[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.61,0:00:03.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to start\Non a slightly somber note.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.48,0:00:07.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two thousand and seven, five years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.45,0:00:10.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my wife gets diagnosed with breast cancer.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.15,0:00:12.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stage IIB.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.11,0:00:17.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, looking back, the most\Nharrowing part of that experience
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.12,0:00:18.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was not just the hospital visits --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.95,0:00:21.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these were very painful\Nfor my wife, understandably so.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.19,0:00:25.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was not even the initial shock\Nof knowing that she had breast cancer
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.66,0:00:26.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at just 39 years old,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.84,0:00:29.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,absolutely no history\Nof cancer in her family.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.20,0:00:34.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The most horrifying and agonizing part\Nof the whole experience
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.42,0:00:38.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was we were making decisions\Nafter decisions after decisions
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.22,0:00:39.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that were being thrust upon us.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.18,0:00:42.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Should it be a mastectomy?\NShould it be a lumpectomy?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.32,0:00:45.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Should it be a more\Naggressive form of treatment,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.64,0:00:47.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,given that it was stage IIB?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.51,0:00:48.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With all the side effects?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.81,0:00:51.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or should it be a less\Naggressive form of treatment?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.87,0:00:55.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And these were being thrust\Nupon us by the doctors.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.40,0:00:58.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now you could ask this question,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.05,0:00:59.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why were the doctors doing this?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.61,0:01:01.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A simplistic answer would be,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.09,0:01:02.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the doctors are doing this
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.37,0:01:04.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they want to protect\Nthemselves legally.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.89,0:01:07.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think that is too simplistic.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.60,0:01:09.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are well-meaning doctors,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.14,0:01:11.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of them have gone on\Nto become very good friends.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.80,0:01:13.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They probably were simply\Nfollowing the wisdom
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.98,0:01:15.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that has come down through the ages,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.75,0:01:17.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this adage that when\Nyou're making decisions,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.89,0:01:19.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially decisions of importance,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.60,0:01:22.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's best to be in charge,\Nit's best to be in control,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.16,0:01:24.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's best to be in the driver's seat.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.12,0:01:27.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we were certainly\Nin the driver's seat,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.24,0:01:28.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,making all these decisions.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.58,0:01:31.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And let me tell you --\Nif some of you have been there,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.19,0:01:33.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was a most agonizing\Nand harrowing experience.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.68,0:01:35.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which got me thinking.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.86,0:01:39.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I said, is there any validity\Nto this whole adage
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.16,0:01:41.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that when you're making decisions,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.25,0:01:43.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's best to take the driver's seat,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.37,0:01:44.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,be in charge, be in control?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.78,0:01:48.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or are there contexts\Nwhere we're far better off
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.59,0:01:50.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,taking the passenger's seat
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.10,0:01:51.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and have someone else drive?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.47,0:01:53.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, a trusted financial advisor,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.48,0:01:55.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could be a trusted doctor, etc.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.22,0:01:58.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And since I study human decision making,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.84,0:02:01.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I said, I'm going to run some studies
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.32,0:02:02.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to find some answers.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.80,0:02:05.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I'm going to share one\Nof these studies with you today.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.23,0:02:10.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, imagine that all of you\Nare participants in the study.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.14,0:02:13.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to tell you that\Nwhat you're going to do in the study is,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.40,0:02:15.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're going to drink a cup of tea.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.92,0:02:19.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you're wondering why, I'll tell you why\Nin a few seconds from now.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.39,0:02:21.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You are going to solve\Na series of puzzles,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.74,0:02:25.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'm going to show you examples\Nof these puzzles momentarily.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.20,0:02:27.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the more puzzles you solve,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.72,0:02:30.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the greater the chances\Nthat you'll win some prizes.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.17,0:02:33.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, why do you have to consume the tea?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.11,0:02:34.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why? Because it makes a lot of sense:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.95,0:02:38.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In order to solve these puzzles\Neffectively, if you think about it,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.19,0:02:41.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your mind needs to be in two states\Nsimultaneously, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.96,0:02:44.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It needs to be alert,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.13,0:02:45.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for which caffeine is very good.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.82,0:02:49.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Simultaneously, it needs to be calm --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.55,0:02:51.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not agitated, calm --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.29,0:02:53.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for which chamomile is very good.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.42,0:02:58.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now comes the between-subjects design,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.20,0:03:00.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the AB design, the AB testing.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.03,0:03:03.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what I'm going to do is randomly\Nassign you to one of two groups.