93,0:02:56.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,嗯… 开始你可能会说 好了
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.35,0:02:58.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我把氧化态都加起来
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.12,0:03:00.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,+2-2就是0 还有+1
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.81,0:03:03.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我就得到氧化态是+1
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.67,0:03:05.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sal 这没道理啊
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.18,0:03:06.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,这是个电中性化合物啊
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.35,0:03:08.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,你要留意的是 噢 错了
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.09,0:03:10.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,你可是有两个氢氧根的啊
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.27,0:03:12.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那你应该先算出
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.16,0:03:16.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,氢氧根的总氧化态
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.39,0:03:20.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那是-2+1
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.26,0:03:23.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以整个氢氧根
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.04,0:03:25.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,总共是-1价
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.56,0:03:27.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,然而你有两个 对吧？
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.83,0:03:30.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,你这有两个氢氧根
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.08,0:03:34.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以每个氢氧根对整个化合物的
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.71,0:03:37.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,氧化态的贡献是-1
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.39,0:03:39.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,而这有两个
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.47,0:03:43.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以这是-2 再加上镁的+2
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.31,0:03:45.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,全部加起来是0
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.28,0:03:47.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,搞定了
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.08,0:03:49.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,接下来 我想顺便做点别的
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.48,0:03:51.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我想重新回到某些问题上
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.42,0:03:52.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,不过我想顺便讲讲
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.94,0:03:54.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,一些术语
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.53,0:03:57.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,因为我已经某程度上用了“氧化态”、
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.08,0:04:00.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,“被氧化” 或者“被还原”
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.91,0:04:04.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,然而 我们讲了那么多
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.28,0:04:07.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,水解离的问题…
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.22,0:04:10.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那 2份水
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.05,0:04:12.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,反应处于平衡
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.03,0:04:20.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,生成1份的H3O+和OH-
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.11,0:04:22.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,很明显 这些都在溶液里
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.29,0:04:24.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,现在 先看水分子
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.36,0:04:25.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,这里水的各个氧化态是多少？
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.99,0:04:28.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,呐 上集我们做过这个了
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.79,0:04:31.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,氧的氧化态是-2
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.05,0:04:34.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,因为它从两个氢那里勾搭了两个电子
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.14,0:04:36.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,每个氢都贡献了1个电子
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.95,0:04:38.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以氢的氧化态是+1
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.90,0:04:40.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那么我们来看这个分子
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.59,0:04:41.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,都加起来
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.61,0:04:43.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,因为有两个+1的氢
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.74,0:04:44.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以是+2
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.84,0:04:48.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,+2加上氧的-2 等于0
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.40,0:04:49.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,水是中性化合物
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.64,0:04:51.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那这边 氧化态又是多少？
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.96,0:04:56.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,也就是其中一个氢离开了它的水分子
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.43,0:05:00.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,然后粘上了另一个水分子
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.63,0:05:02.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,但它没带走电子
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.14,0:05:04.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以它把电子留这里了
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.22,0:05:08.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那么这个氧的氧化态还是-2
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.96,0:05:12.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,而这个氢还是+1
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.02,0:05:15.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以你要用-2+1
