[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.90,0:00:04.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Intelligence: what is it?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.57,0:00:06.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we take a look back at the history
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.86,0:00:09.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of how intelligence has been viewed,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.48,0:00:13.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one seminal example has been
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.10,0:00:16.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Edsger Dijkstra's famous quote that
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.45,0:00:19.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"the question of whether a machine can think
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.69,0:00:20.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is about as interesting
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.100,0:00:23.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the question of whether a submarine
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.97,0:00:25.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can swim."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.76,0:00:29.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, Edsger Dijkstra, when he wrote this,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.60,0:00:31.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,intended it as a criticism
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.66,0:00:34.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the early pioneers of computer science,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.66,0:00:36.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like Alan Turing.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.40,0:00:38.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, if you take a look back
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.90,0:00:40.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and think about what have been
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.67,0:00:42.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the most empowering innovations
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.86,0:00:44.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that enabled us to build
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.74,0:00:46.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,artificial machines that swim
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.98,0:00:49.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and artificial machines that think,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.55,0:00:53.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you find that it was only through understanding
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.10,0:00:55.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the underlying physical mechanisms
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.70,0:00:58.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of swimming and flight
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.48,0:01:01.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we were able to build these machines.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.66,0:01:03.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, several years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.91,0:01:07.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I undertook a program to try to understand
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.16,0:01:09.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the fundamental physical mechanisms
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.79,0:01:12.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,underlying intelligence.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.56,0:01:14.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's take a step back.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.42,0:01:17.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's first begin with a thought experiment.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.57,0:01:20.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pretend that you're an alien race
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.42,0:01:23.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that doesn't know anything about earth biology
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.47,0:01:26.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or earth neuroscience or earth intelligence,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.58,0:01:28.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but you have amazing telescopes
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.77,0:01:31.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you're able to watch the earth,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.14,0:01:33.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you have amazingly long lives,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.47,0:01:34.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so you're able to watch the earth
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.97,0:01:38.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over millions, even billions of years.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.41,0:01:41.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you observe a really strange effect.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.42,0:01:45.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You observe that, over the course of the millennia,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.74,0:01:50.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Earth is continually bombarded with asteroids
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.02,0:01:52.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,up until a point,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.11,0:01:53.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that at some point,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.64,0:01:57.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,corresponding roughly to our year, 2000 AD,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.83,0:01:59.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,asteroids that are on
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.27,0:02:01.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a collision course with the Earth
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.48,0:02:03.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that otherwise would have collided
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.45,0:02:05.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mysteriously get deflected
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.87,0:02:08.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or they detonate before they can hit the Earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.94,0:02:11.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now of course, as earthlings,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.02,0:02:12.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we know the reason would be
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.57,0:02:14.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we're trying to save ourselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.32,0:02:17.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're trying to prevent an impact.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.40,0:02:19.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if you're an alien race
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.11,0:02:20.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who doesn't know any of this,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.26,0:02:22.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,doesn't have any concept of Earth intelligence,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.77,0:02:24.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you'd be forced to put together
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.50,0:02:27.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a physical theory that explains how,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.42,0:02:29.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,up until a certain point in time,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.96,0:02:34.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,asteroids that would demolish the surface of a planet
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.41,0:02:37.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mysteriously stop doing that.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.64,0:02:41.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so I claim that this is the same question
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.84,0:02:45.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as understanding the physical nature of intelligence.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.84,0:02:49.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in this program that I\Nundertook several years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.72,0:02:52.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I looked at a variety of different threads
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.49,0:02:55.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,across science, across a variety of disciplines,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.65,0:02:57.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that were pointing, I think,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.54,0:03:00.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,towards a single, underlying mechanism
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.09,0:03:01.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for intelligence.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.67,0:03:04.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In cosmology, for example,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.22,0:03:06.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there have been a variety of\Ndifferent threads of evidence
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.96,0:03:10.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that our universe appears to be finely tuned
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.37,0:03:12.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the development of intelligence,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.52,0:03:14.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, in particular, for the development
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.91,0:03:16.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of universal states
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.80,0:03:20.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that maximize the diversity of possible futures.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.90,0:03:23.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In game play, for example, in Go,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.24,0:03:26.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everyone remembers in 1997
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.26,0:03:30.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when IBM's Deep Blue beat Gary Kasparov at chess.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.22,0:03:31.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fewer people are aware
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.74,0:03:33.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that in the past 10 years or so,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.76,0:03:34.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the game of Go,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.96,0:03:36.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,arguably a much more challenging game
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.91,0:03:39.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it has a much higher branching factor,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.34,0:03:41.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has also started to succumb
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.04,0:03:42.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to computer game players
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.90,0:03:44.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the same reason:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.48,0:03:45.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the best techniques right now
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.78,0:03:47.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for computers playing Go
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.34,0:03:50.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are techniques that try to maximize future options
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.97,0:03:52.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,during game play.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.99,0:03:56.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Finally, in robotic motion planning,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.57,0:03:58.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there have been a variety of recent techniques
