[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:04.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[MUSIC PLAYING]
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.94,0:00:11.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.86,0:00:16.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[APPLAUSE]
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.82,0:00:24.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ALLAN SAVORY: The\Nmost massive tsunami
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.03,0:00:27.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,perfect storm is\Nbearing down upon us.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.08,0:00:29.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.91,0:00:36.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This perfect storm is mounting a\Ngrim reality, increasingly grim
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.06,0:00:37.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reality.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.69,0:00:44.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we are facing that\Nreality with a full belief
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.04,0:00:46.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we can solve our\Nproblems with technology,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.71,0:00:49.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's very understandable.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.05,0:00:53.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now this perfect storm\Nthat we are facing
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.56,0:00:56.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the result of our\Nrising population, rising
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.96,0:01:01.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,towards 10 billion people,\Nland that is turning to desert,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.94,0:01:05.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and of course, climate change.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.10,0:01:07.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now there's no question\Nabout it at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.85,0:01:10.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We will only solve the\Nproblem of replacing
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.50,0:01:13.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fossil fuels with technology.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.37,0:01:17.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But fossil fuels-- carbon,\Ncoal, and gas-- are by no means
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.83,0:01:22.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the only thing that is\Ncausing climate change.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.83,0:01:27.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Desertification is a\Nfancy word for land
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.53,0:01:32.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is turning to desert,\Nand this happens only when
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.04,0:01:34.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we create too much bare ground.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.24,0:01:36.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's no other cause.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.29,0:01:40.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I intend to focus on\Nmost of the world's land
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.27,0:01:41.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is turning to desert.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.90,0:01:44.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.51,0:01:48.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I have for you a\Nvery simple message
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.33,0:01:52.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that offers more hope\Nthan you can imagine.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.79,0:01:55.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have environments\Nwhere humidity is
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.80,0:01:57.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,guaranteed throughout the year.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.77,0:02:00.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On those, it is\Nalmost impossible
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.57,0:02:04.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to create vast areas of bare\Nground, no matter what you do.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.62,0:02:06.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nature covers it up so quickly.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.67,0:02:08.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we have\Nenvironments where we
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.83,0:02:12.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have months of humidity\Nfollowed by months of dryness,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.86,0:02:16.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that is where\Ndesertification is occurring.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.49,0:02:18.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fortunately, with\Nspace technology
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.17,0:02:20.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now, we can look\Nat it from space.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.21,0:02:24.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when we do, you can see\Nthe proportions fairly well.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.52,0:02:27.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Generally, what you see in\Ngreen is not desertifying,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.82,0:02:30.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what you see in brown is.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.40,0:02:34.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And these are by far the\Ngreatest areas of the Earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.51,0:02:39.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,About 2/3, I would guess, of\Nthe world is desertifying.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.25,0:02:42.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I took this picture\Nin the Tihamah Desert
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.20,0:02:45.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while 25 millimeters-- that's\Nan inch of rain-- was falling.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.96,0:02:48.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Think of it in terms\Nof drums of water,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.73,0:02:52.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,each containing 200 liters.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.19,0:02:56.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Over 1,000 drums of water\Nfell on every hectare
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.04,0:02:58.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of that land that day.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.79,0:03:01.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The next day, the\Nland looked like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.38,0:03:03.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where had that water gone?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.93,0:03:06.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of it ran off as flooding.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.43,0:03:09.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But most of the water\Nthat soaked into the soil
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.34,0:03:12.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,simply evaporated\Nout again, exactly
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.42,0:03:17.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as it does in your garden if\Nyou leave the soil uncovered.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.19,0:03:20.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now because the fate\Nof water and carbon
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.91,0:03:25.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are tied to soil organic\Nmatter, when we damage soils,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.79,0:03:27.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you give off carbon.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.82,0:03:31.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Carbon goes back\Nto the atmosphere.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.42,0:03:35.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now you are told over\Nand over, repeatedly,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.15,0:03:37.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that desertification\Nis only occurring
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.91,0:03:42.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in arid and semi-arid\Nareas of the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.31,0:03:47.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that tall grasslands like\Nthis one, in high rainfall,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.33,0:03:49.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are of no consequence.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.29,0:03:51.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if you do not\Nlook at grasslands
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.65,0:03:54.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but look down into\Nthem, you find
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.40,0:03:57.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that most of the soil in that\Ngrassland that you've just seen
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.89,0:04:00.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is bare and covered\Nwith a crust of algae,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.89,0:04:03.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,leading to increased\Nrunoff and evaporation.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.90,0:04:07.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is the cancer\Nof desertification
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.86,0:04:13.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we do not recognize\Ntill its terminal form.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.01,0:04:18.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now we know that desertification\Nis caused by livestock, mostly
