0:00:08.199,0:00:13.929 What if you could do whatever you want...and[br]get away with it? 0:00:13.929,0:00:19.339 Suppose, for example, you could steal from[br]your best friend…and not only would he never 0:00:19.339,0:00:21.289 find out it was you… 0:00:21.289,0:00:28.238 He would also think you’re the best friend[br]ever for letting him cry on your shoulder. 0:00:28.239,0:00:29.539 What a sap! 0:00:29.539,0:00:35.250 Meanwhile, you’re living it up with what[br]you stole, and have a devoted tool — er, 0:00:35.250,0:00:37.079 friend — to boot! 0:00:37.079,0:00:43.020 Believe it or not, Plato talks about you in[br]Book II of his Republic! Well, he talks about 0:00:43.020,0:00:48.840 people like you, if you’re the sort of person[br]willing to do whatever it takes to get ahead… 0:00:48.840,0:00:53.650 especially if you can do it without ever getting[br]caught. 0:00:53.649,0:01:00.289 Plato tells us a story — a myth, really[br]— of a lowly shepherd who discovers a mysterious 0:01:00.289,0:01:06.929 chasm. And inside of it was a magic ring.[br]When he turned the ring so that the setting 0:01:06.930,0:01:10.930 faced his palm, he became invisible. 0:01:10.930,0:01:16.960 That night, as he sat with other shepherds[br]around the fire, he started turning the ring, 0:01:16.959,0:01:22.239 and noticed that others, thinking he’d left[br]his place, started talking about him. In actual 0:01:22.239,0:01:25.280 fact, he was invisible. 0:01:25.280,0:01:32.280 He wasted no time seducing the queen and,[br]with her help, murdering the king and seizing 0:01:33.108,0:01:40.108 power. Even though he committed a grave injustice,[br]he certainly benefitted, didn’t he! 0:01:40.188,0:01:47.188 Well, according to Plato, no. Despite now[br]being infinitely richer and more powerful, 0:01:47.459,0:01:52.359 Plato thinks the shepherd has NOT benefited[br]from committing this injustice. 0:01:52.358,0:01:58.828 But why? Surely it’s good to gain some material[br]wealth or social status. Does it really matter 0:01:58.828,0:02:00.868 HOW it’s achieved? 0:02:00.868,0:02:06.618 But Plato doesn’t think that injustice really[br]is in one’s best interest. In fact, just 0:02:06.618,0:02:07.138 the opposite! 0:02:07.138,0:02:14.139 You see, according to Plato, justice is inherently[br]valuable. The just person will always be infinitely 0:02:15.009,0:02:19.399 happier — and thus richer — than the unjust[br]person. 0:02:19.400,0:02:25.489 For Plato does not think that goodness is[br]derived from material or social gain. Thinking 0:02:25.489,0:02:28.819 that it is, is what the shepherd got wrong. 0:02:28.818,0:02:35.009 Justice in the individual is the condition[br]of a harmonious soul governed by reason. You 0:02:35.009,0:02:41.989 see, Plato thinks the soul has three parts:[br]the appetitive part that reflects our urges; 0:02:41.989,0:02:48.188 the spirited part that reflects our emotions;[br]and the rational part that reflects our best 0:02:48.188,0:02:49.568 selves. 0:02:49.568,0:02:56.568 That’s why the just individual will never[br]commit injustices, whether s/he can get away 0:02:57.259,0:02:58.090 with it or not. 0:02:58.090,0:03:04.060 In other words, the just individual knows[br]that committing unjust acts messes with his 0:03:04.060,0:03:07.310 soul, and so also his happiness. 0:03:07.310,0:03:14.310 So, dear Viewer, if you found a ring that[br]could make you invisible, what would you do…?