[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.28,0:00:04.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Globally, UNAIDS has estimated that as many as 42 million people are infected with HIV.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.01,0:00:36.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,10 people reportedly die from AIDS every second.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.01,0:00:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's nothing like it.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.00,0:00:58.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's no disease, no infectious disease that essentially kills everyone who gets it.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.04,0:01:02.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The fear factor's gone.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.06,0:01:06.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And yet, getting HIV infection is a problem for any individual.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.08,0:01:11.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The fear should still remain because it's a virus that kills people.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.03,0:01:17.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is this sensitive composing see, that it's better and it isn't better
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.10,0:01:21.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and all these people... These 40 plus million people living with the virus...
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.09,0:01:24.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They would die of AIDS.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.08,0:01:30.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Over the past three decades humanity is rallied together for the AIDS cause.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.04,0:01:35.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People from all walks of life have united across all social and economic and boundaries
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.09,0:01:40.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,joining hand in hand for one common purpose - to end AIDS.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.07,0:01:47.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I want you to say the name of the person you're walking for.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.04,0:01:49.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm walking for Robert Jonson.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.10,0:01:53.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm walking for Rod Hudson.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.01,0:02:00.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm walking for everybody that isn't here to walk for themselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.07,0:02:09.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The statistics are growing.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.06,0:02:11.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All except for one.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.05,0:02:14.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the amount of people cured and it's still zero.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.00,0:02:19.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In theory we can cure AIDS, on a piece of paper. Maybe some day it will come. I can't say when.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.04,0:02:25.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Despite all the major progress we have in chemotherapy of those patients
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.07,0:02:28.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,none of these patients got rid of the virus.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.03,0:02:33.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't think the pharmaceutical industry is very interested or invested in a cure.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.08,0:02:38.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know. I don't mean to be too cynical but the reality, I think is that, you know
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.06,0:02:42.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the situation they've got now which is lifetime treatment with expensive drugs,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.07,0:02:44.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that kind of suits them pretty well.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.06,0:02:51.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A cure is gonna require some very tricky and sophisticated molecular biology.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.05,0:02:54.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I franklly, don't see it happening.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.03,0:02:57.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Never?\N-Ever.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.02,0:03:05.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,House of Numbers\Nanatomy of an epidemic
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.03,0:03:13.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was born in 1980. A year before AIDS exploded onto the public consciousness.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.01,0:03:18.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I grew up beneath that shadow, like a child raised under the threat of the mushroom clowd.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.05,0:03:21.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You might say I'm a member of the first HIV age generation.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.08,0:03:24.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've never known a world without it.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.05,0:03:29.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This film is an account of my journey to the shifting sands rounding HIV/AIDS.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.01,0:03:33.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AIDS has been front page news for nearly thirty years.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.08,0:03:37.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yet how much do any of us realy know about HIV and AIDS?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.06,0:03:48.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is the difference between HIV and AIDS?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.07,0:03:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,H... I don't know exactly.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.05,0:03:54.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,HIV is... WOW.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.07,0:03:58.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,HIV is a virus.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.01,0:04:01.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AIDS is the sickness.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.05,0:04:05.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they are totally different.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.02,0:04:09.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the actual disease...
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.02,0:04:11.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know. I don't know the difference.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.06,0:04:14.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know that HIV is less deadly.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.01,0:04:21.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For me there is necessarily any. It's true there is no difference between the two.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.04,0:04:25.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What would you say is the difference between HIV and AIDS?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.00,0:04:27.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is not a big difference is it?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.04,0:04:32.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,HIV is just the starting point.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.08,0:04:34.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,HIV is a virus.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.06,0:04:36.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The actual virus is AIDS.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.02,0:04:40.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People around the globe are just as confused as I was.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.06,0:04:45.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I sat at the world's leading HIV/AIDS authorities.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.01,0:04:50.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Among whom were the discoverers of HIV, the key white house adviser of AIDS issues and
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.02,0:04:53.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the executive director of UNAIDS global response to the epidemic.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.09,0:04:57.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Meeting with these distinguished experts I candidly asked.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.03,0:04:59.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is the difference between HIV and AIDS?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.07,0:05:04.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The difference between HIV and AIDS is a really critical concept and unfortunately
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.09,0:05:08.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gets one that seams to escape a lot of people or they just don't remember it
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.02,0:05:09.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after hearing it.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.09,0:05:14.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,HIV is a virus. AIDS is a syndrome caused by infection with the virus.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.09,0:05:19.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,See you don't get infected with AIDS. You get infected with HIV and that causes AIDS.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.00,0:05:23.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The biggest problem with the HIV theory of AIDS is HIV.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.04,0:05:29.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is a group of AIDS deniers that say that HIV does not exist and it has never
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.05,0:05:31.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,been isolated.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.08,0:05:33.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which is as bizarre as it gets.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.09,0:05:36.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We do not say that HIV doesn't exist.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.02,0:05:44.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we say is that presently available data does not prove the existence of HIV.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.05,0:05:49.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The reality is that HIV does exist and does cause AIDS.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.06,0:05:53.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean the evidence is incontrovertible. HIV causes AIDS.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.02,0:05:59.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Alright that's the theory that's there. Let that theory be there.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.02,0:06:02.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well let's have some other conversations, lets hove some other research
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.07,0:06:06.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe something else is working here. NO.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.07,0:06:12.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why nearly three decades since its discovery is there continue to be debate over HIV?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.09,0:06:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why is there no cure insight?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.00,0:06:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To answer these questions i needed context.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.00,0:06:23.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The past is prologue so my journey begins with a step back in time.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.08,0:06:33.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The national center for disease control is reporting more cases of two rare
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.05,0:06:36.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and deadly diseases found in homosexual men.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.08,0:06:39.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is no apparent explanation for the outbreak.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.00,0:06:43.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Obviously this is an issue of great emotional...
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.07,0:06:47.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How can we stay uninvolved when people are dying every day from a disease
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.09,0:06:52.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that CDC hasn't yet named for crying out loud?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.03,0:06:58.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If the CDC won't name it, at least demand the press stop calling it GRID.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.02,0:07:05.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, unfortunately I have to take credit for quanting the term - GRID which stood
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.10,0:07:08.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for Gay Related Immune Deficiency.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.07,0:07:11.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were seeing a cluster of gay man
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.02,0:07:16.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who were suddenly critically ill of Pneumocystis pneumonia which was the indicator disease
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.08,0:07:22.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of something new and reported our findings to the CDC.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.05,0:07:27.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was the chief of the STD division at the CDC at that time
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.05,0:07:35.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when the draft report of Pneumocystis in gay men came across my desk for review.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.05,0:07:44.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Surely afterwords cases of a very rare cancer called Kaposi's sarcoma
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.06,0:07:48.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were diagnosed in young gay men.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.00,0:07:55.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My first reaction was - this is an extraordinary important finding.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.00,0:08:00.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The CDC was looking for something like that when it came along.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.06,0:08:04.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were looking it already. They were hopping there was gonna be a new plague
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.09,0:08:09.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because polio was over. The CDC budged was getting decreased.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.04,0:08:12.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is back in like early 80's.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.06,0:08:15.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was double digit inflation.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.05,0:08:18.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And very high unemployment.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.08,0:08:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And a rapid military build-up.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.00,0:08:29.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And a threat to decrease all domestic programs and this led to reductions in force
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.10,0:08:33.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and public health service, particularity in CDC.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.08,0:08:38.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The center of disease control (CDC) in Atlanta was under threat for reduction and
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.01,0:08:40.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even theoretically for closure.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.02,0:08:44.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There were memos around the CDC saying "We need to find a new plague".
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.07,0:08:48.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For them to justify their expenses and their existence and make their careers
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.07,0:08:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they have to find infectious diseases.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.02,0:08:53.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We needed to find something that would scare the American people
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.04,0:08:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so they would wan to give us more money.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.00,0:09:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once people recognized that this was likely caused by virus the media tension went
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.00,0:09:07.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from "no news coverage" to the most covered news story in history.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.09,0:09:12.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People went from neglecting it to fear and panic.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.02,0:09:14.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Maybe I can get it."
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.04,0:09:18.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Al of the sudden AIDS was very fundable project.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.05,0:09:23.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I suppose the psychology they worked on was the fact that they told in congress.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.05,0:09:27.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Essentially this is white straight heterosexual men who are the congressmen.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.05,0:09:33.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they feel they can't fuck around or being worried about AIDS and kind of let the dollars out.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.02,0:09:34.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it worked.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.09,0:09:39.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Suddenly there was a lot of money available for anybody who wanted to study HIV.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.10,0:09:42.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And nobody looked back and said WHY?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.06,0:09:44.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do we want to study HIV?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.06,0:09:48.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bob Gallo said on television - it causes AIDS.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.02,0:09:53.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The evidence show that this disease is not nearly confined to the gay community.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.05,0:10:00.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I motion to call the disease Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome - AIDS.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.01,0:10:10.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1982 Dr. Harry Haverkos was one of the CDC's epidemiologists tasked with defining AIDS.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.02,0:10:16.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AIDS referees to a syndrome and its definition changes periodically.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.02,0:10:20.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AIDS is a chronic disease it's based on immunodeficiency.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.07,0:10:24.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AIDS is not a disease alright? AIDS a whole lot of different things.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.04,0:10:26.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Depends on what country you are in.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.08,0:10:31.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When your CD4 count false below a certain arbitrary level by definition you have AIDS.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.09,0:10:37.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know if someone's T-count goes down and it goes back up again it's you know
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.02,0:10:41.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,politically they might still have AIDS. Medically I don't think they do.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.05,0:10:47.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you develop any of a number of opportunistic infections or diseases that
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.09,0:10:50.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,puts in the category of AIDS.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.04,0:10:58.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't even know what AIDS is. AIDS is so hard to define.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.03,0:11:01.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Could change the definition of it every year.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.00,0:11:08.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The definition of AIDS has broadened over time which revised in 1985.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.09,0:11:12.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then again in 1987.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.01,0:11:14.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The changes in the definition have been political.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.08,0:11:18.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every time they change the definition the numbers go up.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.08,0:11:23.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The definition has changed many times. The biggest change was probably in 1993.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:23.06,0:11:28.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which they, you know, added the CD4 count, the NHIV.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.09,0:11:33.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You see, you could not even be ill but if you have CD4 count contrastingly below
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.07,0:11:36.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,below 200 you have AIDS.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.02,0:11:42.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A closer look at the CDC's documents reveals that AIDS numbers actually declined in 1993.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.06,0:11:48.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But a retroactive definition change increase the estimates by more than 100%.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.00,0:11:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The more diseases they could lump into this AIDS symptom...
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.00,0:11:56.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,S stands for symptom...