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.75,0:04:00.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that have tried to take advantage
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.65,0:04:03.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of abilities of robots to maximize
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.80,0:04:05.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,future freedom of action
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.30,0:04:08.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to accomplish complex tasks.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.40,0:04:10.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, taking all of these different threads
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.51,0:04:12.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and putting them together,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.38,0:04:15.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I asked, starting several years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.02,0:04:17.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is there an underlying mechanism for intelligence
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.87,0:04:19.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we can factor out
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.54,0:04:21.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of all of these different threads?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.31,0:04:25.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is there a single equation for intelligence?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.91,0:04:29.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the answer, I believe, is yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.28,0:04:31.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What you're seeing is probably
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.19,0:04:34.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the closest equivalent to an E=MC squared
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.48,0:04:37.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for intelligence that I've seen.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.32,0:04:39.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what you're seeing here
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.02,0:04:41.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a statement of correspondence
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.69,0:04:46.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that intelligence is a force, F,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.12,0:04:50.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that acts so as to maximize future freedom of action.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.77,0:04:53.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It acts to maximize future freedom of action,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.15,0:04:54.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or keep options open,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.77,0:04:56.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with some strength T,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.100,0:05:01.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the diversity of possible accessible futures, S,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.78,0:05:04.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,up to some future time horizon, Tau.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.33,0:05:07.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In short, intelligence doesn't like to get trapped.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.29,0:05:10.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Intelligence tries to maximize\Nfuture freedom of action
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.59,0:05:13.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and keep options open.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.26,0:05:15.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, given this one equation,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.40,0:05:18.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's natural to ask, so what can you do with this?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.23,0:05:19.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How predictive is it?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.58,0:05:21.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Does it predict human-level intelligence?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.71,0:05:24.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Does it predict artificial intelligence?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.53,0:05:26.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I'm going to show you now a video
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.57,0:05:29.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that will, I think, demonstrate
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.99,0:05:32.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of the amazing applications
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.28,0:05:34.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of just this single equation.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.60,0:05:36.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Video) Voice: Recent research in cosmology
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.58,0:05:38.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has suggested that universes that produce
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.63,0:05:42.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more disorder, or "entropy," over their lifetimes
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.11,0:05:44.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,should tend to have more favorable conditions
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.59,0:05:47.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the existence of intelligent\Nbeings such as ourselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.60,0:05:50.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what if that tentative cosmological connection
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.18,0:05:52.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between entropy and intelligence
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.02,0:05:53.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hints at a deeper relationship?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.79,0:05:56.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if intelligence behavior doesn't just correlate
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.35,0:05:58.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the production of long-term entropy,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.20,0:06:00.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but actually emerges directly from it?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.52,0:06:02.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To find out, we developed a software engine
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.92,0:06:05.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called ENTROPICA, designed to maximize
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.24,0:06:07.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the production of long-term entropy
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.19,0:06:09.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of any system that it finds itself in.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.77,0:06:11.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Amazingly, ENTROPICA was able to pass
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.92,0:06:15.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,multiple animal intelligence\Ntests, play human games,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.38,0:06:17.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and even earn money trading stocks,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.53,0:06:19.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all without being instructed to do so.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.64,0:06:22.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here are some examples of ENTROPICA in action.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.16,0:06:25.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just like a human standing\Nupright without falling over,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.36,0:06:26.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,here we see ENTROPICA
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.59,0:06:29.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,automatically balancing a pole using a cart.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.48,0:06:31.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This behavior is remarkable in part
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.49,0:06:33.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we never gave ENTROPICA a goal.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.82,0:06:36.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It simply decided on its own to balance the pole.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.98,0:06:38.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This balancing ability will have appliactions
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.92,0:06:40.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for humanoid robotics
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.50,0:06:43.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and human assistive technologies.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.02,0:06:45.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just as some animals can use objects
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.02,0:06:46.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and their environments as tools
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.46,0:06:48.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to reach into narrow spaces,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.45,0:06:50.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,here we see that ENTROPICA,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.33,0:06:52.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,again on its own initiative,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.17,0:06:55.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was able to move a large\Ndisk representing an animal
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.08,0:06:57.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around so as to cause a small disk,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.42,0:07:00.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,representing a tool, to reach into a confined space
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.04,0:07:01.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,holding a third disk
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.73,0:07:04.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and release the third disk\Nfrom its initially fixed position.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.70,0:07:06.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This tool use ability will have applications
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.74,0:07:09.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for smart manufacturing and agriculture.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.25,0:07:11.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In addition, just as some other animals
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.20,0:07:13.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are able to cooperate by pulling\Nopposite ends of a rope
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.89,0:07:15.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the same time to release food,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.94,0:07:18.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,here we see that ENTROPICA is able to accomplish
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.24,0:07:20.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a model version of that task.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.23,0:07:22.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This cooperative ability has interesting implications
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.75,0:07:26.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for economic planning and a variety of other fields.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.18,0:07:28.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ENTROPICA is broadly applicable
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.26,0:07:30.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to a variety of domains.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.20,0:07:32.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, here we see it successfully
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.64,0:07:35.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,playing a game of pong against itself,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.20,0:07:37.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,illustrating its potential for gaming.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.54,0:07:39.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here we see ENTROPICA orchestrating