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.24,0:05:16.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,就得到-1
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.38,0:05:17.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,这次就没问题
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.93,0:05:20.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,因为氢氧根的确是带负电的
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.02,0:05:22.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那这个的价态怎么样？
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.69,0:05:28.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,每个氢都是+1
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.19,0:05:30.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,然后这个氧是-2
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.81,0:05:34.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那么如果你看整个离子的电荷
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.45,0:05:37.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,3个氢分别是+1 那就是+3
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.42,0:05:39.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,只是加起来了
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.80,0:05:40.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,还有-2
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.83,0:05:44.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以就是+3-2 所以整个离子是
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.90,0:05:47.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,+1价的 而事实正是如此
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.07,0:05:48.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,现在 我想问你们
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.92,0:05:52.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,有哪个原子的氧化态变了吗？
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.88,0:05:54.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,这儿全部的氢…
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.46,0:05:58.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,或者说这两份水的
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.14,0:06:00.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,或者是两个水分子的
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.46,0:06:02.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那我就有4个氢了
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.14,0:06:04.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,对吧？ 而它们的氧化态都是+1
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.69,0:06:07.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,等式右边 有4个氢
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.05,0:06:09.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,全部的氧化态都是+1
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.47,0:06:13.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那么它们都是+1价 这个反应里…
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.60,0:06:16.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,无论是哪个反应方向
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.50,0:06:19.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,氢都没有被氧化
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.29,0:06:21.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,它的氧化态没有变
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.00,0:06:26.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,可能氢在前面形成水的反应里
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.42,0:06:27.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,被氧化了
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.85,0:06:29.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,不过这个反应里 它没有
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.93,0:06:31.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,同理 氧…
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.88,0:06:35.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,有两个氧分子 是原子 这儿
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.09,0:06:37.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,每个都是-2价
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.62,0:06:39.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,这里有两个氧原子
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.53,0:06:41.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,每个都是-2价
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.40,0:06:43.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,对于这个反应 至少
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.66,0:06:48.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,从氧化态看 没有电子转手
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.23,0:06:52.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以这不是一个氧化还原反应
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.33,0:06:54.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我会在下集里详细地讲
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.42,0:06:55.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,不过我要讲清楚
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.55,0:06:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,这儿没东西被氧化或还原
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.02,0:07:02.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,因为它们的氧化态保持不变
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.60,0:07:08.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,因为有时我会说 嘿 看
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.19,0:07:10.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,镁的氧化态是+2
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.25,0:07:13.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,而氧的氧化态是-2
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.39,0:07:15.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,镁被氧化了
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.42,0:07:16.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,它失去了两个电子
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.98,0:07:18.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,而氧被还原
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.75,0:07:20.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,它得到了两个电子
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.26,0:07:22.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那么我指的是某个生成它的反应
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.93,0:07:24.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,但是也不总是这样的
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.62,0:07:25.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,你可以假设一个
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.83,0:07:27.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,不必发生的反应
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.57,0:07:29.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,但是镁的氧化态
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.56,0:07:30.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,一定是+2
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.94,0:07:34.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,而氧的氧化态