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.04,0:12:01.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The better the chances are they get patients under their umbrella.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.02,0:12:03.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The more patients they could catch.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.07,0:12:10.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As time goes along, you know, definitions get used for variety of issues and some of
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.09,0:12:17.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those are not based sorely on scientific decisions but politics
Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.08,0:12:22.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and capitalism and reimbursement comes into play.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.01,0:12:28.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example person with hepatitis C say here in San Francisco.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.02,0:12:34.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you got a hepatitis C and only hepatitis C, you're shit out of luck.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.07,0:12:38.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Having an AIDS diagnosis you know, I get a free apartment. The city of
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.08,0:12:40.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,San Diego pays for apartment.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.00,0:12:48.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can have the state of California pay for many medications related to HIV.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.02,0:12:50.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I get social security benefits.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.00,0:12:54.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can get discounts on my supplements at the local health food store.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.10,0:12:59.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I also get food stamps and in home supportive cleaning services.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.03,0:13:07.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I was basically a healthy person walking around and yet I had all these wonderful little perks.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.06,0:13:12.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You get all the benefits. I mean that we fought for and got.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.07,0:13:16.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the end result has been a certain imbalance.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:16.05,0:13:22.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean where you succeeded... I'm glad we did. But it is a little unfair.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.05,0:13:27.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Politics, insurance, capitalism, benefits. You can be sick or healthy.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.04,0:13:30.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I never would have thought that AIDS was so convoluted.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:30.07,0:13:36.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Wright. What I said. That has changed. How you define that scientifically has changed
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.01,0:13:39.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,quite often.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:40.10,0:13:45.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which makes it difficult, you know for the people to understand.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:45.06,0:13:49.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It makes it difficult to me to interpret the numbers.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:49.09,0:13:54.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Africa is reported to have the highest incidents of AIDS cases on the planet.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:54.04,0:14:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I tripped to South Africa to witness first hand the impact of AIDS on that troubled continent.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.00,0:14:05.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Around 10 million of South Africa's 48 million people have been reported to have AIDS.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.00,0:14:11.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is only a 10 minute drive from Cape Town pristine modern airport to the squatter of neighborhood
Dialogue: 0,0:14:11.06,0:14:15.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,said to ravaged by AIDS.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:23.01,0:14:28.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,its world AIDS day. The functions, the gatherings, the international theme is stop AIDS,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.05,0:14:31.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stop HIV and AIDS.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:31.08,0:14:34.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Keep the promise.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:34.05,0:14:37.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So many years later they keep saying the same things.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.01,0:14:39.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,HIV, HIV, HIV...
Dialogue: 0,0:14:39.08,0:14:45.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each time I hear words like HIV and AIDS I just want to put my had out.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:45.02,0:14:50.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm just so fatigued about how we've packaged the messaging.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:51.04,0:14:58.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Only talk about is AIDS. Its a sex virus. You have to use condoms or you die.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:58.04,0:15:01.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So sick of this message.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:01.09,0:15:09.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People cant think outside AIDS anymore. It's just a shocking sad reality.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:09.05,0:15:15.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first AIDS meeting on the continent of Africa was in 1985 in Bangui.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:16.03,0:15:19.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were there with a few people had experience on AIDS in Africa.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:19.06,0:15:25.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And one of our problems was - how can you diagnose AIDS in Africa in the absence
Dialogue: 0,0:15:25.06,0:15:30.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of very sophisticated laboratory support.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:31.03,0:15:36.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even though by 1985 there was a HIV test most of Africa didn't have access to it.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:36.06,0:15:41.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of the thing that we did in that meeting was to sit down and hash out
Dialogue: 0,0:15:41.02,0:15:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the so called Bangui criteria for the diagnosis of AIDS in Africa.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:46.04,0:15:50.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The idea was - what would be a simple way for a clinician to look at a patient and
Dialogue: 0,0:15:50.10,0:15:55.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,say that this patient likely has AIDS.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:56.09,0:16:02.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They see somebody who has a combination of certain signs and symptoms like
Dialogue: 0,0:16:02.08,0:16:05.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,major weight loss.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:06.00,0:16:12.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you have a combination of that you can say that this is probably somebody with AIDS.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:12.09,0:16:18.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They wanted a clinical case definition whete they could decide that someone had AIDS
Dialogue: 0,0:16:18.05,0:16:23.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just by looking at weight loss and persistent fever and so on.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:23.09,0:16:29.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They gave something to clinicians in Africa to diagnose AIDS.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:29.03,0:16:33.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that helped in the overall effort to count cases. Because we needed to know
Dialogue: 0,0:16:33.05,0:16:36.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what was the impact of the epidemic.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:36.10,0:16:40.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They could discover AIDS all over Africa at that point.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:40.06,0:16:45.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They could say that we are all at risk. They could say it's spreading around the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:45.08,0:16:50.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They could say it affects women as much as men, because almost anyone in an African hospital
Dialogue: 0,0:16:50.05,0:16:53.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could be diagnosed with AIDS.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:53.05,0:16:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Without having to do the HIV test at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:57.02,0:17:01.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whole nations have been led to believe that in some instances they've got
Dialogue: 0,0:17:01.02,0:17:05.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,large percentages of their population infected and doomed because of this
Dialogue: 0,0:17:05.08,0:17:11.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sexually transmitted virus. Its such a tragedy.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:18.07,0:17:21.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What kind of sickness do you see around here?
Dialogue: 0,0:17:22.08,0:17:23.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is AIDS?
Dialogue: 0,0:17:28.08,0:17:34.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you're living in a mud house and there's coming a white man with doctors who you respect
Dialogue: 0,0:17:34.01,0:17:39.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they tell you that there is now among you an invisible disease that gets into you blood
Dialogue: 0,0:17:39.06,0:17:44.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and can stay there unseen for years. And when it manifests itself its gonna manifest itself
Dialogue: 0,0:17:44.01,0:17:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in forms of disease you have always known.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:47.02,0:17:53.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe if you look skinny, if you lost weight maybe they will simply say HIV.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:53.06,0:17:57.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or you are coughing a lot maybe they will say you have the disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:57.04,0:18:00.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This can help to create extraordinary paranoia in people's minds. They would say -
Dialogue: 0,0:18:00.05,0:18:02.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"What is going on with us?"
Dialogue: 0,0:18:02.02,0:18:06.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My neighbor next door. He's got malaria. Does that mean that he's actually got
Dialogue: 0,0:18:06.04,0:18:09.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that dreadful disease the white are talking about?
Dialogue: 0,0:18:21.07,0:18:27.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dr. Christian Fiala argues that many doctors have misused the Bangui definition.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:27.07,0:18:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the era before AIDS we had to admit we don't know the diagnosis and we could hypothesize.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:33.00,0:18:39.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But nowadays what doctors do is, well if you don't know what it is it must be AIDS.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:39.07,0:18:45.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We did have patients with the conditions we now regard as AIDS defining.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:45.04,0:18:48.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even before the advent of of AIDS.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:48.08,0:18:53.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People could have TB and not have HIV and fulfill the Bangui criteria.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:53.04,0:18:59.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They lose weight they have TB and they could look like they have AIDS when they don't.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:59.05,0:19:02.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is this Bangui definition still being used today?
Dialogue: 0,0:19:02.09,0:19:08.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If fairly certain that in many parts of Africa where there is still no, little on no testing
Dialogue: 0,0:19:08.09,0:19:11.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,available that that definition is still in use.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:11.09,0:19:17.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I wouldn't be surprised that its used in the poor parts of Asia.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:17.06,0:19:21.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This word AIDS. I don't know what it is anymore.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:21.02,0:19:24.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know what we're talking about anymore when we talk about AIDS.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:24.09,0:19:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AIDS is one thing is one thing in village and a very different thing in Kampala - Uganda.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:31.04,0:19:35.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I visited the word's health organization's website searching for answers
Dialogue: 0,0:19:35.05,0:19:41.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and discovered there are currently more than twelve different definitions of AIDS worldwide.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:41.03,0:19:47.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I turned to Dr. James Chin former head of the WHO's global HIV statistics unit
Dialogue: 0,0:19:47.02,0:19:48.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for an explanation.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:49.05,0:19:53.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some countries they felt they are little more sophisticated than the others.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:53.08,0:20:02.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you have, you know, along with the epidemic of HIV epidemics of HIV/AIDS experts.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:02.06,0:20:09.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And some of them are not necessarily adhere to any international definition.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:09.08,0:20:12.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They would make up their own definition.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:12.07,0:20:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,High school biology class taught me that diseases and syndromes can not differ
Dialogue: 0,0:20:17.00,0:20:19.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from country to country like languages.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:19.10,0:20:24.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was becoming clear that HIV and AIDS were distinct separate entities
Dialogue: 0,0:20:24.02,0:20:29.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that AIDS was diverting my attention from the real culprit - HIV.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:29.08,0:20:35.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where to next? The place millions have had their lives changed forever.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:36.05,0:20:39.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She says: -We have your test result you need to come in and get it.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:39.03,0:20:40.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I was like: -Tell me now Sherill.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:40.08,0:20:43.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She was like: -Kim we really need you to come in.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:43.01,0:20:46.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I said: -Then I know it's positive Sherill you were just telling me over the phone.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:46.08,0:20:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And she said: - Kim don't panic. You can still have a normal life.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:51.01,0:20:53.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can still remember his face. I can remember his eyes.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:53.07,0:20:58.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And all he said was: - I'm so sorry.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:58.02,0:21:04.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think you should put your affairs in order. You might have five years.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:05.10,0:21:10.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I said: - Sherill. I have to go out now. I have to go tell my dad.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:10.02,0:21:16.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He started crying. This is the way it happens in the movies.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:21.02,0:21:23.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's 7:00 am here in Johannesburg South Africa.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:23.05,0:21:30.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I'm a little nervous because I'm about to go in for my first HIV test.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:32.07,0:21:34.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Have you ever gone in for an HIV test?
Dialogue: 0,0:21:34.04,0:21:35.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:39.01,0:21:41.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes I have actually. Few years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:41.04,0:21:45.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Were you nervous?\N- I was. Very frightened.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:48.01,0:21:52.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The nearest testing center wasn't in a hospital. Or in a doctor's office
Dialogue: 0,0:21:52.06,0:21:55.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but on the main concourse of a bus and train station.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:55.06,0:21:58.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Beneath a few portable tents.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:58.03,0:22:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,HIV testing facilities are everywhere. From a street corner kiosk to the shopping malls.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:04.00,0:22:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All being tested with a rapid test which looks for antibodies to HIV.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:16.06,0:22:18.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is this you questioner?
Dialogue: 0,0:22:20.01,0:22:22.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These tests claim to be HIV tests.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:22.03,0:22:26.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you read from a section that says "limitations of the test".
Dialogue: 0,0:22:26.02,0:22:32.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The specificity of the Reveal Rapid HIV antibody test for blood specimens in low-risk
Dialogue: 0,0:22:32.06,0:22:35.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,populations has not been evaluated.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:35.02,0:22:41.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They don't know in their therms even, how well this test is gonna work in people
Dialogue: 0,0:22:41.02,0:22:44.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they don't want it to work in. Low-risk.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:44.06,0:22:46.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't think you are at risk.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:48.01,0:22:49.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My sex life?
Dialogue: 0,0:23:10.02,0:23:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1990 we flew to Romania to adopt a baby.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:15.03,0:23:19.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We found Lindsy and she was only 2 weeks old.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:20.00,0:23:25.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I cant still remember that feeling of holding her for the first time thinking: - My dream
Dialogue: 0,0:23:25.03,0:23:29.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is going to come true. I'll have one of those children.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:31.04,0:23:35.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Before we left Romania we had to make sure that she didn't have HIV.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:35.09,0:23:40.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We had to find a doctor and he did the test and it came back negative.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:41.03,0:23:46.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We flew home just after Christmas 1990 and...
Dialogue: 0,0:24:12.05,0:24:14.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can I just ask you cause I'm a little nervous.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:15.02,0:24:19.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It seams like if this is positive and this is negative my life hangs in the balance on
Dialogue: 0,0:24:19.08,0:24:22.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whatever this one is.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:22.01,0:24:25.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how do we know that this one is accurate when both of these two were inaccurate?
Dialogue: 0,0:24:30.01,0:24:32.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this one is more accurate than these two?
Dialogue: 0,0:24:35.03,0:24:38.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So why don't we just use the more accurate one to begin with?
