0:00:00.485,0:00:02.707
Miaka kumi iliyopita, niliandika kitabu[br]nilichokipa jina

0:00:02.707,0:00:05.800
"Karne yetu ya mwisho?" Alama ya kuuliza.

0:00:05.800,0:00:09.377
Wachapishaji wa kitabu hiki waliondoa[br]alama ya kuuliza. (Vicheko)

0:00:09.377,0:00:11.259
Wachapishaji wa Marekani[br]walibadili jina

0:00:11.259,0:00:15.168
na kuwa "Lisaa Letu la Mwisho".

0:00:15.168,0:00:18.660
Wamarekani hupenda kuridhishwa haraka na[br]kinyume.

0:00:18.660,0:00:20.368
(Vicheko)

0:00:20.368,0:00:22.118
Na ujumbe wangu ulikuwa huu:

0:00:22.118,0:00:26.284
Dunia yetu imekuwepo kwa karne milioni 45,

0:00:26.284,0:00:28.297
lakini hii hapa ni maalumu ---

0:00:28.297,0:00:31.313
ni ya kwanza ambayo jamii moja, yetu,

0:00:31.313,0:00:34.115
ina mustakabali wa sayari mikononi mwake.

0:00:34.115,0:00:36.105
Zaidi karibia ya historia yote ya Dunia,

0:00:36.105,0:00:38.041
vitisho vimetoka kwenye mazingira,

0:00:38.041,0:00:41.537
magonjwa, mitetemeko ya ardhi na[br]mengine mengi --

0:00:41.537,0:00:47.209
lakini kuanzia sasa, hatari kubwa[br]inatoka kwetu.

0:00:47.209,0:00:50.480
Na sasa sio matisho tu ya nuklia;

0:00:50.480,0:00:52.231
kwenye dunia yetu iliyoungana,

0:00:52.231,0:00:55.394
kuvunjika kwa mitandao kunaweza[br]sambaa duniani;

0:00:55.394,0:00:59.350
usafiri wa anga unaweza kusambaza magonjwa[br]dunia nzima ndani ya siku;

0:00:59.350,0:01:02.677
na mitandao ya kijamii inaweza kusambaza[br]vitisho na uzushi

0:01:02.677,0:01:05.894
kihalisi kama kasi ya mwanga.

0:01:05.894,0:01:09.119
Tunagombana sana kuhusu matatizo madogo --

0:01:09.119,0:01:13.150
uwezekano wa ndege kudondoka, [br]kemikali kwenye chakula,

0:01:13.150,0:01:15.376
dozi ndogo za mionzi, na kadhalika --

0:01:15.376,0:01:18.201
lakini sisi na wakuu wetu wa siasa

0:01:18.201,0:01:22.404
tupo kwenye kukana kuhusu hali za majanga.

0:01:22.404,0:01:25.442
Bahati nzuri mabaya hayajatokea bado.

0:01:25.442,0:01:27.638
Kweli, pengine hayatatokea.

0:01:27.638,0:01:30.823
Lakini kama tukio lina maafa makubwa,

0:01:30.823,0:01:33.691
linastahili kupewa faida kubwa

0:01:33.691,0:01:37.527
kulinda dhidi yake, hata kama[br]inaweza isitokee,

0:01:37.527,0:01:42.040
kama tunavyotoa bima ya moto kwenye[br]nyumba yetu.

0:01:42.040,0:01:47.037
Kama sayansi inavyoleta nguvu kubwa[br]na ahadi,

0:01:47.037,0:01:50.903
upande wa chini unazidi kuogopesha pia.

0:01:50.903,0:01:53.142
Tunazidi kuwa dhaifu na waoga,

0:01:53.142,0:01:54.980
Ndani ya miongo michache,

0:01:54.980,0:01:57.210
mamilioni watakuwa na uwezo,

0:01:57.210,0:02:00.331
wa kutumia vibaya bioteknolojia inayokua,

0:02:00.331,0:02:03.884
Kama wanavyotumia teknolojia vibaya leo.

0:02:03.884,0:02:07.083
Freeman Dyson, kwenye mazungumzo ya TED,

0:02:07.083,0:02:10.679
aliona kuwa huko mbeleni watoto[br]wataweza kutengeneza viumbe hai

0:02:10.679,0:02:14.104
kama ambavyo kizazi chake[br]kilivyocheza na seti za kemia.

