[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.53,0:00:04.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Something happened in the early morning hours
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.32,0:00:07.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of May 2nd, 2000, that had a profound effect
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.90,0:00:10.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the way our society operates.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.21,0:00:13.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ironically, hardly anyone noticed at the time.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.48,0:00:16.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The change was silent, imperceptible,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.14,0:00:18.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unless you knew exactly what to look for.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.99,0:00:21.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On that morning, U.S. President Bill Clinton
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.34,0:00:23.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ordered that a special switch be thrown
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.61,0:00:27.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the orbiting satellites of the Global Positioning System.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.04,0:00:30.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instantaneously, every civilian GPS receiver
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.91,0:00:35.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around the globe went from errors the size of a football field
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.47,0:00:39.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to errors the size of a small room.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.31,0:00:46.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's hard to overstate the effect that this change
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.10,0:00:48.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in accuracy has had on us.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.66,0:00:50.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Before this switch was thrown, we didn't have
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.90,0:00:53.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in-car navigation systems giving turn-by-turn
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.16,0:00:55.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,directions, because back then, GPS couldn't tell you
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.76,0:00:58.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what block you were on, let alone what street.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.45,0:01:01.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For geolocation, accuracy matters,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.70,0:01:04.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and things have only improved over the last 10 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.96,0:01:07.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With more base stations, more ground stations,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.07,0:01:10.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,better receivers and better algorithms,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.04,0:01:13.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,GPS can now not only tell you what street you are on,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.11,0:01:17.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but what part of the street.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.61,0:01:19.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This level of accuracy
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.85,0:01:22.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has unleashed a firestorm of innovation.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.78,0:01:25.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, many of you navigated here today
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.45,0:01:29.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the help of your TomTom or your smartphone.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.04,0:01:32.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Paper maps are becoming obsolete.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.27,0:01:36.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we now stand on the verge of another revolution
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.41,0:01:38.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in geolocation accuracy.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.40,0:01:41.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if I told you that the two-meter positioning
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.14,0:01:44.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that our current cell phones and our TomToms give us
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.57,0:01:48.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is pathetic compared to what we could be getting?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.46,0:01:51.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For some time now, it's been known that if you pay attention
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.30,0:01:53.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the carrier phase of the GPS signal,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.83,0:01:56.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if you have an Internet connection,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.31,0:01:59.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then you can go from meter level to centimeter level,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.13,0:02:02.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even millimeter-level positioning.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.10,0:02:05.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So why don't we have this capability on our phones?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.38,0:02:09.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Only, I believe, for a lack of imagination.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.75,0:02:12.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Manufacturers haven't built this carrier phase technique
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.91,0:02:15.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into their cheap GPS chips
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.02,0:02:17.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they're not sure what the general public would do
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.17,0:02:20.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with geolocation so accurate that you could pinpoint
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.75,0:02:24.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the wrinkles in the palm of your hand.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.59,0:02:26.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But you and I and other innovators,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.97,0:02:31.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can see the potential in this next leap in accuracy.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.01,0:02:33.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Imagine, for example, an augmented reality app
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.73,0:02:37.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that overlays a virtual world to millimeter-level precision
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.26,0:02:39.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on top of the physical world.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.27,0:02:42.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I could build for you a structure up here in 3D,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.16,0:02:44.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,millimeter accurate, that only you could see,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.53,0:02:47.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or my friends at home.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.42,0:02:51.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this level of positioning, this is what we're looking for,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.93,0:02:55.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I believe that, within the next few years, I predict,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.86,0:03:00.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that this kind of hyper-precise, carrier phase-based positioning
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.84,0:03:04.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will become cheap and ubiquitous,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.06,0:03:06.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the consequences will be fantastic.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.61,0:03:11.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Holy Grail, of course, is the GPS dot.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.27,0:03:13.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do you remember the movie "The Da Vinci Code?"