Dialogue: 0,0:24:45.00,0:24:46.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:46.09,0:24:51.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rapid test in Germany is not allowed for standard diagnostics.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:51.04,0:24:56.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,May I ask why? How come you don't use rapid tests for a standard diagnostics?
Dialogue: 0,0:24:56.05,0:25:02.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Several professional organizations who decided as expert committee on guidelines
Dialogue: 0,0:25:02.05,0:25:04.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how to do things.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:04.06,0:25:11.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,None of these responsible societies recommended for scientific reasons.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:28.10,0:25:31.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do they decide whether they are positive and negative?
Dialogue: 0,0:25:36.05,0:25:40.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It accrued to me that perhaps the HIV epidemic is reported to be so wide spread
Dialogue: 0,0:25:40.10,0:25:46.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in South Africa and other poor nations simply because they use these inaccurate tests.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:47.06,0:25:53.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the same as if you knew what sausages are made of most people would hesitate
Dialogue: 0,0:25:53.05,0:25:58.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sort of eat them because they wouldn't like what's in them.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:58.09,0:26:04.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you know how HIV/AIDS numbers are cooked or made-up you would use them
Dialogue: 0,0:26:04.07,0:26:07.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with extreme caution.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:08.02,0:26:13.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I decided to investigate HIV testing protocols used throughout the developed world.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:14.02,0:26:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we're testing people for HIV the firs thing that we do is a screening test.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:19.00,0:26:21.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's usually a test called ELISA.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:22.01,0:26:26.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there are also now available rapid assets to be used as screening methods.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:26.09,0:26:31.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes they are faster. We all know faster and cheaper is more efficient.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:32.08,0:26:38.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each time ELISA is positive did does not mean that the patient is HIV positive. That's the problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:38.05,0:26:43.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we're using antibodies as a screening test to tell who is infected or not
Dialogue: 0,0:26:43.03,0:26:48.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very occasionally you can get false positives.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:48.03,0:26:55.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So screening test by themselves should not be used as definitive measure of infection.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:55.01,0:27:00.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's why use a screening test to pick up all the cases but we use a confirmatory test
Dialogue: 0,0:27:00.07,0:27:04.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to eliminate any false positives.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:10.08,0:27:14.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It should be emphasized that most of the developing world uses only screening test
Dialogue: 0,0:27:14.07,0:27:17.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to confirm an HIV diagnosis.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:17.05,0:27:19.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are no confirmatory tests.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:30.03,0:27:34.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nine days after returning home Steven Chells's pediatrician ran a battery of tests
Dialogue: 0,0:27:34.09,0:27:37.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on Lindsy including an HIV test.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:37.08,0:27:41.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even though Lindsy had tested negative for the virus in Romania.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:42.04,0:27:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dr. McCew called us and said we are running to some problems with the testing that we did
Dialogue: 0,0:27:49.00,0:27:52.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you need to come right in and see me.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:52.02,0:27:56.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I said: - Well what is it? She said: - I'm not gonna tell you over the phone.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:56.03,0:27:59.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I said: - I need to know exactly what this is.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:59.10,0:28:03.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said: - We have a bad news that she tests positive.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:04.00,0:28:08.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said: - She'll have a 30% chance of living to the age 2.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:10.02,0:28:16.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was jut at shock. After all this joy and happiness. We finally found our daughter
Dialogue: 0,0:28:16.10,0:28:20.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm dancing around around Romania and now we come home and it's like
Dialogue: 0,0:28:20.08,0:28:23.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,somebody could just stab me.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:23.05,0:28:28.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then I had to call my mom. And that was the worse phone call I have ever had to make
Dialogue: 0,0:28:28.03,0:28:34.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I remember saying that: - Poor girl she's just not gonna make it.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:34.09,0:28:39.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that we don't have to go to somebody and\Nsay: - Well you might be infected
Dialogue: 0,0:28:39.04,0:28:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it might be a false positive.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:42.00,0:28:46.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We do a second test. That's a test that's usually called The Western Blot.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:46.06,0:28:54.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1992 when I was told by my doctor that I was HIV positive that was only a verbal admission to me.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:54.01,0:28:58.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She didn't give me the written paper that came form the lab that tested my blood.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:58.04,0:29:04.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I found out that it says: "This indicates possible infection by virus".
Dialogue: 0,0:29:05.02,0:29:10.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There can be mistakes form the antibody test and there are conditions that can cause
Dialogue: 0,0:29:10.04,0:29:13.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the test to be inaccurate.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:13.03,0:29:16.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now that I've got the package insert for that test kit it says
Dialogue: 0,0:29:16.04,0:29:22.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Positive results using any specimen type should be followed with additional testing"
Dialogue: 0,0:29:22.01,0:29:25.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this is the test they use to confirm with.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:25.03,0:29:29.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This has margin of error done properly that's extremely low.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:29.03,0:29:32.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In other words it's one of medicine's better tests.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:32.04,0:29:37.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't think The Western Blot is a useful diagnostic test. I don't think it's worth doing.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:37.06,0:29:42.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Did they give reason? Anybody can say anything. "I think it's stupid to drive a car".
Dialogue: 0,0:29:42.05,0:29:44.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But they gotta give a reason.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:44.09,0:29:50.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Due to useful prognostic test once you know that someone is infected then you could
Dialogue: 0,0:29:50.03,0:29:55.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,follow their antibody responses well with Western Blot.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:55.02,0:29:58.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It says absolutely wrong. It has a complete usefulness.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:58.05,0:30:02.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You don't need a Western Blot. And it has become a dogma in HIV research.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:02.04,0:30:08.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You need one ELISA followed by Western. You don't. You need two different kinds of ELISA's
Dialogue: 0,0:30:08.04,0:30:10.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,made in two different formats.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:10.09,0:30:14.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Would you ever want to confirm somebody is positive using just ELISA's?
Dialogue: 0,0:30:14.10,0:30:16.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No. Never.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:16.06,0:30:20.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not against the rules. It's against recommendations.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:20.05,0:30:25.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's turbulent see of argument about how can we use this test. When can we use this test?
Dialogue: 0,0:30:25.08,0:30:28.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why is this test have no standard?
Dialogue: 0,0:30:30.02,0:30:35.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have a group now of about 40 patients that have no detectable virus in their body
Dialogue: 0,0:30:35.05,0:30:37.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the are not being treated.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:37.04,0:30:39.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the first question is - are they realy infected?
Dialogue: 0,0:30:39.07,0:30:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So The Western Blot can have falls positives?
Dialogue: 0,0:30:42.02,0:30:43.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No The Western Blow was negative too.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:43.09,0:30:49.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But they were told they were positive by lab. Yes they miss red The Western Blot.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:49.05,0:30:54.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Heavy weight champion Tommy Morison tested positive in 1996.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:54.02,0:31:01.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,11 years later in 2007 he tested negative multiple times allowing him to return to the ring.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:03.02,0:31:08.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's constant discussion in the community of people who do diagnostic testing
Dialogue: 0,0:31:08.08,0:31:14.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the blood bankers about how to read these tests.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:15.02,0:31:19.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you look ate these Western Blots how do you determine what is a positive?
Dialogue: 0,0:31:19.06,0:31:24.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You need certain number of bands being present.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:24.02,0:31:27.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It depends a little bit on the producer of the test.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:27.04,0:31:29.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It depends on the manufacturer? \N-Yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:29.09,0:31:32.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is there different criteria for what might be a positive? \N-Yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:32.09,0:31:39.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are different criteria form the manufacturer and also there are guidelines
Dialogue: 0,0:31:39.10,0:31:42.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the WHO and UNAIDS.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:43.03,0:31:48.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,HIV infection is diagnosed with rather now routine laboratory tests
Dialogue: 0,0:31:48.05,0:31:57.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for which there are criteria for diagnosis established by the manufacturer...
Dialogue: 0,0:31:58.06,0:32:00.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...FDA
Dialogue: 0,0:32:02.06,0:32:05.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Claudia showed me the package insert that comes with the Western Blot.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:05.10,0:32:11.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It contains eight different sets of criteria for diagnosing HIV infection.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:12.04,0:32:16.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because of the different criteria that apply in different countries
Dialogue: 0,0:32:16.01,0:32:23.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can test HIV positive in one country and be given AIDS diagnosis as a result of that,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:23.10,0:32:29.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wheres in another country you wont test HIV positive and you wont be given an AIDS diagnosis.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:30.02,0:32:34.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's ludicrous that you can be positive in one country and not positive in another.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:35.01,0:32:38.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Theoretically I could be diagnosed with AIDS in the United States
Dialogue: 0,0:32:38.07,0:32:43.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but if I take three steps to my right I wouldn't be diagnosed with AIDS.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:43.05,0:32:47.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or I will lose my AIDS diagnosis when I cross the border.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:49.04,0:32:54.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1992 I was encouraged by a doctor to take what's called a HIV test
Dialogue: 0,0:32:54.10,0:32:58.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a mater of social responsibility.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:58.03,0:33:06.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I was shocked, and devastated, and horrified when the results came back positive.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:07.01,0:33:12.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was one of those moments that everyone fears their whole life.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:12.09,0:33:17.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A week later I took the same test to an AIDS specialist.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:17.07,0:33:23.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He looks and says: - This isn't a positive test. I don't know what this test means.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:24.03,0:33:27.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Since a falls positive looks like a true positive, how can you ever distinguish
Dialogue: 0,0:33:27.02,0:33:30.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether it's truly a positive or a negative?
Dialogue: 0,0:33:30.06,0:33:36.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well that's a great question. It's gonna be very hard to determine a false positive.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:36.02,0:33:43.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I take the test again and this time my results come marked from the lab - indeterminate.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:43.09,0:33:48.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm faced with the decision - you want to wait 6 weeks to test again or do it right away?
Dialogue: 0,0:33:48.07,0:33:50.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I opted for right away.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:50.09,0:33:54.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My results from that time come back positive.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:54.05,0:33:57.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Took it again. Came negative.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:57.09,0:34:00.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,i took it again. Positive.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:02.05,0:34:08.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What happens if you're positive on one criteria but negative on another manufacturer's criteria?
Dialogue: 0,0:34:08.09,0:34:12.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do you decide who's infected and who's not?
Dialogue: 0,0:34:14.05,0:34:19.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You will use the most sensitive criteria.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:21.00,0:34:26.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In late December of 2007 I red about a new legislation passed in New Jersey calling for
Dialogue: 0,0:34:26.03,0:34:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a mandatory testing of pregnant women or newborn infants,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:30.00,0:34:32.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,should the mother's status be unknown.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:33.02,0:34:37.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,HIV mandatory testing to me is a no brainier.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:37.07,0:34:42.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm very much opposed to the concept of mandatory testing of any population
Dialogue: 0,0:34:42.07,0:34:49.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the tests are scientifically shown to be unreliable and inaccurate.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:49.03,0:34:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have no reason to fear this bill. And my hope is eventually this would become a federal law
Dialogue: 0,0:34:58.00,0:35:03.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that every woman in this country could be tested.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:03.06,0:35:08.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But HIV testing isn't a absolutely precise science.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:08.04,0:35:11.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I confronted my doctor about that she said: \N- We're way pass Western Blot now.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:11.06,0:35:14.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have the viral load test.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:14.02,0:35:17.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when you get the package insert for the viral load test it says:
Dialogue: 0,0:35:17.06,0:35:22.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"If you test positive you are considered confirmed infected with HIV"
Dialogue: 0,0:35:22.02,0:35:28.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But at the bottom of the page in fine print it states a person should have additional testing.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:28.09,0:35:35.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It does not allow you to tell a single person on this planet that they are HIV positive.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:35.08,0:35:38.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's a scandal that these tests continue to be used.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:39.04,0:35:42.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So again I'm asking. Where is the test?