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.23,0:07:36.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,或者说氧化态 是-2
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.90,0:07:38.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,不过我相信我说镁被氧化时
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.87,0:07:40.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,你懂我的意思
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.31,0:07:43.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,其实就是 镁通过失去两个电子
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.10,0:07:45.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,从一个中性的镁
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.79,0:07:47.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,变成了一个带正电的镁
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.16,0:07:48.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以它被氧化了
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.57,0:07:52.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,接下来 我们来做些难题
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.16,0:07:53.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,过氧化氢(H2O2)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.99,0:07:56.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我已经说过几次了
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.30,0:08:01.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,氧是趋向于变成-2价的
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.45,0:08:02.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,这个是-1
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.68,0:08:06.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我想你看出特点了 这些元素都是+1
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.35,0:08:08.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,氢是+1或-1
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.60,0:08:10.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,这些都是+2
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.57,0:08:11.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我想你明白这规律了
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.85,0:08:14.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,这就是你希望得到或失去电子
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.17,0:08:16.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,你会说 呐
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.06,0:08:19.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,水的氧通常是-2价的
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.70,0:08:21.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以这应该…
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.14,0:08:22.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,好啦
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.26,0:08:25.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,氢是+1 因为它和水成键
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.20,0:08:28.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,而氧是-2
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.49,0:08:31.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,如果你这样想 马上就会碰到难题了
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.31,0:08:32.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,这是个中性分子…
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.77,0:08:35.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,嗯 两个氢就是+2
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.43,0:08:36.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,两个-2的氧
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.89,0:08:37.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,是-4
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.94,0:08:39.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以整个氧的氧化态
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.48,0:08:41.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,最终是-4
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.53,0:08:42.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,肯定不是这样的
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.87,0:08:44.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,因为这个不带电
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.14,0:08:45.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,这儿就有难题了
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.80,0:08:47.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,而有难题是因为…
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.49,0:08:50.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,如果你仔细观察过氧化氢的结构
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.44,0:08:53.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,氧之间是成键的
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.57,0:08:55.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,这就是“过氧”
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.18,0:08:59.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,而每个氧又和氢成键
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.65,0:09:01.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以这时
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.73,0:09:03.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,特别是第一年的化学课上
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.97,0:09:07.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,过氧根 尤其是过氧化氢
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.39,0:09:08.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,趋向于当个特例
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.86,0:09:11.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,也有别的 但这个是个特例
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.41,0:09:15.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,这时氧的氧化态的确不是-2
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.37,0:09:17.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我们来看这个并算算
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.10,0:09:18.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,过氧化氢的氧的
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.61,0:09:20.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,氧化态是多少
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.09,0:09:23.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,这时 在氢氧键中
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.04,0:09:25.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,氧会吸电子
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.28,0:09:27.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,而氢会失去电子
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.52,0:09:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那么氢是+1
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.02,0:09:30.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,另一边也同理
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.06,0:09:33.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,氧 至少在这个键上 得到+1价
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.18,0:09:34.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,因为它会得到一个电子
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.42,0:09:36.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那氧之间的键呢？