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.95,0:03:17.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's Professor Langdon examining a GPS dot,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.39,0:03:20.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which his accomplice tells him is a tracking device
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.77,0:03:23.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,accurate within two feet anywhere on the globe,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.83,0:03:26.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we know that in the world of nonfiction,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.74,0:03:29.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the GPS dot is impossible, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.60,0:03:32.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For one thing, GPS doesn't work indoors,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.23,0:03:35.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for another, they don't make devices quite this small,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.41,0:03:37.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially when those devices have to relay
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.74,0:03:40.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their measurements back over a network.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.71,0:03:43.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, these objections were perfectly reasonable
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.05,0:03:46.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a few years ago, but things have changed.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.06,0:03:48.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's been a strong trend toward miniaturization,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.92,0:03:52.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,better sensitivity, so much so that, a few years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.64,0:03:55.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a GPS tracking device looked like this clunky box
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.34,0:03:57.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the left of the keys.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.52,0:04:00.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Compare that with the device released just months ago
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.17,0:04:03.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's now packaged into something the size of a key fob,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.96,0:04:06.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if you take a look at the state of the art
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.52,0:04:09.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for a complete GPS receiver, which is only a centimeter
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.26,0:04:11.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on a side and more sensitive than ever,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.35,0:04:14.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you realize that the GPS dot will soon move
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.86,0:04:19.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from fiction to nonfiction.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.26,0:04:23.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Imagine what we could do with a world full of GPS dots.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.50,0:04:26.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not just that you'll never lose your wallet or your keys
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.40,0:04:30.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,anymore, or your child when you're at Disneyland.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.98,0:04:34.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You'll buy GPS dots in bulk, and you'll stick them on
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.76,0:04:38.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everything you own worth more than a few tens of dollars.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.72,0:04:41.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I couldn't find my shoes one recent morning,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.20,0:04:44.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, as usual, had to ask my wife if she had seen them.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.56,0:04:48.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I shouldn't have to bother my wife with that kind of triviality.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.36,0:04:50.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I should be able to ask my house where my shoes are.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.97,0:04:53.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.11,0:04:56.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those of you who have made the switch to Gmail,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.61,0:04:59.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,remember how refreshing it was to go from
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.49,0:05:03.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,organizing all of your email to simply searching it.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.64,0:05:08.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The GPS dot will do the same for our possessions.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.14,0:05:12.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, of course, there is a flip side to the GPS dot.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.82,0:05:15.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was in my office some months back
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.21,0:05:17.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and got a telephone call.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.76,0:05:21.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The woman on the other end of the line, we'll call her Carol,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.38,0:05:23.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was panicked.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.46,0:05:26.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Apparently, an ex-boyfriend of Carol's from California
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.25,0:05:29.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had found her in Texas and was following her around.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.56,0:05:33.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you might ask at this point why she's calling you.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.40,0:05:34.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, so did I.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.80,0:05:38.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it turned out there was a technical twist to Carol's case.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.79,0:05:41.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every time her ex-boyfriend would show up,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.52,0:05:45.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the most improbable times and the most improbable locations,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.88,0:05:48.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he was carrying an open laptop,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.57,0:05:51.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and over time Carol realized that he had planted
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.41,0:05:53.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a GPS tracking device on her car,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.96,0:05:56.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so she was calling me for help to disable it.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.87,0:05:58.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Well, you should go to a good mechanic
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.86,0:06:02.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and have him look at your car," I said.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.14,0:06:04.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I already have," she told me.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.85,0:06:06.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"He didn't see anything obvious,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.99,0:06:10.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he said he'd have to take the car apart piece by piece."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.53,0:06:13.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Well then, you'd better go to the police," I said.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.85,0:06:16.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I already have," she replied.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.95,0:06:19.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"They're not sure this rises to the level of harassment,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.40,0:06:23.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they're not set up technically to find the device."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.15,0:06:24.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Okay, what about the FBI?"
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.66,0:06:28.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I've talked to them too, and same story."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.82,0:06:30.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We then talked about her coming to my lab
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.49,0:06:33.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and us performing a radio sweep of her car,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.04,0:06:35.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I wasn't even sure that would work,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.54,0:06:37.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,given that some of these devices are configured
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.59,0:06:39.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to only transmit when they're inside safe zones
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.82,0:06:43.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or when the car is moving.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.13,0:06:44.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, there we were.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.62,0:06:47.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Carol isn't the first, and certainly won't be the last,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.59,0:06:52.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to find herself in this kind of fearsome environment,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.52,0:06:58.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,worrisome situation caused by GPS tracking.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.41,0:07:00.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, as I looked into her case,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.21,0:07:03.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I discovered to my surprise that it's not clearly illegal
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.68,0:07:08.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for you or me to put a tracking device on someone else's car.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.11,0:07:11.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Supreme Court ruled last month that a policeman
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.99,0:07:16.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has to get a warrant if he wants to do prolonged tracking,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.32,0:07:19.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the law isn't clear about civilians doing this to one another,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.84,0:07:22.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it's not just Big Brother we have to worry about,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.47,0:07:25.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but Big Neighbor. (Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.74,0:07:30.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is one alternative that Carol could have taken,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.38,0:07:36.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very effective. It's called the Wave Bubble.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.09,0:07:39.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's an open-source GPS jammer,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.02,0:07:41.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,developed by Limor Fried,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.58,0:07:45.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a graduate student at MIT, and Limor calls it
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.37,0:07:49.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"a tool for reclaiming our personal space."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.26,0:07:51.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With a flip of the switch you create a bubble around you
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.52,0:07:53.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,within which GPS signals can't reside.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.77,0:07:56.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They get drowned out by the bubble.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.12,0:07:59.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Limor designed this, in part, because, like Carol,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.77,0:08:02.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she felt threatened by GPS tracking.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.42,0:08:04.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then she posted her design to the web,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.99,0:08:08.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if you don't have time to build your own,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.74,0:08:09.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can buy one.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.51,0:08:11.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chinese manufacturers now sell thousands