Dialogue: 0,0:35:42.02,0:35:47.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where is the test that can confirm a diagnosis of HIV infection? And I can't find one.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:48.06,0:35:52.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have the package insert from the manufacturer which they supply me with.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:52.05,0:35:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And under "Limitation of the test" it states that risk factors should be used
Dialogue: 0,0:35:57.00,0:35:59.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in conjunction with the test.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:59.02,0:36:03.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Has the person had sex? Have they used drugs or had a blood transfusion?
Dialogue: 0,0:36:03.03,0:36:07.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then - in conjunction with the test. Not the test alone but with the test.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:07.05,0:36:10.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then you decide whether the person is positive or negative.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:12.02,0:36:14.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Did the answers to these questions help aid in the diagnosis?
Dialogue: 0,0:36:17.00,0:36:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Realy?
Dialogue: 0,0:36:21.04,0:36:25.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now if I tell you that the test you took was lousy it didn't mean a thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:25.03,0:36:27.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is that make any difference for everybody to hear?
Dialogue: 0,0:36:28.00,0:36:30.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It makes a difference for me.\N-Yeah I know.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:30.06,0:36:37.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How can we say that HIV is the cause of AIDS when we don't know, based on current test
Dialogue: 0,0:36:37.02,0:36:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether or not anybody diagnosed positive, actually has HIV?
Dialogue: 0,0:36:46.02,0:36:49.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,President Thabo Mbeki will officially open the AIDS conference tonight.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:49.09,0:36:55.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Delegates here are hoping he would finally separate himself form the AIDS denials.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:55.08,0:37:01.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We remain convinced of the need for as better to understand what reconstitutes
Dialogue: 0,0:37:01.02,0:37:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a comprehensive response in a context such as ours which is characterized by high levels
Dialogue: 0,0:37:08.00,0:37:10.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of poverty and disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:11.04,0:37:16.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As I listened and held the whole story told about our own country it seamed to me that
Dialogue: 0,0:37:16.08,0:37:21.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could not blame everything on a single virus.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:21.05,0:37:25.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I thought this man must be an idiot. Everyone in Africa is dying of AIDS. I know this because
Dialogue: 0,0:37:25.07,0:37:28.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I read the New York Times. It's beyond doubt.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:28.08,0:37:31.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rian Milan was hired by Rolling Stone to investigate and debunk
Dialogue: 0,0:37:31.09,0:37:35.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,president Mbeki's misguided ideas.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:35.02,0:37:37.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where to begin? The numbers.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:37.09,0:37:42.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My very first action. I hoped in Johannesburg's yellow pages I thought I could illustrate this.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:42.04,0:37:47.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the scene beginning in a coffin factory in Johannesburg where workers are working
Dialogue: 0,0:37:47.04,0:37:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over time. Mountains of people are dying of this condition.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:52.00,0:37:55.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I discovered that limits to void UNAIDS isn't the plague.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:55.05,0:37:59.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is that half of the coffin factories in Johannesburg of going bankrupt.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:00.07,0:38:05.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In South Africa alone it's about a thousand people dying everyday from AIDS.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:06.01,0:38:14.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you are advocacy agency and you perceive low numbers to be bad your buyers maybe
Dialogue: 0,0:38:14.08,0:38:20.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to accept higher numbers even if they are not scientifically sound.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:21.01,0:38:26.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know what Jim Chin quite well and I was a chairman of the steering committee
Dialogue: 0,0:38:26.10,0:38:32.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on epidemiology of the global program on AIDS in WHO when Jim Chin was in charge
Dialogue: 0,0:38:32.06,0:38:37.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the epidemiology estimates. And we could never get information how the WHO
Dialogue: 0,0:38:37.03,0:38:43.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,estimates were made. So we were very critical in these days because we found
Dialogue: 0,0:38:43.01,0:38:46.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it was not based on enough evidence.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:47.01,0:38:52.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's possible that he didn't read the materials we sent him or even understand them
Dialogue: 0,0:38:52.04,0:39:00.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we did sent information to anybody who wanted to know about the estimates.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:00.03,0:39:03.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because they were pretty transparent.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:03.05,0:39:08.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In an attempt to get to the bottom of this statistics debate I've come to Geneva Switzerland
Dialogue: 0,0:39:08.03,0:39:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to look at the world health organization's official numbers.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:12.00,0:39:18.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what we found? There are no numbers. Only assumptions and estimates.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:18.04,0:39:23.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How are the money debited out to states for AIDS prevention or AIDS treatment?
Dialogue: 0,0:39:23.08,0:39:28.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How is government money sent out to different states and communities?
Dialogue: 0,0:39:28.04,0:39:31.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The more AIDS you have, the more money you get.\N-Exactly
Dialogue: 0,0:39:31.09,0:39:35.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The AIDS broadness has a vast interest in maximizing and squeezing the data to get
Dialogue: 0,0:39:35.04,0:39:40.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the worst possible scenario because the worst the situation is, the more compelling
Dialogue: 0,0:39:40.04,0:39:42.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the fund raising claims are.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:43.01,0:39:49.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When UNAIDS was created about 250 million dollars were spent on AIDS in poor countries.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:49.04,0:39:52.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,10 years later it's 10 billion dollars!
Dialogue: 0,0:39:52.05,0:39:55.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's an unprecedented increase. Still not enough.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:55.10,0:40:00.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When that was created the first thing Peter Piot said...
Dialogue: 0,0:40:00.10,0:40:06.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Said it was that UNAIDS is an advocacy agency pure and simple.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:06.04,0:40:09.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this was my first objective when I came into this job.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:09.05,0:40:12.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was - put it on the political agenda.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:12.08,0:40:20.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He divested himself of all of the program aspects and scientific aspects of AIDS.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:20.06,0:40:24.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is not an scientific issue. This is a matter of politics.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:24.06,0:40:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Except one unit he kept so that the numbers unit.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:29.02,0:40:37.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are really doing a major disservice to say - it is not as bad as it looks like.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:37.02,0:40:40.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because actually it is much worse.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:41.03,0:40:45.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One month after my interview Dr. Piak the Indian government slashed their estimates
Dialogue: 0,0:40:45.05,0:40:47.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by nearly 60%.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:47.07,0:40:52.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Shortly thereafter UNAIDS acknowledged they were over estimating global HIV statistics
Dialogue: 0,0:40:52.10,0:40:55.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for more than a decade.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:55.08,0:41:02.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They painted themselves into a corner and now their house of numbers is falling apart.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:04.10,0:41:09.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,America is leading the fight against disease and I call on you to double our initial commitment
Dialogue: 0,0:41:09.09,0:41:18.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to fighting HIV/AIDS by approving an additional 30 billion dollars over the next five years.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:22.00,0:41:25.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Noble corruption, misuse of statistics in order to convince people that there is
Dialogue: 0,0:41:25.10,0:41:29.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on hell of a problem out there guys and we're gotta go do something bout it.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:41.09,0:41:50.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In April of 2008 congress approved a 50 billion dollar expenditure for AIDS treatment and prevention.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:50.04,0:41:56.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Vast majority of the world's population is not at any measurable risk of HIV infection.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:56.10,0:41:58.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No measurable risk?
Dialogue: 0,0:41:58.06,0:42:02.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Growing up in the age of AIDS I was taught there are three certainties in life.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:02.04,0:42:08.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Death, taxes and contracting HIV from unprotected sex.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:09.04,0:42:12.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you don't use a condom there's a lot of chances that you can actually get
Dialogue: 0,0:42:12.04,0:42:16.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the killer disease that is AIDS.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:18.05,0:42:24.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I did a study of heterosexual transmission of HIV in California and we recruited individuals
Dialogue: 0,0:42:24.02,0:42:28.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who were infected with HIV. Then we recruited their sexual partners and we looked
Dialogue: 0,0:42:28.07,0:42:32.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at whether transmission in fact had occurred.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:33.03,0:42:39.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Padian runs a study. It's a ten years study with the world's most virulent terrifying sexually...
Dialogue: 0,0:42:39.09,0:42:45.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean this thing jumps... Excuse me, of a penis to in the vaginas miles away.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:45.07,0:42:50.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How many of the do you think after ten years with the world's most terrifying virulent
Dialogue: 0,0:42:50.03,0:42:53.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sexually transmuted disease came up positive?
Dialogue: 0,0:42:53.05,0:42:54.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nobody!
Dialogue: 0,0:42:54.10,0:42:58.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nobody who was negative came up positive.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:58.04,0:43:00.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Zero!
Dialogue: 0,0:43:01.01,0:43:06.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think HIV is more difficult to transmit than other sexually... Then a lot, probably most
Dialogue: 0,0:43:06.01,0:43:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,other sexually transmitted diseases.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:09.00,0:43:11.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean that's pretty widely known.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:12.00,0:43:15.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If I would have unprotected sex with somebody who is HIV positive
Dialogue: 0,0:43:15.03,0:43:18.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how many acts would I have to engage with him before I got the virus?
Dialogue: 0,0:43:18.06,0:43:19.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just one.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:19.07,0:43:21.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think one would be enough.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:21.05,0:43:22.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First act.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:22.08,0:43:24.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One is enough.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:24.06,0:43:28.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remarkably HIV is a difficult infection to transmit.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:28.09,0:43:34.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This contradicts everything I was ever taught about the sexual transmission of HIV.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:34.10,0:43:40.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AIDS is the best example of what's really scary and alarming and dangerous about
Dialogue: 0,0:43:40.02,0:43:45.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our culture right now. Which is that it's a culture of PR.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:45.04,0:43:48.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a public relations phenomenon.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:48.08,0:43:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The truth doesn't matter. What matters is the image.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:58.00,0:44:04.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we were talking about reality. The reality is the AIDS is over.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:12.07,0:44:18.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Somebody decided in the early 80's that there is this infection called HIV.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:18.07,0:44:24.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And upon deciding that I don't think it was debated enough.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:26.02,0:44:31.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1983 Dr. Luc Montagnier and his team of researchers identified what they thought
Dialogue: 0,0:44:31.02,0:44:34.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,might be the cause of AIDS.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:49.03,0:44:56.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not an actual work with rapidly reinforced additional virology studies in Bob Galo's lab
Dialogue: 0,0:44:56.03,0:44:58.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Washington.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:58.09,0:45:03.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Galo got pushed by the Reagan's administration that wanted to do something on AIDS finally.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:03.06,0:45:07.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They would literally told us to just to close lab down.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:07.09,0:45:13.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't care about this bunch of gays. Who gives a shit. And that was really the whole story.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:13.04,0:45:19.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the whole thing that they rested their political response was - well we discovered the virus.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:20.07,0:45:22.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Good afternoon ladies and gentleman.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:22.10,0:45:25.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The probable cause of AIDS has been found.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:25.07,0:45:31.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Credit must go to our eminent doctor Robert Gallo who directed the research
Dialogue: 0,0:45:31.02,0:45:34.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that produced this discovery.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:34.06,0:45:36.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What was new that day.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:36.05,0:45:40.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's for the first time we were saying - that's cause. I'm sure.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:40.05,0:45:46.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Was a silly press conference. There was not an evidence that the HIV was the cause of AIDS
Dialogue: 0,0:45:46.01,0:45:48.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or wasn't called HIV.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:48.06,0:45:53.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was certainly evidence that he didn't discover it. It was discovered in France.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:55.00,0:46:01.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The conference was held before any of Robert Gallo's papers were published.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:01.07,0:46:06.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Therefore before any other scientists had a chance to review them and look at the evidence
Dialogue: 0,0:46:06.08,0:46:09.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and see if got it right or wrong.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:10.04,0:46:16.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Gallo's philosophy was to have people to whom he would give the virus in his own control
Dialogue: 0,0:46:16.09,0:46:20.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that any information that came out of that would come through him.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:20.06,0:46:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that he got all the information and he would often put his name on the publication.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:25.00,0:46:32.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But should you have any broader view other his personal glory and your personal glory...