0:02:15.190,0:02:17.718
Hii inaweza kuwa sayansi ya kubuniwa[br]zaidi,

0:02:17.718,0:02:20.901
lakini tuna amini itatokea hata kwa kiasi,

0:02:20.901,0:02:23.638
mazingira yetu na hata viumbe vyetu

0:02:23.638,0:02:27.627
hawataweza kuishi muda mrefu[br]bila kubadilika,

0:02:27.627,0:02:31.490
Mfano, kuna wanamazingira wengi[br]wa msimamo mkali,

0:02:31.490,0:02:33.999
wanaomini kua itafaa kwa sayari yetu,

0:02:33.999,0:02:37.402
kwa Gaia, kama kutakuwa na binadamu[br]wachache.

0:02:37.402,0:02:40.119
Nini kitatokea kama watu hawa wakifuzu

0:02:40.119,0:02:42.256
ufundi wa kibiolojia za sanisia

0:02:42.256,0:02:45.108
ambao utasambaa ifikapo mwaka 2050?

0:02:45.108,0:02:48.150
Kipindi hicho, matisho mengine ya sayansi[br]ya kubuniwa

0:02:48.150,0:02:49.860
yanaweza kugeuka kweli:

0:02:49.860,0:02:51.930
roboti za kijinga kujiongoza zenyewe,

0:02:51.930,0:02:54.347
au mtandao unaotumia akili yake yenyewe

0:02:54.347,0:02:56.936
unatutisha sote.

0:02:56.936,0:03:00.206
Je, tutaweza kujikinga na hizi[br]hatari kwa sheria?

0:03:00.206,0:03:02.613
Itabidi tujaribu, lakini hizi biashara

0:03:02.613,0:03:06.142
zina ushindani mkubwa, zipo dunia nzima,

0:03:06.142,0:03:08.122
na zinasukumwa na mbinu za biashara,

0:03:08.122,0:03:11.407
kwa kila kinachoweza kufanyika,[br]kitafanyika mahali,

0:03:11.407,0:03:13.443
bila kujali sheria zinasema nini.

0:03:13.443,0:03:16.930
Ni kama sheria za madawa -- tunajaribu[br]kuzipunguza, lakini hatuwezi.

0:03:16.930,0:03:19.974
Na kijiji cha dunia kitakua na[br]wajinga wa kijiji,

0:03:19.974,0:03:23.470
nao watakua na masafa ya dunia.

0:03:23.470,0:03:25.761
Kama nilivyosema kwenye kitabu changu,

0:03:25.761,0:03:28.650
tutakuwa na mwendo mtata kwenye hii karne.

0:03:28.650,0:03:32.140
Kunaweza kuwa na vikwazo kwenye[br]jamii yetu --

0:03:32.140,0:03:36.255
kweli, asilimia 50 ya vikwazo zikali.

0:03:36.255,0:03:39.169
Lakini kuna matukio ya maana

0:03:39.169,0:03:41.330
yanayoweza kuwa mabaya zaidi,

0:03:41.330,0:03:44.760
matukio yanayoweza kutoa maisha yote?

0:03:44.760,0:03:47.686
Pale punje mpya chochezi iikija mtandaoni,

0:03:47.686,0:03:49.475
badhi ya watu walijiuliza kwa bidii,

0:03:49.475,0:03:51.725
vinaweza kuharibu dunia, au mbaya zaidi,

0:03:51.725,0:03:54.384
kuharibu kabisa mfumo wa anga?

0:03:54.384,0:03:57.927
Bahati nzuri, tuliweza kujihakikishia.

0:03:57.927,0:03:59.971
Mimi na wenzangu tulisema kua asili

0:03:59.971,0:04:01.904
imefanya majaribio kama hayo

0:04:01.904,0:04:04.090
mara zilioni tayari,

0:04:04.090,0:04:05.855
kutumia kugongana kwa miali ya anga.

0:04:05.855,0:04:08.909
Lakini wanasayansi wanatakiwa wawe makini

0:04:08.909,0:04:11.489
kuhusu majaribio yanayotengeneza hali

0:04:11.489,0:04:13.972
bila uhakiki kwenye dunia ya halisi.

0:04:13.972,0:04:17.395
Wanabiolojia wanatakiwa kuepuka kuachia[br]uharibifu muhimu wa

0:04:17.395,0:04:20.110
vimelea vilivyoundwa kijenetiki.

0:04:20.110,0:04:23.627
Na pia, karaha yetu ya kipekee

0:04:23.627,0:04:27.088
kwenye hatari ya mafaa makubwa

0:04:27.088,0:04:30.363
inatokana na swali hili kubwa la msingi,

0:04:30.363,0:04:32.033
nalo ni;

0:04:32.033,0:04:34.341
Zingatia hali mbili.

