[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.40,0:00:05.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I grew up in Bihar, India's poorest state,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.41,0:00:08.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I remember when I was six years old,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.88,0:00:12.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I remember coming home one day to find a cart
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.64,0:00:17.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,full of the most delicious sweets at our doorstep.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.96,0:00:21.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My brothers and I dug in,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.45,0:00:24.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's when my father came home.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.74,0:00:30.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was livid, and I still remember how we cried
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.20,0:00:34.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when that cart with our half-eaten sweets
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.27,0:00:37.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was pulled away from us.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.49,0:00:42.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Later, I understood why my father got so upset.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.29,0:00:45.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those sweets were a bribe
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.51,0:00:49.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from a contractor who was trying to get my father
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.09,0:00:52.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to award him a government contract.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.56,0:00:57.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My father was responsible for building roads in Bihar,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.22,0:01:01.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he had developed a firm stance against corruption,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.82,0:01:05.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even though he was harassed and threatened.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.87,0:01:09.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His was a lonely struggle, because Bihar
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.24,0:01:12.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was also India's most corrupt state,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.97,0:01:16.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where public officials were enriching themselves,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.74,0:01:20.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[rather] than serving the poor who had no means
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.83,0:01:24.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to express their anguish if their children
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.77,0:01:28.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had no food or no schooling.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.61,0:01:32.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I experienced this most viscerally
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.96,0:01:39.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when I traveled to remote villages to study poverty.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.26,0:01:43.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as I went village to village,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.08,0:01:49.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I remember one day, when I was famished and exhausted,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.59,0:01:51.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I was almost collapsing
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.91,0:01:54.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a scorching heat under a tree,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.94,0:02:00.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and just at that time, one of the poorest men in that village
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.100,0:02:06.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,invited me into his hut and graciously fed me.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.92,0:02:11.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Only I later realized that what he fed me
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.56,0:02:17.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was food for his entire family for two days.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.31,0:02:21.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This profound gift of generosity
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.73,0:02:27.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,challenged and changed the very purpose of my life.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.01,0:02:30.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I resolved to give back.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.78,0:02:35.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Later, I joined the World Bank, which sought to fight
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.08,0:02:40.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such poverty by transferring aid from rich to poor countries.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.85,0:02:45.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My initial work focused on Uganda, where I focused
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.88,0:02:50.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on negotiating reforms with the Finance Ministry of Uganda
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.11,0:02:52.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so they could access our loans.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.94,0:02:56.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But after we disbursed the loans, I remember
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.07,0:03:00.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a trip in Uganda where I found newly built schools
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.79,0:03:03.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without textbooks or teachers,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.57,0:03:06.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,new health clinics without drugs,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.49,0:03:12.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the poor once again without any voice or recourse.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.28,0:03:15.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was Bihar all over again.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.85,0:03:19.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bihar represents the challenge of development:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.81,0:03:23.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,abject poverty surrounded by corruption.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.72,0:03:27.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Globally, 1.3 billion people live on less than
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.98,0:03:32.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,$1.25 a day, and the work I did in Uganda
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.69,0:03:37.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,represents the traditional approach to these problems
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.62,0:03:41.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that has been practiced since 1944,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.92,0:03:47.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when winners of World War II, 500 founding fathers,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.54,0:03:50.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and one lonely founding mother,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.97,0:03:53.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gathered in New Hampshire, USA,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.40,0:03:56.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to establish the Bretton Woods institutions,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.02,0:03:57.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including the World Bank.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.82,0:04:01.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that traditional approach to development
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.12,0:04:05.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had three key elements. First, transfer of resources
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.06,0:04:07.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from rich countries in the North
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.01,0:04:09.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to poorer countries in the South,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.51,0:04:12.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,accompanied by reform prescriptions.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.40,0:04:15.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Second, the development institutions that channeled
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.96,0:04:20.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these transfers were opaque, with little transparency
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.73,0:04:24.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of what they financed or what results they achieved.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.53,0:04:28.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And third, the engagement in developing countries
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.44,0:04:31.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was with a narrow set of government elites
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.72,0:04:35.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with little interaction with the citizens, who are
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.04,0:04:39.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the ultimate beneficiaries of development assistance.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.32,0:04:43.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, each of these elements is opening up
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.52,0:04:46.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,due to dramatic changes in the global environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.88,0:04:50.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Open knowledge, open aid, open governance,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.58,0:04:54.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and together, they represent three key shifts
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.32,0:04:57.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are transforming development
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.09,0:05:00.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that also hold greater hope for the problems