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.75,0:03:06.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So imagine that there is\Nan imaginary line out here,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.37,0:03:09.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so everyone here will be group A,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.58,0:03:11.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everyone out here will be group B.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.43,0:03:17.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, for you folks, what I'm going to do\Nis I'm going to show you these two teas,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.14,0:03:20.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'll go ahead and ask you\Nto choose your tea.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.36,0:03:22.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you can choose whichever tea you want.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.35,0:03:24.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can decide, what is your mental state:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.52,0:03:26.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK, I choose the caffeinated tea,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.16,0:03:27.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I choose the chamomile tea.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.47,0:03:30.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you're going to be in charge,\Nyou're going to be in control,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.48,0:03:32.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're going to be in the driver's seat.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.87,0:03:36.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You folks, I'm going to show you\Nthese two teas,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.04,0:03:37.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but you don't have a choice.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.14,0:03:40.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to give you\None of these two teas,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.22,0:03:42.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and keep in mind, I'm going\Nto pick one of these two teas
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.95,0:03:44.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at random for you.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.36,0:03:45.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you know that.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.22,0:03:49.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if you think about it,\Nthis is an extreme-case scenario,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.04,0:03:50.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because in the real world,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.35,0:03:52.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whenever you are taking passenger's seat,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.37,0:03:54.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very often the driver is going\Nto be someone you trust,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.99,0:03:56.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an expert, etc.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.24,0:03:58.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is an extreme-case scenario.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.06,0:04:03.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, you're all going to consume the tea.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.02,0:04:06.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So imagine that you're taking the tea now,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.08,0:04:07.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we'll wait for you to finish the tea.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.89,0:04:11.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We'll give another five minutes\Nfor the ingredient to have its effects.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.77,0:04:16.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now you're going to have\N30 minutes to solve 15 puzzles.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.33,0:04:19.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's an example of the puzzle\Nyou're going to solve.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.64,0:04:22.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anyone in the audience\Nwant to take a stab?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.76,0:04:24.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Audience member: Pulpit!\NBaba Shiv: Whoa! OK.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.95,0:04:26.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's cool.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.12,0:04:29.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yeah, so what we'd do if we had\Nyou who gave the answer
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.15,0:04:30.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a participant,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.45,0:04:32.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we would have calibrated\Nthe difficulty level
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.63,0:04:34.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the puzzles to your expertise.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.74,0:04:37.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because we want\Nthese puzzles to be difficult.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.09,0:04:38.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are tricky puzzles,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.33,0:04:40.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because your first instinct\Nis to say "tulip."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.44,0:04:43.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then you have to unstick yourself.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.96,0:04:45.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.14,0:04:47.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So these have been calibrated\Nto your level of expertise,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.87,0:04:49.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we want this to be difficult,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.76,0:04:51.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'll tell you why, momentarily.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.95,0:04:53.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, here's another example.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.53,0:04:56.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anyone? This is much more difficult.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.29,0:04:58.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Audience member: Embark.\NBS: Yeah. Wow! OK.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.33,0:05:00.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, yeah, so this is, again, difficult.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.23,0:05:03.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You'll say "kamber," then you'll go,\N"maker," and all that,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.09,0:05:04.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then you can unstick yourself.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.74,0:05:07.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you have 30 minutes now\Nto solve these 15 puzzles.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.84,0:05:12.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, the question we're asking\Nhere is, in terms of the outcome --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.92,0:05:15.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it comes in the number\Nof puzzles solved --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.54,0:05:19.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will you in the driver's seat\Nend up solving more puzzles
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.76,0:05:21.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because you are in control,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.09,0:05:23.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you could decide which tea\Nyou would choose,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.27,0:05:24.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or would you be better off,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.80,0:05:26.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in terms of the number of puzzles solved?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.35,0:05:30.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, systemically, what we will show,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.40,0:05:31.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,across a series of studies,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.98,0:05:34.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that you, the passengers,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.30,0:05:37.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even though the tea\Nwas picked for you at random,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.87,0:05:40.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will end up solving\Nmore puzzles than you, the drivers.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.12,0:05:44.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We also observe another thing,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.52,0:05:47.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that is, you folks not only\Nare solving fewer puzzles,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.30,0:05:51.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're also putting less juice\Ninto the task -- less effort,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.14,0:05:52.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're less persistent, and so on.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.83,0:05:53.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do we know that?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.00,0:05:56.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, we have two objective measures.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.32,0:05:59.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One is, what is the time,\Non average, you're taking
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.50,0:06:01.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in attempting to solve these puzzles?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.97,0:06:04.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You will spend less time compared to you.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.77,0:06:06.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Second, you have\N30 minutes to solve these;