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.72,0:09:39.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,嗯… 没理由一个氧会
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.67,0:09:41.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,吸走另一个氧的电子
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.25,0:09:43.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以这不会对它的氧化态的值
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.87,0:09:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,有任何影响
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.01,0:09:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,因此这情况下 这个氧的氧化态是-1\N【译者注：板书更正，氧是-1价而不是+1价】
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.01,0:09:52.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,这个氧也是-1
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.78,0:09:59.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以每个氢的氧化态是+1
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.42,0:10:03.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我们说过氧离子中氧的氧化态是-1
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.09,0:10:05.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以总的值是0
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.75,0:10:08.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,2乘+1 加上2乘-1 等于0
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.81,0:10:10.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,这是个特例
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.69,0:10:12.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,不过熟悉它很重要
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.98,0:10:14.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我们再做一个
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.34,0:10:15.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,碳酸铁(Ⅲ)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.85,0:10:17.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,现在第一次…
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.70,0:10:19.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我记得我们第一次遇到碳酸铁(Ⅲ)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.98,0:10:21.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,你可能会想 呃
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.23,0:10:22.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,为什么这叫碳酸铁(Ⅲ)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.97,0:10:25.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,而这儿只有两个铁分子
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.26,0:10:26.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,两个铁原子？
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.44,0:10:27.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,你马上就会学到了
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.83,0:10:29.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我们来看看氧化态
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.43,0:10:31.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,氧的
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.42,0:10:35.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,氧的氧化态 一般是-2
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.89,0:10:38.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,是-2
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.22,0:10:40.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,现在 如果碳(C)连在氧(O)上…
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.67,0:10:42.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我们看元素周期表吧
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.55,0:10:45.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,碳和氧成键
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.70,0:10:48.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,碳怎么变都行
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.52,0:10:51.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,碳 有时它喜欢贡献电子
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.30,0:10:52.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,有时它希望得到电子
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.89,0:10:55.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,而碳和氧成键是
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.11,0:10:58.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,这里可是个电子狂
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.13,0:11:01.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,如果一定要说谁夺走了电子
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.15,0:11:02.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,答案会是氧
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.68,0:11:03.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,对吧？
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.90,0:11:06.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以碳会贡献它的电子
Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.87,0:11:09.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,不过碳能拿出几个电子呢？
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.78,0:11:11.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,嗯 看看
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.48,0:11:14.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,它有1 2 3 4个价电子
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.01,0:11:16.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以它真正最多能
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.08,0:11:18.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,贡献4个价电子
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.57,0:11:21.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,回到碳酸根
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.46,0:11:26.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以碳最多能
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.12,0:11:29.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,贡献4个价电子
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.39,0:11:32.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那么碳酸根的总的氧化态
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.42,0:11:33.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,是多少？
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.88,0:11:36.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CO3的
Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.40,0:11:38.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以这是+4价
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.79,0:11:40.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,因为它只有4个了
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.30,0:11:42.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,如果它和氧成键 它就会贡献全部
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.69,0:11:43.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,氧是个超级电子狂
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.89,0:11:46.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,每个氧是-2
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.28,0:11:48.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我们来想想
