[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.12,0:00:25.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The tongue is the most powerful\Norgan of our body.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.09,0:00:32.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not only because it has 17 muscles,\Nbut for all the things that it can do.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.59,0:00:37.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With your tongue\Nyou can make them fall in love,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.51,0:00:40.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can convince,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.31,0:00:43.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can humiliate,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.78,0:00:45.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can heal
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.45,0:00:49.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and even bring somebody down.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.92,0:00:55.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once, when my son was 5,pp
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.04,0:00:59.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he got mad at me because I told him off.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.36,0:01:03.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was Father's Day and he said:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.68,0:01:08.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"You know what? Happy NOTHING's Day."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.88,0:01:11.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.39,0:01:14.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He tore me up.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.66,0:01:20.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was tall as my knee\Nand he brought me down,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.47,0:01:21.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like David to Goliath.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.95,0:01:23.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just with his tongue.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.40,0:01:29.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the other hand, a friend of mine
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.13,0:01:33.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,used to sell rings\Nand earrings in the bars of Palermo.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.05,0:01:40.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He is of those "smart talkers"\Nwho can make easy compliments.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.63,0:01:44.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He'd go from one table to another
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.79,0:01:48.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and girls tried the rings,\Nand maybe one of them would say:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.47,0:01:50.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"How do I look with this earrings?"
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.71,0:01:53.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he'd look at her and say:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.80,0:01:56.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"You're something else."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.42,0:01:58.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.09,0:02:05.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Truth is maybe the rings\Nand the earrings weren't so nice
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.07,0:02:08.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but what was worth\Nthere were my friend's words.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.25,0:02:15.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, language has a really\Nstrong persuasive power.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.79,0:02:22.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, sometimes it seems like we make\Nall we can to take away that strength.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.62,0:02:27.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some time ago
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.49,0:02:31.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I used to dictate\Nwriting courses for professionals.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.37,0:02:35.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the biggest mistake that I noticed
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.81,0:02:38.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was the use of the language in autopilot.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.98,0:02:40.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is this?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.01,0:02:43.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is when somebody starts to specialize
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.64,0:02:46.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a certain field and starts to use
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.81,0:02:51.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some kind of vocabulary,\Nlike an almost personal language.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.82,0:02:55.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when they communicate with somebody
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.26,0:02:57.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who is not that much\Ninto the subject, they fail.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.87,0:03:02.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I remember once I had an allergy\Nand I went to the doctor
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.19,0:03:06.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they tell me:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.74,0:03:09.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I'm going to prescribe you a cream,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.15,0:03:12.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you will apply it on the pruritic area."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.13,0:03:19.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"What is the pruritic area?"
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.82,0:03:21.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The place that itches!"
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.75,0:03:26.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, he should have said\Nthat from the beginning.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.31,0:03:28.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is communication.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.38,0:03:32.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't want to know where the people\Nwho didn't ask applied the cream.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.02,0:03:41.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, when the doctor speaks as a doctor,\Na lawyer speaks as a lawyer,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.20,0:03:46.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the computer technician speaks\Nas a computer technician,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.34,0:03:50.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they try to communicate\Nwith each other, they can't.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.38,0:03:54.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They need some kind of translator\Nto help them understand each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.16,0:04:00.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's very important to try\Nto adapt the message,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.30,0:04:03.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make the language fit\Nso the other understands me.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.81,0:04:09.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this capacity language has\Nof adapting and transforming
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.97,0:04:12.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is one of the secrets of its strength.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.82,0:04:20.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Think that we speak Spanish,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.76,0:04:25.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which actually derives\Nfrom spoken Latin, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.50,0:04:30.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Roman Empire disseminates all its power,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.11,0:04:36.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,distributes that spoken Latin\Nthey used to trade,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.19,0:04:43.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also to dominate I guess,\Nand to legislate,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.72,0:04:49.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in the 3rd century,\NRomans' Wi-Fi failed,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.33,0:04:54.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Empire falls, the roads are blocked,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.40,0:05:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but that daily used Latin\Nremains and in each isolated province
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.27,0:05:06.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people start to speak Latin\Nin a particular way.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.06,0:05:08.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As they didn't need to communicate,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.72,0:05:13.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or they couldn't, with the other\Nprovinces, in each place Latin derives
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.11,0:05:16.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a specific direction, mixed up\Nwith the conquered tongues.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.98,0:05:24.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's how Italian, French,\NPortuguese, Spanish are formed.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.52,0:05:30.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, we speak a slang Latin.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.91,0:05:34.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A "fierita" Latin.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.54,0:05:37.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What happened?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.91,0:05:39.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It started to transform
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.47,0:05:41.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like some kind of mutant virus\Nthrough the ages
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.97,0:05:47.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that spoken Latin changed\Nfrom generation to generation,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.14,0:05:49.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,adapting to the new needs
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.96,0:05:55.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we ended in this Spanish\Nthat keeps transforming,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.23,0:05:57.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because language transforms constantly.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.39,0:06:01.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll give you an example.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.48,0:06:05.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In my writing workshop,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.86,0:06:09.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sometimes I tell the participants:
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.81,0:06:12.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Be careful with this part of the text,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.91,0:06:16.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the "needle kind of jumps out"\Nin that part of the text.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.58,0:06:20.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now, people in their 20s\Nlook at me and say:
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.35,0:06:22.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"What does "the needle jumps out" mean?"