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.81,0:06:08.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are you taking the entire 30 minutes
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.57,0:06:10.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or are you giving up\Nbefore the 30 minutes elapse?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.99,0:06:14.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You will be more likely to give up\Nbefore the 30 minutes elapse,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.92,0:06:16.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,compared to you.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.10,0:06:17.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you're putting in less juice,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.76,0:06:20.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and therefore, the outcome:\Nfewer puzzles solved.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.73,0:06:25.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That brings us now to:\Nwhy does this happen?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.79,0:06:30.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And under what situations -- when --\Nwould we see this pattern of results
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.41,0:06:34.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the passenger is going to show\Nbetter, more favorable outcomes,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.13,0:06:35.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,compared to the driver?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.77,0:06:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It all has to do with when you face\Nwhat I call the INCA.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.36,0:06:46.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's an acronym that stands for the nature\Nof the feedback you're getting
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.28,0:06:47.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after you made the decision.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.23,0:06:51.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if you think about it,\Nin this particular puzzle task --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.09,0:06:53.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it could happen in investing\Nin the stock market,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.44,0:06:54.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very volatile out there,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.61,0:06:56.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it could be the medical situation --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.44,0:06:58.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the feedback here is immediate.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.11,0:07:01.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know the feedback,\Nwhether you're solving the puzzles or not.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.41,0:07:04.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right? Second, it is negative.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.05,0:07:06.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remember, the deck\Nwas stacked against you,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.64,0:07:09.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in terms of the difficulty\Nlevel of these puzzles.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.45,0:07:11.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this can happen in the medical domain.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.49,0:07:13.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, very early on\Nin the treatment,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.62,0:07:16.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,things are negative, the feedback,\Nbefore things become positive.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.71,0:07:18.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right? It can happen in the stock market.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.75,0:07:22.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Volatile stock market, getting negative\Nfeedback, it is also immediate.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.13,0:07:25.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the feedback in all these cases\Nis concrete, it's unambiguous;
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.80,0:07:28.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you know if you've solved\Nthe puzzles or not.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.33,0:07:29.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, the added one,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.99,0:07:35.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,apart from this immediacy,\Nnegative, this concreteness --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.47,0:07:38.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now you have a sense of agency.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.00,0:07:41.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You were responsible for your decision.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.97,0:07:43.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what do you do?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.45,0:07:45.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You focus on the foregone option.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.33,0:07:47.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You say, you know what?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.00,0:07:49.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I should have chosen the other tea.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.82,0:07:52.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.42,0:07:56.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That casts your decision in doubt,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.20,0:07:58.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reduces the confidence\Nyou have in the decision,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.53,0:08:00.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the confidence you have\Nin the performance,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.91,0:08:03.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the performance in terms\Nof solving the puzzles.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.20,0:08:05.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And therefore less juice into the task,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.28,0:08:07.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fewer puzzles solved
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.06,0:08:09.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and less favorable outcomes\Ncompared to you folks.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.31,0:08:13.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this can happen in the medical\Ndomain, if you think about it, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.76,0:08:15.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A patient in the driver's\Nseat, for example.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.90,0:08:18.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Less juice, which means\Nkeeping herself or himself
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.28,0:08:21.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,less physically fit, physically active\Nto hasten the recovery process,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.82,0:08:23.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is what is often advocated.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.44,0:08:25.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You probably wouldn't do that.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.66,0:08:31.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And therefore, there are times\Nwhen you're facing the INCA,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.58,0:08:35.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when the feedback is going\Nto be immediate, negative, concrete
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.52,0:08:37.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you have the sense of agency,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.14,0:08:40.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where you're far better off\Ntaking the passenger's seat
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.62,0:08:42.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and have someone else drive.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.60,0:08:46.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I started off on a somber note.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.83,0:08:48.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to finish up on a more upbeat note.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.89,0:08:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It has now been five years,\Nslightly more than five years,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.02,0:08:57.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the good news, thank God,\Nis that the cancer is still in remission.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.62,0:09:00.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it all ends well.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.97,0:09:07.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But one thing I didn't mention\Nwas that very early on into her treatment,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.16,0:09:10.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my wife and I decided\Nthat we would take the passenger's seat.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.07,0:09:13.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that made so much of a difference
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.09,0:09:15.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in terms of the peace of mind\Nthat came with that;
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.89,0:09:17.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we could focus on her recovery.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.78,0:09:20.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We let the doctors make all the decisions
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.73,0:09:22.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and take the driver's seat.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.94,0:09:24.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.11,0:09:28.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)