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.57,0:08:15.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of nearly identical devices on the Internet.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.34,0:08:19.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you might be thinking, the Wave Bubble sounds great.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.49,0:08:23.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I should have one. Might come in handy if somebody ever puts a tracking device on my car.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.14,0:08:26.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But you should be aware that its use is very much illegal
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.93,0:08:28.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the United States.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.73,0:08:29.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And why is that?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.47,0:08:32.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, because it's not a bubble at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.57,0:08:34.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Its jamming signals don't stop at the edge
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.96,0:08:37.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of your personal space or at the edge of your car.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.44,0:08:43.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They go on to jam innocent GPS receivers for miles around you. (Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.67,0:08:46.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, if you're Carol or Limor,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.42,0:08:49.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or someone who feels threatened by GPS tracking,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.05,0:08:52.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it might not feel wrong to turn on a Wave Bubble,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.82,0:08:56.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but in fact, the results can be disastrous.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.80,0:08:59.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Imagine, for example, you're the captain of a cruise ship
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.52,0:09:02.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,trying to make your way through a thick fog
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.04,0:09:05.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and some passenger in the back turns on a Wave Bubble.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.88,0:09:08.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All of a sudden your GPS readout goes blank,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.60,0:09:11.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and now it's just you and the fog
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.88,0:09:14.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and whatever you can pull off the radar system
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.48,0:09:17.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you remember how to work it.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.61,0:09:23.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They -- in fact, they don't update or upkeep lighthouses
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.54,0:09:28.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,anymore, and LORAN, the only backup to GPS,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.20,0:09:30.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was discontinued last year.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.62,0:09:35.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our modern society has a special relationship with GPS.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.53,0:09:37.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're almost blindly reliant on it.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.80,0:09:41.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's built deeply into our systems and infrastructure.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.45,0:09:45.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some call it "the invisible utility."
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.08,0:09:48.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, turning on a Wave Bubble might not just cause inconvenience.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.80,0:09:53.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It might be deadly.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.17,0:09:57.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But as it turns out, for purposes of protecting your privacy
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.38,0:10:00.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the expense of general GPS reliability,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.87,0:10:03.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's something even more potent
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.03,0:10:06.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and more subversive than a Wave Bubble,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.82,0:10:10.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that is a GPS spoofer.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.21,0:10:13.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The idea behind the GPS spoofer is simple.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.03,0:10:17.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instead of jamming the GPS signals, you fake them.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.01,0:10:20.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You imitate them, and if you do it right, the device
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.13,0:10:23.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're attacking doesn't even know it's being spoofed.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.30,0:10:24.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let me show you how this works.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.93,0:10:27.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In any GPS receiver, there's a peak inside
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.65,0:10:30.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that corresponds to the authentic signals.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.29,0:10:33.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These three red dots represent the tracking points
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.10,0:10:35.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that try to keep themselves centered on that peak.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.98,0:10:39.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if you send in a fake GPS signal,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.05,0:10:43.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,another peak pops up, and if you can get these two peaks
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.51,0:10:48.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,perfectly aligned, the tracking points can't tell the difference,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.23,0:10:51.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they get hijacked by the stronger counterfeit signal,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.54,0:10:55.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the authentic peak getting forced off.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.50,0:10:57.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At this point, the game is over.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.67,0:11:01.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The fake signals now completely control this GPS receiver.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.41,0:11:02.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So is this really possible?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.90,0:11:04.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can someone really manipulate
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.62,0:11:06.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the timing and positioning of a GPS receiver
Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.61,0:11:09.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just like that, with a spoofer?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.48,0:11:11.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, the short answer is yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.50,0:11:14.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The key is that civil GPS signals
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.30,0:11:15.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are completely open.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.41,0:11:19.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They have no encryption. They have no authentication.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.40,0:11:22.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're wide open, vulnerable to a kind of spoofing attack.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.89,0:11:25.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even so, up until very recently,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.47,0:11:27.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nobody worried about GPS spoofers.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.86,0:11:29.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People figured that it would be too complex
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.84,0:11:32.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or too expensive for some hacker to build one.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.65,0:11:36.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I, and a friend of mine from graduate school,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.60,0:11:38.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we didn't see it that way.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.76,0:11:41.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We knew it wasn't going to be so hard,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.23,0:11:43.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we wanted to be the first to build one
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.16,0:11:45.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we could get out in front of the problem
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.24,0:11:49.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and help protect against GPS spoofing.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.34,0:11:52.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I remember vividly the week it all came together.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.69,0:11:56.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We built it at my home, which means that
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.14,0:12:00.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I got a little extra help from my three-year-old son Ramon.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.53,0:12:02.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's Ramon — (Laughter) —
Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.94,0:12:06.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,looking for a little attention from Dad that week.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.63,0:12:08.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At first, the spoofer was just a jumble of cables
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.90,0:12:11.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and computers, though we eventually got it packaged
Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.78,0:12:13.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into a small box.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.45,0:12:16.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, the Dr. Frankenstein moment,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:16.26,0:12:18.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when the spoofer finally came alive
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.99,0:12:21.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I glimpsed its awful potential,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.59,0:12:24.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,came late one night when I tested the spoofer
Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.33,0:12:26.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,against my iPhone.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.41,0:12:28.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me show you some actual footage from that
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.03,0:12:29.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very first experiment.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.96,0:12:33.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I had come to completely trust this little blue dot
Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.56,0:12:35.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and its reassuring blue halo.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:35.19,0:12:36.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They seemed to speak to me.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.27,0:12:40.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They'd say, "Here you are. Here you are." (Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.93,0:12:43.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And "you can trust us."