Dialogue: 0,0:46:32.03,0:46:35.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was not a scientific pursuit in any way.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:35.03,0:46:39.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The US department of health and human services decided from now on we are only
Dialogue: 0,0:46:39.09,0:46:46.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,going to fund aid research that assumes that Robert Gallo's virus is the cause.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:46.08,0:46:51.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I didn't think HIV in 1984 was the cause of AIDS.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:51.03,0:46:56.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I did the study comparing gay men with Kaposis's and gay men with Pneumocystis.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:56.01,0:46:58.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I assumed there must be something else.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:58.06,0:47:02.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you go read my paper form 1985 that Curran and Jaffe would not sign on to.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:02.10,0:47:08.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I actually laid out the co-factor hypothesis in that paper.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:16.08,0:47:22.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well co-factors just says that the cause of the disease is by more than one factor.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:23.04,0:47:30.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just simply being a picked with HIV is not gonna do it. You need certain co-factors.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:30.07,0:47:33.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Co-factors are not necessary...
Dialogue: 0,0:47:34.00,0:47:37.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dr. Fauci would said: - HIV causes AIDS without the need of anything else.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:37.06,0:47:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's kind of ridiculous.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:39.05,0:47:44.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The data that indicate that any different type of infection like Mycoplasma
Dialogue: 0,0:47:44.01,0:47:50.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or something like that is a necessary co-factor. \NI believe those theories have been debunked.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:50.08,0:47:57.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What does he mean that there are no co-factors?
Dialogue: 0,0:47:57.02,0:48:01.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where is he coming from? There's co-factors for everything.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:01.02,0:48:07.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Co-factor plays something specific. And it really gets us of into tracks.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:08.00,0:48:14.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Gallo isn't gonna change his mind. He's probably 70 years plus now.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:14.05,0:48:20.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's gonna remember things... Well we all remember things that are good for us.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:20.01,0:48:23.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we forget the bad things.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:24.09,0:48:29.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The co-factors are important to really understand how people get ill.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:29.06,0:48:31.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why they get ill?
Dialogue: 0,0:48:31.08,0:48:38.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is asked of an AIDS journalist is to deny an existing reality which is
Dialogue: 0,0:48:38.02,0:48:44.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a strong growing body of descent on a scientific question.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:46.05,0:48:54.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In August of '92 my daddy has just red his latest national review and there was an article there
Dialogue: 0,0:48:54.09,0:48:59.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about Peter Duesberg a cell biologist.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:59.02,0:49:03.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said he didn't think HIV caused AIDS.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:03.07,0:49:10.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To deny this well identified, well characterized virus is linked with AIDS is
Dialogue: 0,0:49:10.06,0:49:13.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to my mind just potty.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:13.10,0:49:19.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said: -We can't replicate this in my office. I can't get this virus to do anything.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:19.06,0:49:22.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We thought. Oh my gosh my dad is really daydreaming.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:22.06,0:49:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's trying to wish this all away, because he knows how upset we are.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:26.00,0:49:30.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just wish it all away and everybody will be gone happy.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:32.07,0:49:37.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If Fauci would say there's a billion dollars for alternative theories of AIDS
Dialogue: 0,0:49:37.06,0:49:40.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you wouldn't believe what's gonna happen.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:40.09,0:49:46.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A lot of HIV researches over night would start co-factors.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:46.05,0:49:49.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first year they would call them co-factors of HIV.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:49.09,0:49:56.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the next year the co- would be topped and HIV would be topped an year later.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:57.00,0:50:03.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Peter's highly intelligent he did excellent work. I mean no wonder he got full professorship in Berkley
Dialogue: 0,0:50:03.08,0:50:08.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and was nominated for the American academy of sciences but I told you quite frankly
Dialogue: 0,0:50:08.09,0:50:13.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that he's killing people with his theories and I still stick to that.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:13.08,0:50:19.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The attack him. They attack his ideas and they present some bogus way
Dialogue: 0,0:50:19.10,0:50:24.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of refuting what his science has said which is not a really refutable.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:25.01,0:50:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Peter Duesberg?
Dialogue: 0,0:50:27.09,0:50:31.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are all prostitutes. Most of them. My colleagues.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:31.02,0:50:36.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To some degree myself. You have to be a prostitute to get money for your research.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:36.05,0:50:40.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You a trained to be a little bit of a prostitute.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:41.02,0:50:43.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But some go all the way.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:45.00,0:50:50.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In light of all that scientific uncertainty I asked Dr. Fauci for evidence linking HIV
Dialogue: 0,0:50:50.02,0:50:53.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to immunodeficiency disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:53.09,0:51:00.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you put the combined findings of the initial characterization as a distinct retrovirus
Dialogue: 0,0:51:00.09,0:51:07.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,isolated by Montagnier and his group together with Gallo linking the virus to being the cause
Dialogue: 0,0:51:07.03,0:51:11.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of AIDS and you put those thing together. And that's how we have confirmation
Dialogue: 0,0:51:11.06,0:51:16.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the causative agent of AIDS in the name of HIV.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:16.05,0:51:22.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Still unclear about the evidence for HIV's existence I decided the best way to verify it would be
Dialogue: 0,0:51:22.07,0:51:24.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to actually see it.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:24.08,0:51:28.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I asked Dr. Hans Gelderblom, a world renowned electron microscopist if he thought
Dialogue: 0,0:51:28.09,0:51:33.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there was any reason to question Dr. Montagnier's published images.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:34.02,0:51:38.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've see these publications. Stamp sized images.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:38.09,0:51:41.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a nuisance.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:41.04,0:51:44.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a nuisance. You do not really see much.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:44.09,0:51:49.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we saw that photo we said - suggestive but not convincing.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:50.02,0:51:54.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dr. Gallo one year later published photographs he claimed to be of HIV.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:54.05,0:51:56.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Were his any better?
Dialogue: 0,0:51:56.07,0:52:03.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There pictures were not so impressive. They were not much better than Montagnier's images.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:03.09,0:52:08.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's one thing to look like and another thing is to be a virus.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:09.04,0:52:13.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 2002 I stumbled across an article by Valendar Turner
Dialogue: 0,0:52:13.03,0:52:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Andrew McIntyre of the Perth group in Australia and he questioned whether
Dialogue: 0,0:52:18.00,0:52:20.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there has even been found a virus.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:21.05,0:52:25.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I became consumed with researching this. I could read from morning till night.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:25.09,0:52:30.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every day and every link to another link. And I wold email to those people and say
Dialogue: 0,0:52:30.01,0:52:35.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where is the test? I want to know. Am I dying? Am I contagious?
Dialogue: 0,0:52:35.07,0:52:39.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they weren't even very kind. They were just like - read articles again.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:39.05,0:52:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How many times we have to tell you? There is no test.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:43.06,0:52:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is crucial to understand that an AIDS diagnosis is for ever. It can not be reversed or alleviated.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:51.05,0:52:56.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The stigma attached to people knowing that you have it and you're living with it worse
Dialogue: 0,0:52:56.02,0:52:58.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that actually living with it.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:58.08,0:53:01.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can't think of anybody who's ever been evicted from their apartment because
Dialogue: 0,0:53:01.08,0:53:06.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they had breast cancer or because they had cerebral palsy.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:06.07,0:53:11.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,i did a campaign to address stigma. The message is that if anyone's infected
Dialogue: 0,0:53:11.05,0:53:14.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we are all infected.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:14.05,0:53:18.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some have it medically some have it socially, some have it culturally.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:18.05,0:53:22.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in the end of the day if it exists anywhere it exist everywhere.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:22.10,0:53:26.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't all have AIDS. And when you start bullshittng it it's a problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:26.09,0:53:29.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know. We don't ALL have AIDS.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:29.08,0:53:35.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We all have to be sympathetic to AIDS and yes there's all kinds of people who get HIV infection
Dialogue: 0,0:53:35.04,0:53:43.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we don't need to make, on my view, non truths. Or just have a slogan or a symbol
Dialogue: 0,0:53:43.07,0:53:46.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We all have AIDS". No, we don't all have AIDS.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:46.06,0:53:49.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well my message is you do have it whether you wanna accept is or not.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:49.05,0:53:58.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Are you medically susceptible? Maybe not. But are you socially vulnerable? Yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:58.06,0:54:07.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In June of 2007 the BBC featured a new story which began - "HIV infection theory challenged"
Dialogue: 0,0:54:09.08,0:54:18.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Living cells are complicated. And how they work inside the body is even more complicated.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:18.08,0:54:26.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there is still a lot of debate of how exactly HIV causes AIDS.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:26.08,0:54:31.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In March of 2008 The Washington Post went onto state that multiple surprises have reminded
Dialogue: 0,0:54:31.09,0:54:38.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,researchers how much they still don't know about HIV's biology.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:38.08,0:54:45.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,HIV's got to get inside the circulation of the body. And it does that in a ways that are
Dialogue: 0,0:54:45.10,0:54:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not completely understood.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:49.05,0:54:56.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The prime target for HIV is a T-cell population called CD4 helper T-cells.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:57.07,0:55:04.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The way that the virus gets into the target cell it fuses its membrane to the membrane of the cell.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:05.01,0:55:10.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't understand the fusion process. I don't think anybody completely understands it.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:10.09,0:55:17.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have a relatively poor understanding of how viral proteins interact with the proteins in the cell.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:19.08,0:55:23.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How come our antibodies aren't able to keep HIV in check?
Dialogue: 0,0:55:24.00,0:55:27.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's an excellent question that's one of the greatest stumbling blocks.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:27.04,0:55:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They can't prove that HIV is the cause of AIDS.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:31.00,0:55:35.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK? The can not prove that HIV is the cause of the collapse of the immune system
Dialogue: 0,0:55:35.08,0:55:38.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no matter how many scientific journals say there is.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:38.05,0:55:42.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you go to the basic research it doesn't prove it.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:42.06,0:55:52.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are almost convinced that there is also factors that are involved in the lost of CD4 cells
Dialogue: 0,0:55:52.02,0:55:56.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we don't know yet all the mechanisms.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:56.06,0:56:03.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How HIV depletes the T-cells so an individual advances to AIDS is probably
Dialogue: 0,0:56:03.08,0:56:09.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,due to multi factoral elements.
Dialogue: 0,0:56:11.00,0:56:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One is it will kill the cell eventually that it infects.
Dialogue: 0,0:56:17.02,0:56:22.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,HIV does not necessarily kill the cells that it infects.
Dialogue: 0,0:56:23.06,0:56:29.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some T-cells are directly killed by HIV and other T-cells keep the virus in check .
Dialogue: 0,0:56:29.04,0:56:35.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a silent state within the cell. And i think in many cases these cells can return
Dialogue: 0,0:56:35.09,0:56:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to a normal function.
Dialogue: 0,0:56:38.01,0:56:43.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can that cell return to a normal state? I don't think so.