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.80,0:11:54.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我有+4 加【译者注：口误】 3乘-2
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.15,0:11:55.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,对吧？
Dialogue: 0,0:11:55.26,0:11:57.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我有3个氧原子
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.24,0:12:00.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以是4-6等于-2
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.37,0:12:02.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以我们可以把整个碳酸根
Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.86,0:12:05.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,看作是-2价的
Dialogue: 0,0:12:05.81,0:12:10.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那么 如果整个碳酸根是-2
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.66,0:12:14.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,它对整个分子的氧化态的
Dialogue: 0,0:12:14.39,0:12:16.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,贡献是…
Dialogue: 0,0:12:16.95,0:12:18.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,这个碳酸根
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.74,0:12:20.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我们有3个碳酸根
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.64,0:12:22.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,每个的贡献是-2
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.64,0:12:24.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以这有-6的贡献值
Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.70,0:12:28.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,如果这是-6 并且这是个中性分子
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.38,0:12:32.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那么我们两个铁就必须要
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.22,0:12:35.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,贡献+6价
Dialogue: 0,0:12:35.38,0:12:36.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,因为全部加起来是0
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.83,0:12:40.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,如果两个铁加起来
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.18,0:12:43.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,贡献了+6价
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.40,0:12:46.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那么每个铁就是+3价
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.42,0:12:49.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,或者 在我们的推理里 如果这成立
Dialogue: 0,0:12:49.62,0:12:52.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,至少每个铁会有3个电子
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.67,0:12:54.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,乐意和碳酸根待一起
Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.84,0:12:58.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那为什么这叫碳酸铁(Ⅲ)咧？
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.12,0:13:00.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我想现在你就懂了
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.42,0:13:04.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,因为这是铁价态为3的情况
Dialogue: 0,0:13:04.88,0:13:06.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,铁… 很多金属
Dialogue: 0,0:13:06.09,0:13:07.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,特别是过渡金属
Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.56,0:13:09.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,能有几种价态
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.57,0:13:11.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,如果你有碳酸铁(Ⅲ)
Dialogue: 0,0:13:11.30,0:13:12.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,实际上就表示
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.69,0:13:14.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,它的价态是3
Dialogue: 0,0:13:14.34,0:13:17.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,或者说分子里铁的氧化态
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.82,0:13:19.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,会是+3
Dialogue: 0,0:13:19.61,0:13:21.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,现在 我们再做一个
Dialogue: 0,0:13:21.96,0:13:23.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,这很有趣
Dialogue: 0,0:13:23.05,0:13:24.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,醋酸(乙酸)
Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.21,0:13:25.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我想这是第一次
Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.57,0:13:29.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我秀出醋酸的结构式
Dialogue: 0,0:13:30.01,0:13:33.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我不会讲太多有机化学的内容
Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.17,0:13:37.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,不过我们会看到不同的价态
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.64,0:13:39.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,或者说氧化态
Dialogue: 0,0:13:39.21,0:13:41.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[少一句]
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.57,0:13:43.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,有时候你会看到这个形式
Dialogue: 0,0:13:43.29,0:13:44.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,你会觉得OK
Dialogue: 0,0:13:44.61,0:13:48.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,氧 每个氧会是-2
Dialogue: 0,0:13:48.07,0:13:50.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[少一句]
Dialogue: 0,0:13:50.92,0:13:53.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,每个氢会是+1
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.28,0:13:56.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[少一句]
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.57,0:13:57.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,目前的情况如何？
Dialogue: 0,0:13:57.63,0:14:01.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,这些氧一共就是-4
Dialogue: 0,0:14:01.54,0:14:03.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,至于氢
Dialogue: 0,0:14:03.30,0:14:08.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,这里是+3 然后这还有+1
Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.95,0:14:12.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,你把它们都加起来就是0 你会想 噢
Dialogue: 0,0:14:12.09,0:14:14.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以碳就没氧化态咯
Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.90,0:14:16.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,它们的氧化态一定是0
Dialogue: 0,0:14:16.79,0:14:20.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,因为只看氢和氧
Dialogue: 0,0:14:20.49,0:14:23.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我们已经是0了
Dialogue: 0,0:14:23.05,0:14:25.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那么我们来看是否确实如此
Dialogue: 0,0:14:25.68,0:14:28.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以如果碳和氢成键
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.78,0:14:30.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,谁更吸电子？