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.80,0:12:48.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So something felt very wrong about the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.92,0:12:51.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was a sense, almost, of betrayal,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.50,0:12:55.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when this little blue dot started at my house,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.69,0:12:57.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and went running off toward the north
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.30,0:13:01.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,leaving me behind. I wasn't moving.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:01.20,0:13:05.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What I then saw in this little moving blue dot
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.43,0:13:08.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was the potential for chaos.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.15,0:13:12.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I saw airplanes and ships veering off course, with the captain
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.29,0:13:16.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,learning only too late that something was wrong.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:16.56,0:13:19.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I saw the GPS-derived timing
Dialogue: 0,0:13:19.06,0:13:20.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the New York Stock Exchange
Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.80,0:13:22.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,being manipulated by hackers.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.75,0:13:25.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can scarcely imagine the kind of havoc
Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.71,0:13:28.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you could cause if you knew what you were doing
Dialogue: 0,0:13:28.36,0:13:31.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a GPS spoofer.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.72,0:13:36.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is, though, one redeeming feature
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.86,0:13:39.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the GPS spoofer.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:39.32,0:13:43.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the ultimate weapon against an invasion of GPS dots.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:43.92,0:13:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Imagine, for example, you're being tracked.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.00,0:13:49.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, you can play the tracker for a fool,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:49.53,0:13:52.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pretending to be at work when you're really on vacation.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.49,0:13:55.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or, if you're Carol, you could lure your ex-boyfriend
Dialogue: 0,0:13:55.20,0:13:56.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into some empty parking lot
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.52,0:13:58.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the police are waiting for him.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:58.82,0:14:04.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I'm fascinated by this conflict, a looming conflict,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:04.03,0:14:06.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between privacy on the one hand
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.69,0:14:10.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the need for a clean radio spectrum on the other.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:10.89,0:14:13.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We simply cannot tolerate GPS jammers and spoofers,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:13.94,0:14:17.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and yet, given the lack of effective legal means
Dialogue: 0,0:14:17.67,0:14:21.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for protecting our privacy from the GPS dot,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.77,0:14:23.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can you really blame people for wanting to turn them on,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:23.64,0:14:26.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for wanting to use them?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:26.06,0:14:29.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I hold out hope that we'll be able to reconcile
Dialogue: 0,0:14:29.11,0:14:32.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this conflict with some sort of,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:32.30,0:14:37.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some yet uninvented technology.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.73,0:14:40.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But meanwhile, grab some popcorn,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:40.85,0:14:42.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because things are going to get interesting.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:42.98,0:14:44.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Within the next few years,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:44.32,0:14:48.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,many of you will be the proud owner of a GPS dot.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:48.57,0:14:50.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe you'll have a whole bag full of them.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:50.92,0:14:54.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You'll never lose track of your things again.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:54.37,0:14:58.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The GPS dot will fundamentally reorder your life.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:58.40,0:15:01.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But will you be able to resist the temptation
Dialogue: 0,0:15:01.08,0:15:04.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to track your fellow man?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:04.08,0:15:05.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or will you be able to resist the temptation
Dialogue: 0,0:15:05.91,0:15:09.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to turn on a GPS spoofer or a Wave Bubble
Dialogue: 0,0:15:09.20,0:15:11.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to protect your own privacy?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:11.97,0:15:15.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, as usual, what we see just beyond the horizon
Dialogue: 0,0:15:15.60,0:15:18.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is full of promise and peril.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:18.94,0:15:22.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It'll be fascinating to see how this all turns out.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:22.13,0:15:24.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thanks. (Applause)