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.29,0:07:41.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,new connections on a social network
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.30,0:07:44.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where friends are constantly falling out of touch
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.06,0:07:46.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and successfully keeping\Nthe network well-connected.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.92,0:07:49.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This same network orchestration ability
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.22,0:07:51.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also has applications in health care,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.54,0:07:54.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,energy, and intelligence.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.78,0:07:56.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here we see ENTROPICA directing the paths
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.74,0:07:58.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a fleet of ships,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.35,0:08:01.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,successfully discovering and\Nutilizing the Panama Canal
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.52,0:08:03.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to globally extend its reach from the Atlantic
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.98,0:08:05.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the Pacific.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.51,0:08:07.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By the same token, ENTROPICA
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.13,0:08:08.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is broadly applicable to problems
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.86,0:08:14.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in autonomous defense, logistics, and transportation.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.17,0:08:15.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Finally, here we see ENTROPICA
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.94,0:08:18.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,spontaneously discovering and executing
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.93,0:08:20.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a buy-low, sell-high strategy
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.99,0:08:23.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on a simulated range-traded stock,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.17,0:08:25.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,successfully growing assets under management
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.50,0:08:26.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,exponentially.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.93,0:08:28.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This risk management ability
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.23,0:08:30.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will have broad applications in finance
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.72,0:08:34.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and insurance.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.05,0:08:36.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Alex Wissner-Gross: So what you've just seen
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.14,0:08:40.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that a variety of signature human intelligent
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.53,0:08:42.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cognitive behaviors
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.29,0:08:45.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as tool use and walking upright
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.12,0:08:47.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and social cooperation
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.15,0:08:50.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all follow from a single equation
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.12,0:08:52.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which drives a system
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.05,0:08:55.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to maximize its future freedom of action.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.96,0:08:58.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now there's a profound irony here.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.97,0:09:00.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Going back to the the beginning
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.100,0:09:04.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the usage of the term robot,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.27,0:09:07.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the play R.U.R.,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.17,0:09:09.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there was always a concept
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.41,0:09:12.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that if we developed machine intelligence,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.63,0:09:15.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there would be a cybernetic revolt.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.66,0:09:19.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The machines would rise up against us.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.21,0:09:21.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One major consequence of this work
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.53,0:09:24.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that maybe all of these decades,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.30,0:09:27.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we've had the whole concept of cybernetic revolt
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.27,0:09:29.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in reverse.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.28,0:09:32.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not that machines first become intelligent
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.56,0:09:34.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then megalomaniacal
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.58,0:09:36.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and try to take over the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.80,0:09:38.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's quite the opposite,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.24,0:09:41.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the urge to take control
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.14,0:09:43.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of all possible futures
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.40,0:09:45.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a more fundamental principle
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.52,0:09:46.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than that of intelligence,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.88,0:09:50.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that general intelligence may in fact emerge
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.58,0:09:54.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,directly from this sort of control-grabbing,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.14,0:09:58.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rather than vice versa.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.33,0:10:02.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another important consequence is goal-seeking.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.10,0:10:06.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm often asked, how does the ability to seek goals
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.46,0:10:08.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,follow from this sort of framework?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.08,0:10:11.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the answer is, the ability to seek goals
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.11,0:10:12.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will follow directly from this
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.99,0:10:14.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the following sense:
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.82,0:10:17.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just like you would travel through a tunnel,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.69,0:10:20.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a bottleneck in your future path space,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.19,0:10:22.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to achieve many other
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.06,0:10:24.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,diverse objectives later on,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.08,0:10:26.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or just like you would invest
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.46,0:10:28.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a financial security,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.24,0:10:30.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reducing your short-term liquidity
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.48,0:10:32.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to increase your wealth over the long term,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.88,0:10:35.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,goal-seeking emerges directly
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.22,0:10:36.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from a long-term drive
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.95,0:10:40.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to increase future freedom of action.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.98,0:10:44.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Finally, Richard Feynman, famous physicist,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.51,0:10:48.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,once wrote that if human civilization were destroyed
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.18,0:10:50.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you could pass only a single concept
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.08,0:10:51.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on to our descendants
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.45,0:10:53.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to help them rebuild civilization,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.75,0:10:55.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that concept should be
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.44,0:10:57.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that all matter around us
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.29,0:10:59.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is made out of tiny elements
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.62,0:11:02.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that attract each other when they're far apart
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.12,0:11:05.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but repel each other when they're close together.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.45,0:11:07.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My equivalent of that statement
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.23,0:11:08.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to pass on to descendants
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.50,0:11:11.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to help them build artificial intelligences
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.21,0:11:14.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or to help them understand human intelligence,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.16,0:11:15.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the following:
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.43,0:11:17.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,intelligence should be viewed
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.48,0:11:18.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a physical process
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.90,0:11:21.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that tries to maximize future freedom of action
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.86,0:11:25.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and avoid constraints in its own future.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.48,0:11:26.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.84,0:11:30.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)