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.70,0:06:23.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.73,0:06:28.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Unless they are retro\Nand they like vinyls.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.94,0:06:32.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you update that and you say:\N"The CD jumps in that part."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.25,0:06:35.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That will last for some time now,\Nbut CDs are getting out of use.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.33,0:06:40.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I end up saying:
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.74,0:06:43.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Watch out, in that part\Nthe text kind of makes some noise."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.74,0:06:44.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That still works.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.96,0:06:48.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or the expression\N"their Wi-Fi fails to connect",
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.17,0:06:51.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it will be understood for some years\Nuntil something else comes
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.50,0:06:53.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and people don't know anymore\Nwhat Wi-Fi is.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.43,0:06:58.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this capacity of the language,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.07,0:07:02.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of being all the time adapting\Nin order to shine,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.95,0:07:05.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or to call our attention,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.74,0:07:08.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make us laugh,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.98,0:07:14.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to let us keep insulting each other\Nas we always do,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.68,0:07:16.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to keep falling in love,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.34,0:07:18.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's like the language\Nsharpens all the time.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.47,0:07:20.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It gets renewed.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.51,0:07:25.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We live inside our language,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.33,0:07:30.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's hard to see how much\Nare we made of our language,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.71,0:07:34.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we grew up inside a language\Nand that language grows inside us.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.59,0:07:42.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we can only see how much\Nwe are made of that language
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.01,0:07:47.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with people that has some kind\Nof neurological disease
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.25,0:07:50.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like aphasia.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.18,0:07:51.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Aphasia is the loss of language.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.78,0:07:55.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When the aphasia is gradual,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.18,0:07:59.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we notice that the person's dictionary\Ngets deleted little by little.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.07,0:08:02.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, at first,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.80,0:08:06.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they want to say something\Nbut they don't remember the word,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.11,0:08:07.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Pass me the..."
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.93,0:08:12.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Later, they won't know\Nwhat they want to say
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.99,0:08:15.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because their inner dictionary\Nis being deleted,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.52,0:08:18.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the internal language\Nstructures are being erased.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.32,0:08:24.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that causes a gradual absence,\Nthey become absent.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.55,0:08:29.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They start to be like lost to themselves,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.63,0:08:32.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they can't think themselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.35,0:08:36.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Language is a way we have to be in time.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.57,0:08:40.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, I know that today I am here,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.55,0:08:43.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,yesterday I did some things,\Ntomorrow I will do other things.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.60,0:08:44.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can think myself
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.90,0:08:47.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and language helps me to do that,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.34,0:08:50.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's like a big GPS that guides me
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.18,0:08:54.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through all my emotions and memories.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.12,0:08:59.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you have your whole life inside you.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.65,0:09:03.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is a verse at the end of a poem\Nby Dylan Thomas that says:
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.77,0:09:06.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The ball I threw\Nwhile playing in the park
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.100,0:09:08.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has not yet reached the ground."
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.09,0:09:14.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is childhood floating there.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.23,0:09:16.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or he hit it so hard\Nand the ball stayed in a roof,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.86,0:09:18.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or he tries to say that,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.02,0:09:21.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that your childhood is still happening,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.03,0:09:24.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the child you were is still with you.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.24,0:09:28.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You are all your life put together,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.48,0:09:30.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your whole life is with you.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.37,0:09:33.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The little child, the teenager you were,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.16,0:09:34.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the one you are,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.46,0:09:37.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the one you want to be\Nor you are afraid to be.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.51,0:09:39.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Accumulated time, that's what we are.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.30,0:09:43.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the thing that let us\Nsense that is the language.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.67,0:09:45.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.79,0:09:53.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Something really important
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.51,0:09:56.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I believe is the way we...
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.74,0:09:58.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, let's see.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.14,0:10:01.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll tell you something.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.30,0:10:02.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why do I know this?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.61,0:10:05.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I talk about aphasia.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.66,0:10:08.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It happened to my mom.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.66,0:10:15.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And her illness made me\Nnotice that language
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.70,0:10:19.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is something you can't take for granted.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.18,0:10:22.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Language is a gift
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.01,0:10:32.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we have to make real,\Napply it, enjoy it, take care of it.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.60,0:10:34.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Excercise it.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.03,0:10:42.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And think that we are all the time\Ncrossed by speeches of others.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.89,0:10:46.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, TV, education, family,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.22,0:10:50.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the time they are trying to tell you
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.27,0:10:52.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what you should think
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.98,0:10:58.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the only way to know\Nwhat you do think is by saying it.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.79,0:11:01.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What would you say about that?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.99,0:11:03.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because if you don't speak,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.96,0:11:07.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's a risk that somebody\Nwill speak for you.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.95,0:11:12.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And to say your version of things,\Nyou don't have to be a writer.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.76,0:11:17.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can do it talking to other people,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.72,0:11:19.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,writing a journal that nobody will see.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.09,0:11:24.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can write a blog,\Nor have a twitter account, whatever.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.78,0:11:27.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The important thing is that it is yours.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.98,0:11:34.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All our brain energy can be there,\Nin the tip of our tongue.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.44,0:11:40.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can use the language as a weapon
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.24,0:11:43.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or we can use it
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.08,0:11:49.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like a hand that goes through the dark
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.88,0:11:52.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to reach out to someone, to communicate.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.85,0:11:59.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each of us has to discover
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.26,0:12:02.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our own verbal power.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.17,0:12:04.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nobody can do that for you.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.01,0:12:07.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like a Jedi Master would say:
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.89,0:12:11.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"May the force of language be with you".
Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.47,0:12:13.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.98,0:12:16.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)