Dialogue: 0,0:56:44.09,0:56:50.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I was told I was HIV positive I accepted that on a very deep level.
Dialogue: 0,0:56:50.03,0:56:54.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But only by having a courage to open minds...
Dialogue: 0,0:56:57.01,0:57:05.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...and open hearts to answer these questions. Are we ever going to know how to help people?
Dialogue: 0,0:57:05.07,0:57:11.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How to do what we need to do to help people?
Dialogue: 0,0:57:12.01,0:57:17.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In late 2007 Science Daily reported that three prominent research teams had published
Dialogue: 0,0:57:17.05,0:57:22.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,papers in the journal of immunology challenging the theory that sudden lost of T-cells
Dialogue: 0,0:57:22.02,0:57:24.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,triggers disease and AIDS.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:24.10,0:57:30.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The details of HIV pathogenesis, how HIV kills people are still being worked out.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:31.02,0:57:37.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If the sudden loss of T-cells in HIV positive individuals can't explain why people get deceased
Dialogue: 0,0:57:37.02,0:57:40.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then there must be co-factors to cause people to get sick and dying.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:40.08,0:57:44.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or factors that have absolutely nothing to do with HIV.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:44.09,0:57:50.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While researching HIV hot spots I began to realize there is a direct co-relation
Dialogue: 0,0:57:50.01,0:57:55.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in this places with another condition that leads to immunodeficiency and death.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:56.02,0:58:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think it is important to keep in mind, especially for us in the west
Dialogue: 0,0:58:00.00,0:58:06.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that poverty is not a romantic issue. It is a deadly issue.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:06.05,0:58:12.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Poverty leads to diseases and premature deaths. PERIOD.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:14.05,0:58:18.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you look at the symptoms that they talk about, you know, for people that are HIV positive
Dialogue: 0,0:58:18.09,0:58:22.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you find that some of them, they are more related to malnutrition.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:33.06,0:58:37.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People are hungry. They are undeveloped. There are no hospitals. There's no propper
Dialogue: 0,0:58:37.02,0:58:39.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,medical care.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:39.05,0:58:45.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You take away poverty and you give the people the ability to fight infections.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:46.01,0:58:48.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are toilets?\N-Yeah
Dialogue: 0,0:59:25.00,0:59:30.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why have we done nothing for African people? Just like giving clean water so they don't die
Dialogue: 0,0:59:30.02,0:59:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in infancy of diarrhea or diseases or stuff like this?
Dialogue: 0,0:59:33.00,0:59:36.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All we care about is HIV and AIDS. Well...
Dialogue: 0,0:59:36.01,0:59:41.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Question - well there's money in it. There has to be, you know, other dynamic workings
Dialogue: 0,0:59:41.01,0:59:47.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to lead public interest to the African situation and ignore clean water.
Dialogue: 0,0:59:47.03,0:59:51.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sanitation, malaria. I mean - thing that kill people.
Dialogue: 0,0:59:51.04,0:59:52.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a beginning of a war.
Dialogue: 0,0:59:52.09,0:59:58.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is a war to reclaim our health.
Dialogue: 0,1:00:00.05,1:00:06.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 2008 USA Today published a new story that stated "If we look at the data objectively
Dialogue: 0,1:00:06.03,1:00:08.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are spending too much on AIDS..."
Dialogue: 0,1:00:08.09,1:00:14.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,About 10 billion dollars a year are spent on AIDS when 2 billion people live with no sanitation.
Dialogue: 0,1:00:14.09,1:00:17.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1 billion lack access to clean water
Dialogue: 0,1:00:17.09,1:00:22.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and malnutrition kills someone every 10 seconds.
Dialogue: 0,1:00:22.02,1:00:26.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These factors enable diseases to thrive and severely weaken the immune system of those
Dialogue: 0,1:00:26.04,1:00:29.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,living in such squatter.
Dialogue: 0,1:00:30.02,1:00:34.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we are to take all that money and put it towards developing poor countries
Dialogue: 0,1:00:34.07,1:00:37.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,God would be so proud of us indeed.
Dialogue: 0,1:00:37.04,1:00:42.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because we would have taken away the major challenge that's facing human kind.
Dialogue: 0,1:00:42.02,1:00:48.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that is people dying in silence. Slow painful deaths from being scared of something
Dialogue: 0,1:00:48.01,1:00:52.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was just packaged as AIDS.
Dialogue: 0,1:00:55.00,1:00:59.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Could it be that the real epidemic is extreme poverty and not HIV?
Dialogue: 0,1:00:59.09,1:01:04.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the other hand. HIV allegedly occurs in the United States as well.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:04.07,1:01:10.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I looked for alternative causes of immunodeficiency in this wealthiest of nations.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:10.08,1:01:15.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are other ways you reproduce condition that looks like AIDS but they too will be
Dialogue: 0,1:01:15.10,1:01:23.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some source that causes a severe defect in the immune response.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:23.06,1:01:31.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,90 million Americans now ate taking illegit toxemina but we don't talk about this.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:31.03,1:01:33.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is politically incorrect.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:33.08,1:01:39.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There have been a number of theories as to what the origin of HIV/AIDS is. One of them
Dialogue: 0,1:01:39.09,1:01:47.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was a theory that certainly turned out to be completely incorrect. That it's a lifestyle phenomenon.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:49.01,1:01:56.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The large epidemic of STD's in general in late 70's and particularly in gay men in San Francisco,
Dialogue: 0,1:01:56.08,1:02:02.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,New York, Los Angeles were meccas of the new lifestyle which came from the liberation
Dialogue: 0,1:02:02.08,1:02:05.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the post stone wall era.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:06.08,1:02:11.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The more partners you could have the more you were striking a blow for gay live.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:11.03,1:02:15.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I remember talking to one of the people who was in forefront of that lifestyle.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:15.08,1:02:20.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Very much felt like - if you did have another Syphilis or Gonorrhea or whatever it might be
Dialogue: 0,1:02:20.05,1:02:27.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it was like a notch. Another victory notched up for his right to exist as a gay man.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:28.00,1:02:30.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I went on a vacation to Los Angeles.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:30.09,1:02:36.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it wasn't that wild but in one night I went to a bath house I came home with, get this...
Dialogue: 0,1:02:36.10,1:02:44.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the same time Syphilis, Gonorrhea and two forms of parasites.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:45.00,1:02:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have no views about that you know in a judgmental kind of sense but certainly
Dialogue: 0,1:02:49.00,1:02:54.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from a public health point of view that's kind of a prescription for disaster.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:54.02,1:02:57.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because AIDS firs occurred in these men who were not healthy. For reasons
Dialogue: 0,1:02:57.08,1:03:00.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were obvious to everyone.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:01.07,1:03:07.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're talking thousands of partners. Sometimes hundreds, you know per month.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:07.06,1:03:14.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lots of antibiotic use. Lots of drugs use and...
Dialogue: 0,1:03:14.09,1:03:18.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know the result - people were getting pretty sick.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:18.08,1:03:26.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is a drug called amyl nitrite. It was developed in 1850's-1860's
Dialogue: 0,1:03:26.01,1:03:30.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Came in ampules and it became know as poppers cause you pop them when you open
Dialogue: 0,1:03:30.09,1:03:34.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these ampules to sniff them.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:34.08,1:03:40.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The firs AIDS cases for example that Mike Godly reported were all five gay men.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:40.05,1:03:43.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were young. They all used poppers.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:44.01,1:03:48.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Poppers. Somebody walks around hoffing all night. I mean. It says flammable,
Dialogue: 0,1:03:48.05,1:03:51.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fatal if swallowed on the side of the bottle.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:51.09,1:03:57.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're walking around haffing it all night long. Why? Gives you a great rush.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:58.04,1:04:04.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Poppers was a sex drug. They were in every gay bath house, every bar, every porno book store
Dialogue: 0,1:04:04.09,1:04:07.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,across the nation.
Dialogue: 0,1:04:07.01,1:04:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Poppers were visible on the dance floor at the discos.
Dialogue: 0,1:04:10.00,1:04:13.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the end of the evening the bartender would announce last call for alcohol,
Dialogue: 0,1:04:13.05,1:04:16.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,last call for poppers.
Dialogue: 0,1:04:16.05,1:04:20.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was like a mad wonderful kind of a dance that was being done. But if you think that
Dialogue: 0,1:04:20.03,1:04:24.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can happen for ever you are wrong.
Dialogue: 0,1:04:24.04,1:04:32.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whether or not HIV exists? Whether it's a role in a weakened immune system?
Dialogue: 0,1:04:32.02,1:04:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's almost irrelevant when compare it to what was going on at that time.
Dialogue: 0,1:04:37.02,1:04:41.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The lifestyle explanation proved politically unacceptable.
Dialogue: 0,1:04:41.08,1:04:47.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the virus explanation proved very, very acceptable to many different parties.
Dialogue: 0,1:04:47.06,1:04:55.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pneumocystis pneumonia and Kaposi's sarcoma were the hallmark diseases for AIDS in the early years.
Dialogue: 0,1:04:55.06,1:05:03.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To go back and deconstruct and say - what exactly did caused Pneumocystis pneumonia?
Dialogue: 0,1:05:03.07,1:05:08.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I remember the first patient that I ever saw. My resident brought me to see a young gay man
Dialogue: 0,1:05:08.09,1:05:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with Pneumocystis pneumonia. I knew a little about the use of poppers or amyl nitrite inhalants.
Dialogue: 0,1:05:17.00,1:05:19.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I started asking a patient if he used them and it turned out to be was
Dialogue: 0,1:05:19.08,1:05:25.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a very heavy user of amyl nitrites. And much to the surprise of my students I said:
Dialogue: 0,1:05:25.01,1:05:29.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think that the man probably has destroyed his pulmonary immune system
Dialogue: 0,1:05:29.08,1:05:32.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by inhaling this toxin.
Dialogue: 0,1:05:32.09,1:05:36.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What exactly cause Kaposi's sarcoma? We know that now.
Dialogue: 0,1:05:36.05,1:05:39.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was amyl nitrite.
Dialogue: 0,1:05:39.06,1:05:46.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We saw KS decline. Interesting the parallel to the decline in popper use.
Dialogue: 0,1:05:46.10,1:05:53.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We now know that Kaposi's sarcoma is caused by a second virus - Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8).
Dialogue: 0,1:05:54.01,1:05:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To rescue comes another virus. As always when you need... When you're in trouble
Dialogue: 0,1:05:59.00,1:06:00.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you find another virus.
Dialogue: 0,1:06:01.01,1:06:06.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If one wants to look at really what causes this we've got to look beyond just HIV
Dialogue: 0,1:06:06.09,1:06:09.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and just beyond HHV8.
Dialogue: 0,1:06:09.08,1:06:15.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Calling it a disease and you give it that name - AIDS. Everything is included under that name.
Dialogue: 0,1:06:15.05,1:06:19.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You don't have to decide. I mean you just said: - You know these people have
Dialogue: 0,1:06:19.03,1:06:23.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a lot of diseases, all kinds of diseases you wouldn't have the same impact.
Dialogue: 0,1:06:23.04,1:06:28.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was much better to say: - There is infectious organism on the lose in America
Dialogue: 0,1:06:28.04,1:06:31.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it could get you.
Dialogue: 0,1:06:35.08,1:06:40.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I interviewed the world's leading HIV experts and discovered that the two benchmark
Dialogue: 0,1:06:40.05,1:06:44.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,diseases of AIDS have alternate explanations.