Dialogue: 0,0:14:30.24,0:14:34.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,碳氢键
Dialogue: 0,0:14:34.68,0:14:37.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,越往右边 电负性越强
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.17,0:14:39.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,碳的电负性更强
Dialogue: 0,0:14:39.35,0:14:42.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,比起氢 碳更喜欢保留电子
Dialogue: 0,0:14:42.70,0:14:43.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,或者说贪图电子
Dialogue: 0,0:14:43.81,0:14:45.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以在氧化还原角度看
Dialogue: 0,0:14:45.48,0:14:46.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,氢失电子
Dialogue: 0,0:14:46.99,0:14:50.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,它是个共价键 不过当然
Dialogue: 0,0:14:50.62,0:14:51.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我们知道讨论氧化态的时候
Dialogue: 0,0:14:51.88,0:14:53.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,就假装是离子键
Dialogue: 0,0:14:53.28,0:14:56.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以这时 你的氢将会
Dialogue: 0,0:14:56.63,0:14:58.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,失电子
Dialogue: 0,0:14:58.16,0:15:00.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以它们的氧化态分别是+1
Dialogue: 0,0:15:00.19,0:15:02.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,这和我们目前知道的一致
Dialogue: 0,0:15:02.95,0:15:04.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,不过其实这是另一回事
Dialogue: 0,0:15:04.76,0:15:06.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我做这里这练习的时候
Dialogue: 0,0:15:06.71,0:15:07.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我第一时间假设氢
Dialogue: 0,0:15:07.76,0:15:10.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,氧化态为+1
Dialogue: 0,0:15:10.82,0:15:11.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我这样是因为 噢
Dialogue: 0,0:15:11.86,0:15:13.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,分子里的剩下的只有碳和氧
Dialogue: 0,0:15:13.63,0:15:15.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,它们的电负性都更大
Dialogue: 0,0:15:15.81,0:15:17.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以氢会变成它的+1价
Dialogue: 0,0:15:17.96,0:15:19.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,如果这里是
Dialogue: 0,0:15:19.68,0:15:21.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,碱金属 或者碱土金属
Dialogue: 0,0:15:21.52,0:15:22.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我就不会那么肯定了
Dialogue: 0,0:15:22.93,0:15:24.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我会说 氢可能会夺走它们的电子
Dialogue: 0,0:15:24.55,0:15:26.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,好啦
Dialogue: 0,0:15:26.49,0:15:30.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以这些都会给碳一个电子
Dialogue: 0,0:15:30.29,0:15:32.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,因此光从氢身上
Dialogue: 0,0:15:32.29,0:15:39.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,碳就得到-3价了
Dialogue: 0,0:15:39.22,0:15:41.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,这些失电子
Dialogue: 0,0:15:41.46,0:15:43.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,而这家伙得到了3电子
Dialogue: 0,0:15:43.19,0:15:44.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以它的价态减少3
Dialogue: 0,0:15:44.63,0:15:47.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,碳碳键 嗯 没理由
Dialogue: 0,0:15:47.47,0:15:49.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,一个碳可以从另一个碳上夺走电子
Dialogue: 0,0:15:49.63,0:15:51.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,碳碳生而平等
Dialogue: 0,0:15:51.41,0:15:53.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以没有电子转移
Dialogue: 0,0:15:53.80,0:15:56.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以这碳被氧化了3价
Dialogue: 0,0:15:56.14,0:15:57.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,现在这边又怎么样呢？
Dialogue: 0,0:15:57.50,0:16:00.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,已知这氢的氧化态
Dialogue: 0,0:16:00.14,0:16:02.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,会是+1
Dialogue: 0,0:16:02.77,0:16:04.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,它会把电子给这个氧
Dialogue: 0,0:16:04.85,0:16:07.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,而这个氧 就跟大部分氧一样
Dialogue: 0,0:16:07.89,0:16:09.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,需要吸两个电子
Dialogue: 0,0:16:09.69,0:16:12.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,一个来自碳 一个来自氢
Dialogue: 0,0:16:12.97,0:16:15.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以氧的氧化态是-2
Dialogue: 0,0:16:15.81,0:16:19.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,这个氧也需要吸走两个电子
Dialogue: 0,0:16:19.11,0:16:20.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,这情况下 它们两个都会
Dialogue: 0,0:16:20.72,0:16:22.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,来自这个橙色的碳
Dialogue: 0,0:16:22.12,0:16:24.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那么它的氧化态就是-2
Dialogue: 0,0:16:24.51,0:16:26.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以这个碳的氧化态是多少？
Dialogue: 0,0:16:26.73,0:16:30.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,它给了两个电子这儿家伙
Dialogue: 0,0:16:30.20,0:16:35.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,然后有给了1个电子下面这个氧
Dialogue: 0,0:16:35.36,0:16:37.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,提醒一下 这家伙得到一个碳的电子
Dialogue: 0,0:16:37.71,0:16:38.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,和一个氢的
Dialogue: 0,0:16:38.84,0:16:41.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,这里没了1个 那里没了两个
Dialogue: 0,0:16:41.61,0:16:43.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,它失去了3个电子
Dialogue: 0,0:16:43.41,0:16:47.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,所以事实上 它是+3价的
Dialogue: 0,0:16:47.59,0:16:52.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,因此结果是醋酸的碳的
Dialogue: 0,0:16:52.02,0:16:54.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,平均氧化态是0
Dialogue: 0,0:16:55.01,0:16:56.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,因为如果你取-3和+3的平均值
Dialogue: 0,0:16:57.00,0:16:58.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,会得到0
Dialogue: 0,0:16:58.32,0:17:00.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,这就是为什么我说 噢可能它们是0
Dialogue: 0,0:17:00.53,0:17:03.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,但如果你真的写出它们的氧化态
Dialogue: 0,0:17:03.20,0:17:07.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,这个绿色的碳 氧化态-3
Dialogue: 0,0:17:07.31,0:17:10.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,而这个橙色的C 橙色碳
Dialogue: 0,0:17:10.03,0:17:12.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,氧化态是+3
Dialogue: 0,0:17:12.66,0:17:14.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,如果你懂了这个例子
Dialogue: 0,0:17:14.07,0:17:16.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,我并不觉得这太复杂
Dialogue: 0,0:17:16.08,0:17:21.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,你会变成氧化态迷的
Dialogue: 0,0:17:21.89,0:17:23.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,那么我想你都准备好了
Dialogue: 0,0:17:23.76,0:17:25.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,下集 我们会开始研究
Dialogue: 0,0:17:25.16,0:17:28.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,氧化还原反应