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.80,0:05:05.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I witnessed in Uganda and in Bihar.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.38,0:05:08.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first key shift is open knowledge.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.34,0:05:11.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, developing countries today will not simply
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.90,0:05:15.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,accept solutions that are handed down to them
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.50,0:05:19.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the U.S., Europe or the World Bank.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.13,0:05:21.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They get their inspiration, their hope,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.96,0:05:24.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their practical know-how,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.36,0:05:27.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from successful emerging economies in the South.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.92,0:05:32.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They want to know how China lifted 500 million people
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.60,0:05:36.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,out of poverty in 30 years,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.26,0:05:39.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how Mexico's Oportunidades program
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.20,0:05:43.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,improved schooling and nutrition for millions of children.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.90,0:05:49.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the new ecosystem of open-knowledge flows,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.56,0:05:54.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not just traveling North to South, but South to South,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.50,0:05:56.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and even South to North,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.80,0:06:02.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with Mexico's Oportunidades today inspiring New York City.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.54,0:06:06.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And just as these North-to-South transfers are opening up,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.39,0:06:09.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so too are the development institutions
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.23,0:06:11.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that channeled these transfers.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.76,0:06:15.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the second shift: open aid.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.62,0:06:19.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Recently, the World Bank opened its vault of data
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.17,0:06:24.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for public use, releasing 8,000 economic and social indicators
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.04,0:06:28.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for 200 countries over 50 years,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.41,0:06:32.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it launched a global competition to crowdsource
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.38,0:06:36.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,innovative apps using this data.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.05,0:06:39.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Development institutions today are also opening
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.22,0:06:43.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for public scrutiny the projects they finance.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.04,0:06:47.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Take GeoMapping. In this map from Kenya,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.30,0:06:52.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the red dots show where all the schools financed by donors
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.02,0:06:56.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are located, and the darker the shade of green,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.01,0:06:59.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the more the number of out-of-school children.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.37,0:07:03.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this simple mashup reveals that donors
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.51,0:07:06.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have not financed any schools in the areas
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.49,0:07:08.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the most out-of-school children,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.59,0:07:12.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,provoking new questions. Is development assistance
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.69,0:07:17.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,targeting those who most need our help?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.30,0:07:20.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this manner, the World Bank has now GeoMapped
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.21,0:07:25.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,30,000 project activities in 143 countries,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.15,0:07:28.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and donors are using a common platform
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.32,0:07:31.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to map all their projects.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.27,0:07:36.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a tremendous leap forward in transparency
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.13,0:07:38.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and accountability of aid.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.97,0:07:41.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this leads me to the third, and in my view,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.97,0:07:45.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the most significant shift in development:
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.30,0:07:49.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,open governance. Governments today are opening up
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.52,0:07:53.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just as citizens are demanding voice and accountability.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.49,0:07:57.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From the Arab Spring to the Anna Hazare movement in India,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.52,0:08:00.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using mobile phones and social media
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.26,0:08:02.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not just for political accountability
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.87,0:08:07.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also for development accountability.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.02,0:08:11.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Are governments delivering services to the citizens?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.49,0:08:15.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So for instance, several governments in Africa
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.63,0:08:20.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Eastern Europe are opening their budgets to the public.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.66,0:08:24.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, you know, there is a big difference between a budget
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.06,0:08:28.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's public and a budget that's accessible.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.10,0:08:33.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a public budget. (Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.02,0:08:36.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as you can see, it's not really accessible
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.12,0:08:38.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or understandable to an ordinary citizen
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.84,0:08:43.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is trying to understand how the government is spending its resources.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.84,0:08:47.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To tackle this problem, governments are using new tools
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.78,0:08:52.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to visualize the budget so it's more understandable
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.46,0:08:54.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the public.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.66,0:08:58.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this map from Moldova, the green color shows
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.59,0:09:02.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those districts that have low spending on schools
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.68,0:09:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but good educational outcomes,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.00,0:09:08.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the red color shows the opposite.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.25,0:09:14.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tools like this help turn a shelf full of inscrutable documents
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.78,0:09:18.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into a publicly understandable visual,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.53,0:09:22.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what's exciting is that with this openness,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.30,0:09:26.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are today new opportunities for citizens
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.15,0:09:29.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to give feedback and engage with government.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.68,0:09:34.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in the Philippines today, parents and students
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.06,0:09:38.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can give real-time feedback on a website,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.21,0:09:43.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Checkmyschool.org, or using SMS, whether teachers