0:04:34.341,0:04:39.577
Hali A inaua asilimia 90 ya binadamu.

0:04:39.577,0:04:43.473
Hali B inaua asilimia 100.

0:04:43.473,0:04:46.391
Je B ni mbaya kiasi gani kuliko A?

0:04:46.391,0:04:49.414
Baadhi watasema ni asilimia 10 mbaya[br]zaidi.

0:04:49.414,0:04:52.564
Idadi ni asilimia 10 zaidi.

0:04:52.564,0:04:55.470
Lakini nasema kua B ni mbaya zaidi.

0:04:55.470,0:04:58.099
Kama mwanafalaki, siamini

0:04:58.099,0:05:00.566
binadamu ni mwisho wa hadithi.

0:05:00.566,0:05:03.889
Ni miaka bilioni tano mpaka jua liripuke,

0:05:03.889,0:05:06.600
na ulimwengu ungeendelea kuwepo,

0:05:06.600,0:05:08.892
kwahiyo mageuzi ya binadamu wa baadae,

0:05:08.892,0:05:11.082
hapa duniani na kwingineko mbali,

0:05:11.082,0:05:13.796
inaweza kuwa ndefu kama harakati[br]ya Darwinian

0:05:13.796,0:05:17.077
iliyokuja kwetu, na nzuri zaidi.

0:05:17.077,0:05:19.741
Na kweli, mageuzi ya mbeleni[br]yatatokea kwa haraka zaidi,

0:05:19.741,0:05:21.940
kwenye kipimo cha mda cha teknolojia,

0:05:21.940,0:05:24.239
sio wa uchaguzi wa asili.

0:05:24.239,0:05:28.434
Kwahiyo tupo katika mwanga wa[br]hicho kipimo,

0:05:28.434,0:05:31.820
kutokupokea hata hatari moja kati[br]ya billioni

0:05:31.820,0:05:34.049
ambayo kupotea kwa binadamu kutasababisha

0:05:34.049,0:05:36.359
huu uwezekano mkubwa.

0:05:36.359,0:05:38.131
Baadhi ya hali ambazo zilionyesha

0:05:38.131,0:05:39.950
kua kweli zingekua sayansi ya[br]kubuniwa,

0:05:39.950,0:05:43.336
lakini nyingine zinaweza kuwa ni za kweli.

0:05:43.336,0:05:46.210
Ni msemo muhimu kua vile visivyozoeleka

0:05:46.210,0:05:48.907
sio sawa na vinavyoshindikana,

0:05:48.907,0:05:51.305
na ndio maana, sisi katika Chuo cha[br]Cambridge,

0:05:51.305,0:05:54.680
tunaanda kitivo cha kujifunza jinsi ya[br]kuepuka

0:05:54.680,0:05:56.712
hizi hatari kubwa.

0:05:56.712,0:05:59.775
Inaonekana ni ya maana kwa watu wachache

0:05:59.775,0:06:02.091
kuwaza kuhusu haya mafaa yanayoweza[br]kutokea.

0:06:02.091,0:06:05.104
Na tunahitaji msaada wote tutakaopata[br]kwa wengine,

0:06:05.104,0:06:07.583
sababu sote ni wahudumu wa,

0:06:07.583,0:06:11.066
kidoti cha bluu kwenye ulimwengu huu[br]mkubwa,

0:06:11.066,0:06:14.444
sayari yenye karne milioni 50 mbele yake.

0:06:14.444,0:06:17.000
Kwa hiyo tusiharibu mustakabali wetu.

0:06:17.000,0:06:18.795
Na ningependa kumalizia na nukuu

0:06:18.795,0:06:22.296
kutoka kwa mwanasayansi mashuhuri aitwae[br]Peter Medawar.

0:06:22.296,0:06:25.569
nanukuu "Kengengele zinazolia kwa binadamu

0:06:25.569,0:06:28.213
ni kama zile za mifugo ya Alpine.

0:06:28.213,0:06:30.499
Zimefungwa shingoni mwetu wenyewe,

0:06:30.499,0:06:33.174
na ni juu yetu kama hazitatengeneza

0:06:33.174,0:06:35.305
mfuatano mzuri wa sauti."

0:06:35.305,0:06:37.572
Asanteni sana.

0:06:37.572,0:06:39.685
(Makofi)