Dialogue: 0,1:06:44.04,1:06:48.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once again I turned to Dr. Golderblom seeking proof of HIV's existence in the
Dialogue: 0,1:06:48.08,1:06:51.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,most resent images available.
Dialogue: 0,1:06:52.02,1:07:00.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here you do not see anything about the details but I would say it's probably a virus.
Dialogue: 0,1:07:00.07,1:07:03.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are HIV here?\N-Yes.
Dialogue: 0,1:07:03.06,1:07:05.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Are these HIV too?\N-Yes, yes.
Dialogue: 0,1:07:06.03,1:07:08.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everything?\N-Probably.
Dialogue: 0,1:07:10.04,1:07:14.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What can I tell you? It exists.
Dialogue: 0,1:07:17.03,1:07:20.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Gallo would say he had all that viruses and it was all a lie.
Dialogue: 0,1:07:21.03,1:07:27.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think HIV totally has turned out not to be the cause of AIDS. HIV has turned out no to be.
Dialogue: 0,1:07:28.04,1:07:33.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Galderblom's images said to come from isolated HIV cultures provided no proof
Dialogue: 0,1:07:33.07,1:07:38.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for HIV's existence. So I asked Nobel laureate Dr. David Baltimore
Dialogue: 0,1:07:38.04,1:07:43.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Dr. Robin Weiss how they would isolate and photograph this illusive virus.
Dialogue: 0,1:07:44.05,1:07:52.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well Dr. Gallo do that. I mean he actually isolated it so... Why should I do all of this?
Dialogue: 0,1:07:52.01,1:07:56.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is all textbook stuff you are asking me.
Dialogue: 0,1:07:57.05,1:08:01.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm not quite sure what's behind your question about isolation.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:01.04,1:08:06.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't want to be your textbook. You know? I got other thing to do.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:07.08,1:08:11.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are embarrassed. The scientists are being embarrassed about this.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:11.08,1:08:14.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They know that it's flawed.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:14.06,1:08:21.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1987 the CDC made two mind boggling changes in the definition of AIDS which are in effect today.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:21.01,1:08:25.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can be diagnosed with AIDS without ever having a HIV test.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:26.03,1:08:31.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1987 I had galleria on my arm and it was KS - Kaposi's sarcoma.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:31.10,1:08:35.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The doctor diagnosed you with AIDS without a HIV test? -Yes.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:36.04,1:08:40.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can be diagnosed with AIDS if you have tested negative for HIV.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:41.04,1:08:46.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Albert McKeen found 16 patients with Kaposi's sarcoma among gay men
Dialogue: 0,1:08:46.09,1:08:49.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in New York city in the 80's.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:49.04,1:08:52.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They did not have a HIV infection.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:52.08,1:08:56.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yet they had AIDS by our definition, right?
Dialogue: 0,1:08:56.05,1:09:03.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In WHO publication Dr. Chin writes - "it should be emphasized that surveillance definitions
Dialogue: 0,1:09:03.03,1:09:08.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for AIDS were not intended to be reliable indicators for HIV infection".
Dialogue: 0,1:09:09.03,1:09:16.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you have thousands of documented cases of AIDS without HIV, haw can HIV cause AIDS?
Dialogue: 0,1:09:16.09,1:09:18.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why do you believe that HIV does cause AIDS?
Dialogue: 0,1:09:18.08,1:09:20.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cause that's the information I've been given.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:20.08,1:09:22.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because we've never been told anything different.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:25.06,1:09:28.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because that's what the scientific community has told us.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:28.07,1:09:36.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Scientists are suppose to observe, experiment and reason for what they observe.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:36.05,1:09:43.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are not suppose to grab hold of an idea and cling to it and adjust everything else
Dialogue: 0,1:09:43.02,1:09:46.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in their perceptions to fit that idea.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:47.02,1:09:52.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think a HIV positive test means that you life is for ever changed.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:52.01,1:09:58.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have a whole new battery of things to consider for yourself. What does it mean to me?
Dialogue: 0,1:09:58.07,1:10:04.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's very hard to find anyone who support you when you say
Dialogue: 0,1:10:04.02,1:10:07.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- I don't think I'm gonna die of HIV or AIDS.
Dialogue: 0,1:10:08.02,1:10:13.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's the typical model of HIV equals AIDS equals death.
Dialogue: 0,1:10:13.07,1:10:16.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How invested am I gonna be in that model?
Dialogue: 0,1:10:16.08,1:10:21.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everyone who's infected with HIV would like to deny it. It's a bad prognosis.
Dialogue: 0,1:10:21.10,1:10:25.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It means you've got to take drugs for the rest of your life etc.
Dialogue: 0,1:10:25.03,1:10:30.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there's people who want to say - I'm one of the people who tested positive
Dialogue: 0,1:10:30.05,1:10:32.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I'm not gonna get the disease.
Dialogue: 0,1:10:33.06,1:10:38.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do I start treatment? Treatment meaning the antiviral drugs? If ever?
Dialogue: 0,1:10:42.00,1:10:48.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We started taking Lindsy to a doctor at the children's medical clinic.
Dialogue: 0,1:10:48.07,1:10:55.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She gave us a prescription for a retro-viral syrup which is AZT.
Dialogue: 0,1:10:56.00,1:11:01.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was so important for us to get something to help our baby that we sat on the floor
Dialogue: 0,1:11:01.09,1:11:05.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the pharmacy and gave here the first dose.
Dialogue: 0,1:11:05.06,1:11:11.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Shortly after Lindsy began AZT treatments side effects began to emerge.
Dialogue: 0,1:11:11.02,1:11:15.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Her eating habits changed quite a bit. She didn't eat well.
Dialogue: 0,1:11:15.04,1:11:20.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She was hard to handle at the table. And then the leg cramp started.
Dialogue: 0,1:11:20.03,1:11:23.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once that's started it got progressively worse.
Dialogue: 0,1:11:23.08,1:11:28.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She was just screaming. This screaming in the middle of the night.
Dialogue: 0,1:11:28.02,1:11:33.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was like... Must have been like sharp pain.
Dialogue: 0,1:11:33.07,1:11:36.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Makes you feel sick to your stomach.
Dialogue: 0,1:11:45.02,1:11:51.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we switched over to the university the the dosage of AZT went up and that's
Dialogue: 0,1:11:51.04,1:11:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when she started flatting out.
Dialogue: 0,1:11:55.00,1:12:00.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The doctors were trying to put a positive spin on how well she was progressing.
Dialogue: 0,1:12:00.03,1:12:04.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was mainly on the T-cells that weren't always a positive positive situation.
Dialogue: 0,1:12:05.02,1:12:08.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yeah the T-cells count would go down and then the doctors would say - well we better
Dialogue: 0,1:12:08.10,1:12:11.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,raise that AZT dosage.
Dialogue: 0,1:12:11.08,1:12:14.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Get that T-cell count back up.
Dialogue: 0,1:12:14.08,1:12:18.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were going - I think it's kind of making her sick cause she doesn't want to eat.
Dialogue: 0,1:12:18.07,1:12:23.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She's having a leg cramps. And they\d say what is the HIV - that's what it does.
Dialogue: 0,1:12:23.07,1:12:26.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's all a part of the package.
Dialogue: 0,1:12:26.02,1:12:31.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The treatment causes very similar conditions we would expect form an AIDS patient.
Dialogue: 0,1:12:31.02,1:12:36.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's why nobody noticed that there was something wrong with the treatment.
Dialogue: 0,1:12:36.03,1:12:42.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I remember after 1992 after I first tested positive I became involved in an organization
Dialogue: 0,1:12:42.01,1:12:44.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called "Women at risk".
Dialogue: 0,1:12:44.04,1:12:50.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There were eleven of us at the time on the board and involved in the group.
Dialogue: 0,1:12:50.02,1:12:54.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All of us except three were on medications.
Dialogue: 0,1:12:54.05,1:13:01.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In an year and a half that I was involved with "Women at risk" every single woman
Dialogue: 0,1:13:01.04,1:13:08.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in that organization on the drugs died. Every single one. Except the three of us
Dialogue: 0,1:13:08.02,1:13:11.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who weren't taking them.
Dialogue: 0,1:13:16.03,1:13:20.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We weren't just given handful of ATZ. We demanded it.
Dialogue: 0,1:13:24.07,1:13:32.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We considered the FDA not giving us these things as being anti-gay. Instead of being responsible.
Dialogue: 0,1:13:32.07,1:13:37.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so we went lobbying and we pushed for all these things. And we didn't think
Dialogue: 0,1:13:37.08,1:13:41.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,clearly about what it was we were asking for. It's the same like - Be careful what you've
Dialogue: 0,1:13:41.03,1:13:43.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,asked for it might come to pass.
Dialogue: 0,1:13:43.06,1:13:48.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That\s the very reason why everybody believes HIV is a deadly virus.
Dialogue: 0,1:13:48.04,1:13:52.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because the HIV positive patients at that time got a deadly treatment.
Dialogue: 0,1:13:52.07,1:13:58.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Despite the billions spent on the drugs tens of thousands of people today will die.
Dialogue: 0,1:13:58.03,1:14:03.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now a growing number of studies are questioning the drugs usefulness.
Dialogue: 0,1:14:06.10,1:14:15.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We just decided between ourselves and... In November to write to Peter Duesberg
Dialogue: 0,1:14:15.03,1:14:19.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And say - Sorry to bother you. Are you for real? And if Lindsy was your daughter
Dialogue: 0,1:14:19.10,1:14:22.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what would you do?
Dialogue: 0,1:14:22.02,1:14:27.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On November 11-th we got a big package and he said - You gotta take your daughter of AZT
Dialogue: 0,1:14:27.02,1:14:31.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,immediately of she will die from it like kimberly Bergalis.
Dialogue: 0,1:14:31.10,1:14:36.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is AIDS by prescription. You get immunodeficiency and you die from the toxin.
Dialogue: 0,1:14:36.02,1:14:38.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is AIDS by prescription.
Dialogue: 0,1:14:39.04,1:14:47.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When AZT became widely available in 1985-1986 I cautioned my patients not to jump
Dialogue: 0,1:14:47.01,1:14:50.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the band wagon and start being treated.
Dialogue: 0,1:14:50.02,1:14:56.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I didn't want to see my community poisoned by an infective therapy.
Dialogue: 0,1:14:56.09,1:15:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think in retrospect the dose they started with AZT was a dangerous and poorly tolerated dose.
Dialogue: 0,1:15:03.04,1:15:09.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nobody wants to realize what was the real effect of this over treatment.
Dialogue: 0,1:15:09.07,1:15:14.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That means that we killed a whole generation of AIDS patients.
Dialogue: 0,1:15:23.01,1:15:27.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In '96 David Ho announced highly active anty retro viral therapy.
Dialogue: 0,1:15:28.01,1:15:31.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also known as the cocktail because the treatment combined a newly developed
Dialogue: 0,1:15:31.07,1:15:37.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,protease inhibitors with older HIV drugs such the chemotherapy drug - AZT.
Dialogue: 0,1:15:38.00,1:15:45.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was a revolution. What was 100% fatal illness now could be treated.
Dialogue: 0,1:15:46.03,1:15:53.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The AIDS medication today is not that toxic then it was in the early days.
Dialogue: 0,1:15:53.01,1:15:59.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's important drug regime that means it kills almost everything.
Dialogue: 0,1:16:00.08,1:16:05.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I play around with treatment interruption because I think the drugs are toxic.
Dialogue: 0,1:16:05.06,1:16:12.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And If I do the drugs continuously without interruption I think they'd have a cumulative damage.