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.30,0:09:46.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and textbooks are showing up in school,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.10,0:09:50.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the same problems I witnessed in Uganda and in Bihar.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.75,0:09:53.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the government is responsive. So for instance,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.60,0:09:58.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when it was reported on this website that 800 students
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.11,0:10:02.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were at risk because school repairs had stalled
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.30,0:10:04.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,due to corruption, the Department of Education
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.89,0:10:07.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the Philippines took swift action.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.84,0:10:11.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you know what's exciting is that this innovation
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.54,0:10:16.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is now spreading South to South, from the Philippines
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.20,0:10:20.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to Indonesia, Kenya, Moldova and beyond.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.54,0:10:24.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, even an impoverished
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.80,0:10:28.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,community was able to use these tools
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.36,0:10:31.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to voice its aspirations.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.33,0:10:34.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is what the map of Tandale looked like
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.25,0:10:38.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in August, 2011. But within a few weeks,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.60,0:10:43.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,university students were able to use mobile phones
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.07,0:10:47.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and an open-source platform to dramatically map
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.62,0:10:51.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the entire community infrastructure.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.10,0:10:55.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what is very exciting is that citizens were then
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.57,0:11:00.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,able to give feedback as to which health or water points
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.58,0:11:03.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were not working, aggregated
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.45,0:11:06.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the red bubbles that you see,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.05,0:11:10.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which together provides a graphic visual
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.65,0:11:15.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the collective voices of the poor.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.10,0:11:20.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, even Bihar is turning around and opening up
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.71,0:11:23.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,under a committed leadership that is making government
Dialogue: 0,0:11:23.58,0:11:28.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,transparent, accessible and responsive to the poor.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.75,0:11:32.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, you know, in many parts of the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.28,0:11:35.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,governments are not interested in opening up
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.26,0:11:40.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or in serving the poor, and it is a real challenge
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.38,0:11:44.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for those who want to change the system.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.72,0:11:48.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are the lonely warriors
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.29,0:11:51.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like my father and many, many others,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.75,0:11:54.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a key frontier of development work
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.88,0:12:00.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to help these lonely warriors join hands
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.07,0:12:03.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so they can together overcome the odds.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.61,0:12:08.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So for instance, today, in Ghana, courageous reformers
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.36,0:12:11.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from civil society, Parliament and government,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.56,0:12:15.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have forged a coalition for transparent contracts
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.75,0:12:19.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the oil sector, and, galvanized by this,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.80,0:12:25.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reformers in Parliament are now investigating dubious contracts.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.48,0:12:30.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These examples give new hope, new possibility
Dialogue: 0,0:12:30.41,0:12:33.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the problems I witnessed in Uganda
Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.52,0:12:38.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or that my father confronted in Bihar.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.63,0:12:45.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two years ago, on April 8th, 2010, I called my father.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.60,0:12:50.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was very late at night, and at age 80,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.99,0:12:55.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he was typing a 70-page public interest litigation
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.80,0:12:59.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,against corruption in a road project.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.41,0:13:04.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Though he was no lawyer, he argued the case in court
Dialogue: 0,0:13:04.03,0:13:08.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,himself the next day. He won the ruling,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.24,0:13:10.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but later that very evening,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.26,0:13:14.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he fell, and he died.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:14.86,0:13:19.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He fought till the end, increasingly passionate
Dialogue: 0,0:13:19.80,0:13:23.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that to combat corruption and poverty,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:23.75,0:13:27.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not only did government officials need to be honest,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.75,0:13:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but citizens needed to join together
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.00,0:13:33.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make their voices heard.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.90,0:13:38.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These became the two bookends of his life,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:38.76,0:13:41.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the journey he traveled in between
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.47,0:13:46.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mirrored the changing development landscape.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:46.26,0:13:51.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, I'm inspired by these changes, and I'm excited
Dialogue: 0,0:13:51.21,0:13:54.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that at the World Bank, we are embracing
Dialogue: 0,0:13:54.31,0:13:57.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these new directions, a significant departure
Dialogue: 0,0:13:57.40,0:14:01.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from my work in Uganda 20 years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:01.28,0:14:04.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to radically open up development
Dialogue: 0,0:14:04.82,0:14:07.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so knowledge flows in multiple directions,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:07.63,0:14:12.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,inspiring practitioners, so aid becomes transparent,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:12.42,0:14:16.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,accountable and effective, so governments open up
Dialogue: 0,0:14:16.58,0:14:20.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and citizens are engaged and empowered
Dialogue: 0,0:14:20.52,0:14:22.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with reformers in government.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:22.18,0:14:25.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to accelerate these shifts.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:25.38,0:14:30.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we do, we will find that the collective voices
Dialogue: 0,0:14:30.38,0:14:34.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the poor will be heard in Bihar,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:34.77,0:14:36.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Uganda, and beyond.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:36.99,0:14:41.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We will find that textbooks and teachers
Dialogue: 0,0:14:41.06,0:14:44.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will show up in schools for their children.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:44.10,0:14:48.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We will find that these children, too,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:48.18,0:14:54.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have a real chance of breaking their way out of poverty.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:54.30,0:14:57.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you. (Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:14:57.52,0:15:00.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)