1 00:00:08,199 --> 00:00:13,929 What if you could do whatever you want...and get away with it? 2 00:00:13,929 --> 00:00:19,339 Suppose, for example, you could steal from your best friend…and not only would he never 3 00:00:19,339 --> 00:00:21,289 find out it was you… 4 00:00:21,289 --> 00:00:28,238 He would also think you’re the best friend ever for letting him cry on your shoulder. 5 00:00:28,239 --> 00:00:29,539 What a sap! 6 00:00:29,539 --> 00:00:35,250 Meanwhile, you’re living it up with what you stole, and have a devoted tool — er, 7 00:00:35,250 --> 00:00:37,079 friend — to boot! 8 00:00:37,079 --> 00:00:43,020 Believe it or not, Plato talks about you in Book II of his Republic! Well, he talks about 9 00:00:43,020 --> 00:00:48,840 people like you, if you’re the sort of person willing to do whatever it takes to get ahead… 10 00:00:48,840 --> 00:00:53,650 especially if you can do it without ever getting caught. 11 00:00:53,649 --> 00:01:00,289 Plato tells us a story — a myth, really — of a lowly shepherd who discovers a mysterious 12 00:01:00,289 --> 00:01:06,929 chasm. And inside of it was a magic ring. When he turned the ring so that the setting 13 00:01:06,930 --> 00:01:10,930 faced his palm, he became invisible. 14 00:01:10,930 --> 00:01:16,960 That night, as he sat with other shepherds around the fire, he started turning the ring, 15 00:01:16,959 --> 00:01:22,239 and noticed that others, thinking he’d left his place, started talking about him. In actual 16 00:01:22,239 --> 00:01:25,280 fact, he was invisible. 17 00:01:25,280 --> 00:01:32,280 He wasted no time seducing the queen and, with her help, murdering the king and seizing 18 00:01:33,108 --> 00:01:40,108 power. Even though he committed a grave injustice, he certainly benefitted, didn’t he! 19 00:01:40,188 --> 00:01:47,188 Well, according to Plato, no. Despite now being infinitely richer and more powerful, 20 00:01:47,459 --> 00:01:52,359 Plato thinks the shepherd has NOT benefited from committing this injustice. 21 00:01:52,358 --> 00:01:58,828 But why? Surely it’s good to gain some material wealth or social status. Does it really matter 22 00:01:58,828 --> 00:02:00,868 HOW it’s achieved? 23 00:02:00,868 --> 00:02:06,618 But Plato doesn’t think that injustice really is in one’s best interest. In fact, just 24 00:02:06,618 --> 00:02:07,138 the opposite! 25 00:02:07,138 --> 00:02:14,139 You see, according to Plato, justice is inherently valuable. The just person will always be infinitely 26 00:02:15,009 --> 00:02:19,399 happier — and thus richer — than the unjust person. 27 00:02:19,400 --> 00:02:25,489 For Plato does not think that goodness is derived from material or social gain. Thinking 28 00:02:25,489 --> 00:02:28,819 that it is, is what the shepherd got wrong. 29 00:02:28,818 --> 00:02:35,009 Justice in the individual is the condition of a harmonious soul governed by reason. You 30 00:02:35,009 --> 00:02:41,989 see, Plato thinks the soul has three parts: the appetitive part that reflects our urges; 31 00:02:41,989 --> 00:02:48,188 the spirited part that reflects our emotions; and the rational part that reflects our best 32 00:02:48,188 --> 00:02:49,568 selves. 33 00:02:49,568 --> 00:02:56,568 That’s why the just individual will never commit injustices, whether s/he can get away 34 00:02:57,259 --> 00:02:58,090 with it or not. 35 00:02:58,090 --> 00:03:04,060 In other words, the just individual knows that committing unjust acts messes with his 36 00:03:04,060 --> 00:03:07,310 soul, and so also his happiness. 37 00:03:07,310 --> 00:03:14,310 So, dear Viewer, if you found a ring that could make you invisible, what would you do…?