Dialogue: 0,1:16:13.05,1:16:21.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the years that we've being the cocktail we found that there are lots of side effects.
Dialogue: 0,1:16:21.06,1:16:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In South Africa I spoke to couple of pharmacists specialized in a HIV treatment.
Dialogue: 0,1:16:26.03,1:16:28.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How often do you see side effects in patients?
Dialogue: 0,1:16:29.05,1:16:32.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All the time? \N- Yes, almost all the time.
Dialogue: 0,1:16:32.09,1:16:38.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We saw the lipodystrophy, the buffalo humps at the back of the neck and the lipoatrophy
Dialogue: 0,1:16:38.04,1:16:43.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is the loss of fat in the face and the arms giving people a very blunt look.
Dialogue: 0,1:16:44.04,1:16:49.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The risk of heart attack seams to be increased in people on these drugs.
Dialogue: 0,1:16:49.09,1:16:54.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With what we have no the side effects eventually are gonna out way the benefits.
Dialogue: 0,1:16:54.09,1:17:04.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the patients really do better for the short therm but in the long therm they die also.
Dialogue: 0,1:17:07.05,1:17:12.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1994 Audrey Serrano tested HIV positive. While initially healthy she was prescribed
Dialogue: 0,1:17:12.08,1:17:17.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AIDS drugs which nearly killed her and left her scarved for life.
Dialogue: 0,1:17:18.03,1:17:23.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In December 2007 after multiple negative tests she was awarded 2.5 million dollars
Dialogue: 0,1:17:23.02,1:17:25.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in damages.
Dialogue: 0,1:17:26.04,1:17:29.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some people are very fortunate. They don't have these side effects.
Dialogue: 0,1:17:29.02,1:17:33.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But many people do. So prolonged treatment is impossible.
Dialogue: 0,1:17:33.09,1:17:39.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know people were like horses, have no impact with some drugs, no side effects.
Dialogue: 0,1:17:39.09,1:17:42.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And somebody else falls apart.
Dialogue: 0,1:17:57.05,1:18:03.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Has a patient ever die form side effects?\N-Yeah. Sometimes.
Dialogue: 0,1:18:04.10,1:18:06.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sometimes it happens.
Dialogue: 0,1:18:07.05,1:18:10.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AIDS drugs are all classified as black box drugs.
Dialogue: 0,1:18:10.09,1:18:17.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A black box drug is the most severe waring that RFDA would put on a product.
Dialogue: 0,1:18:17.07,1:18:22.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It means you can die taking this because other people have died taking this.
Dialogue: 0,1:18:23.08,1:18:30.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My sister Joyce was my best friend. She's a great mom
Dialogue: 0,1:18:30.01,1:18:34.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and just a very lively person.
Dialogue: 0,1:18:34.10,1:18:39.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 2003 Joyce found out she was pregnant with with her second child.
Dialogue: 0,1:18:39.02,1:18:44.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She was offered a HIV test as a standard prenatal care by her obstetrician.
Dialogue: 0,1:18:44.07,1:18:48.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She called me at work and she said - I have something to tell you.
Dialogue: 0,1:18:48.04,1:18:50.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I said - What is it?
Dialogue: 0,1:18:50.02,1:18:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She said I'm HIV positive.
Dialogue: 0,1:18:53.05,1:18:56.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I took a big breath and said - Well it's not the end of the world.
Dialogue: 0,1:18:56.06,1:19:01.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And she said - I met this doctor today and he's a specialist and said that
Dialogue: 0,1:19:01.06,1:19:07.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is some medicines I can take that will keep my baby from being HIV positive.
Dialogue: 0,1:19:07.09,1:19:09.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,NEVIRAPINE.
Dialogue: 0,1:19:09.04,1:19:15.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Warning - severe life threatening skin reactions, including fatal cases...
Dialogue: 0,1:19:16.05,1:19:23.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One morning she was covered in these wilts and these rash. It was all over her face
Dialogue: 0,1:19:23.02,1:19:28.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all over her chest, all over arms and hands.
Dialogue: 0,1:19:28.04,1:19:34.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When they are talking about a rash that can kill you they are talking about a drug that targets
Dialogue: 0,1:19:34.09,1:19:42.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the actively replicating cells in your dermis in your mucous layers in your intestinal...
Dialogue: 0,1:19:42.06,1:19:48.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And stops the from working. And what happens - goodbye skin.
Dialogue: 0,1:19:48.08,1:19:54.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would never take them. I look it. I don't have problem with other people taking them
Dialogue: 0,1:19:54.08,1:20:00.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I as Criselda Kananda looking at the side effects that they come with, looking
Dialogue: 0,1:20:00.02,1:20:06.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the toxins they present in my body... Not now. Not ever.
Dialogue: 0,1:20:07.04,1:20:14.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have patients tested in 1985. They know all advises to take treatments but they declined
Dialogue: 0,1:20:14.03,1:20:18.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the treatment for different reasons.
Dialogue: 0,1:20:19.03,1:20:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because they don't want to take toxic works, because they are feeling well at that time.
Dialogue: 0,1:20:23.02,1:20:25.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And how are they doing today?
Dialogue: 0,1:20:25.03,1:20:26.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are still living.\N-Healthy?
Dialogue: 0,1:20:26.10,1:20:28.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes.
Dialogue: 0,1:20:29.04,1:20:34.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once we came to the conclusion that it was the drug that was causing the problem
Dialogue: 0,1:20:34.09,1:20:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,regardless of what HIV was going to do, she was gonna come off the drug no mater what.
Dialogue: 0,1:20:41.06,1:20:45.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If taking her off the drugs meant that she could sleep for the night and be happy
Dialogue: 0,1:20:45.01,1:20:51.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for 6 months that would be worth it, rather than live in agony for 2 years of 12 months.
Dialogue: 0,1:20:51.09,1:20:56.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You hear a lot of doctors, you hear a lot of educators, you hear a lot of people talk about.
Dialogue: 0,1:20:56.10,1:21:04.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is probably the drugs that are gonna kill us before the disease does.
Dialogue: 0,1:21:09.05,1:21:15.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What are the drugs doing to the bodies they are putting the bodies into coffins.
Dialogue: 0,1:21:16.03,1:21:21.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Before my sister started taking the drugs she was healthy. After she started the drugs
Dialogue: 0,1:21:21.09,1:21:28.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she developed an allergic reaction which made her look like a patient with full blown AIDS.
Dialogue: 0,1:21:28.04,1:21:35.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She was admitted to the hospital. She continue to spiral down. And within 37 days
Dialogue: 0,1:21:35.05,1:21:40.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from her first day of taking the medicine she was gone.
Dialogue: 0,1:21:42.07,1:21:47.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When news of Joyce's death reached the NIH emails were exchanged between the director
Dialogue: 0,1:21:47.06,1:21:52.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of AIDS division and the ethics and safety officer.
Dialogue: 0,1:21:52.02,1:21:57.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ed: there was fulminant liver failure resulting in a death on this trial last week...
Dialogue: 0,1:21:57.02,1:22:01.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ouch! Not much we can do about dumd docs.
Dialogue: 0,1:22:02.07,1:22:09.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are cynical enough to introduce drugs that they know will have toxic effects
Dialogue: 0,1:22:09.04,1:22:16.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and will carry certain mortality and they know that the life of the drug before this mortality becomes
Dialogue: 0,1:22:16.07,1:22:19.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,too obvious to ignore in say two or three years.
Dialogue: 0,1:22:19.06,1:22:22.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they work out what the sales are gonna be in those two or three years.
Dialogue: 0,1:22:22.10,1:22:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then they know they gonna have to reduce the dose.
Dialogue: 0,1:22:26.07,1:22:33.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Joyce has two sons. Jamal would be... He's in the senior high school this year.
Dialogue: 0,1:22:33.06,1:22:37.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sterling would be 4 years old.
Dialogue: 0,1:22:42.04,1:22:49.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If someone's gonna be giving me a diagnosis of certain death in 5 to 7 years I want scientific proof.
Dialogue: 0,1:22:49.04,1:22:51.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This isn't a religion.
Dialogue: 0,1:22:51.09,1:22:58.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My interest in questioning and breaking and exploring this "HIV cause AIDS"
Dialogue: 0,1:22:58.03,1:23:05.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is an instinct to liberate the people from a death sentence that isn't theirs to carry.
Dialogue: 0,1:23:06.00,1:23:09.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After we took Lindsy off AZT her weight did go up.
Dialogue: 0,1:23:09.03,1:23:11.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Within a couple of days the leg cramps went away.
Dialogue: 0,1:23:12.01,1:23:16.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And here physical body seamed to be doing pretty well but when she was disturbed
Dialogue: 0,1:23:16.08,1:23:20.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she was agitated very easily.
Dialogue: 0,1:23:21.06,1:23:27.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Her lifespan changed all the time. After she got to be two years old, the she'd only live
Dialogue: 0,1:23:27.04,1:23:29.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be five.
Dialogue: 0,1:23:30.05,1:23:34.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which got to be all in order and they said she might live to be seven
Dialogue: 0,1:23:35.06,1:23:38.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yeah but definitely wouldn't live in double digits.
Dialogue: 0,1:23:38.06,1:23:42.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That just was our live then.
Dialogue: 0,1:23:44.01,1:23:51.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Although Lindsy was on AZT for 24 months she made a full recovery form the pretentious side effects.
Dialogue: 0,1:23:51.05,1:23:55.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lindsy would be 19 in October of 2009.
Dialogue: 0,1:23:56.02,1:24:03.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because it's being surrounded from day one with so much emotion, so much fear,
Dialogue: 0,1:24:03.07,1:24:14.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so much psychology, so much drama very few people are capable of looking at AIDS logically.
Dialogue: 0,1:24:24.09,1:24:29.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you have a good immune system then your body can actually get rid of HIV?
Dialogue: 0,1:24:32.05,1:24:36.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you take a poor African who has been infected and you build up their immune system
Dialogue: 0,1:24:36.08,1:24:40.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is it possible for them to also naturally get rid of it?
Dialogue: 0,1:24:45.00,1:24:50.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's very easy to get people to think the right thing if you get to write it on a tablet to first time.
Dialogue: 0,1:24:50.08,1:24:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But once that was on the tablet and you got to erase it and put something else it's very hard
Dialogue: 0,1:24:56.00,1:24:58.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to get people thing differently.
Dialogue: 0,1:24:59.02,1:25:03.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The victims of HIV and the dedicated professionals combating it deserve our sympathy,
Dialogue: 0,1:25:03.07,1:25:06.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,compassion and respect.
Dialogue: 0,1:25:06.08,1:25:11.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However at journeys I find myself perplexed bewildered times with an overall fealing
Dialogue: 0,1:25:11.07,1:25:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of dismay and sadness.
Dialogue: 0,1:25:14.00,1:25:19.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I found a research community in disarray over the most fundamental understanding of HIV,
Dialogue: 0,1:25:19.02,1:25:23.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,although while presenting a monolithic public pasture of authority and certainty.
Dialogue: 0,1:25:23.07,1:25:29.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bluntly stated we have tested prove nothing. Remedies that kill and statistics manipulated
Dialogue: 0,1:25:29.06,1:25:32.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the point of absurdity.
Dialogue: 0,1:25:32.03,1:25:37.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,90% of global HIV corresponds to area of great poverty and squatter.
Dialogue: 0,1:25:37.08,1:25:43.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ironically while we may have been persuading a phantom killer, a shape shifting assassin,
Dialogue: 0,1:25:43.05,1:25:50.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,perhaps the real enemy has been hiding in plain view, clear as day and it's old as time.