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.52,0:04:23.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cattle, sheep, and goats\Nover-grazing the plants,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.27,0:04:27.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,leaving the soil bare,\Nand giving off methane.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.54,0:04:31.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Almost everybody knows\Nthis from Nobel laureates
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.35,0:04:35.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to golf caddies, or was\Ntaught it, as I was.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.26,0:04:39.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now the environments like you\Nsee here, dusty environments
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.42,0:04:44.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Africa where I grew\Nup-- and I loved wildlife.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.30,0:04:48.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so I grew up hating\Nlivestock because of the damage
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.85,0:04:49.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they were doing.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.89,0:04:53.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then my university\Neducation as an ecologist
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.37,0:04:57.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reinforced my beliefs.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.36,0:05:01.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, I have news for you.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.53,0:05:06.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were once just as certain\Nthat the world was flat.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.91,0:05:11.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were wrong then,\Nand we are wrong again.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.05,0:05:13.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I want to invite\Nyou now to come along
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.42,0:05:20.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on my journey of\Nre-education and discovery.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.26,0:05:25.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I was a young man, a\Nyoung biologist in Africa,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.34,0:05:29.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was involved in setting\Naside marvelous areas
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.40,0:05:32.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as future national parks.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.29,0:05:35.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now no sooner--\Nthis was the 1950s--
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.22,0:05:38.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and no sooner did we\Nremove the hunting,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.46,0:05:42.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,drum beating people to protect\Nthe animals than the land began
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.89,0:05:47.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to deteriorate, as you see\Nin this part that we formed.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.93,0:05:50.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now no livestock were involved.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.66,0:05:53.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But suspecting that we\Nhad too many elephants
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.41,0:05:58.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now, I did the research, and\NI proved we had too many.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.50,0:06:01.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I recommended that we would\Nhave to reduce their numbers
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.83,0:06:05.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and bring them down to a level\Nthat the land could sustain.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.90,0:06:09.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now that was a terrible\Ndecision for me to have to make,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.86,0:06:12.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it was political\Ndynamite, frankly.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.50,0:06:15.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So our government\Nformed a team of experts
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.59,0:06:18.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to evaluate my research.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.25,0:06:19.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They did.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.01,0:06:20.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They agreed with me.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.46,0:06:26.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And over the following years,\Nwe shot 40,000 elephants
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.14,0:06:28.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to try to stop the damage.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.78,0:06:32.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it got worse, not better.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.47,0:06:37.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Loving elephants as I do, that\Nwas the saddest and greatest
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.01,0:06:41.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,blunder of my life, and I\Nwill carry that to my grave.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.06,0:06:43.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One good thing did\Ncome out of it.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.43,0:06:47.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It made me absolutely\Ndetermined to devote
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.53,0:06:49.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my life to finding solutions.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.86,0:06:52.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.58,0:06:54.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I came to\Nthe United States,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.64,0:06:59.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I got a shock to find\Nnational parks like this one
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.22,0:07:03.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,desertifying as badly\Nas anything in Africa.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.07,0:07:07.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there'd been no livestock\Non this land for over 70 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.76,0:07:09.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I found that\NAmerican scientists
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.74,0:07:13.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had no explanation for\Nthis except that it
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.32,0:07:16.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is arid and natural.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.33,0:07:21.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I then began looking\Nat all the research
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.35,0:07:25.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,plots I could over the whole\Nof the western United States
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.21,0:07:28.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where cattle had been\Nremoved to prove that it
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.14,0:07:29.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would stop desertification.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.99,0:07:31.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I found the opposite.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.76,0:07:34.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As we see on this\Nresearch station
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.72,0:07:40.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where this grassland that\Nwas green in 1961, by 2002
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.49,0:07:43.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had changed to that situation.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.78,0:07:47.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the authors of the\Nposition paper on climate
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.67,0:07:51.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,change from which I obtained\Nthese pictures attribute
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.27,0:07:54.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this change to\Nunknown processes.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.14,0:07:57.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.14,0:08:00.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Clearly, we have\Nnever understood
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.57,0:08:03.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what is causing\Ndesertification, which
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.42,0:08:08.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has destroyed many civilizations\Nand now threatens us globally.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.99,0:08:11.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have never understood it.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.35,0:08:14.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Take one square meter\Nof soil and make it bare
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.33,0:08:17.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like this is down here,\Nand I promise you,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.09,0:08:22.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you will find it much colder at\Ndawn and much hotter at midday
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.62,0:08:25.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than that same piece of\Nground, if it's just covered
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.25,0:08:27.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with litter, plant litter.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.39,0:08:30.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have changed\Nthe microclimate.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.52,0:08:35.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now by the time you are doing\Nthat and increasing greatly
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.58,0:08:41.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the percentage of bare ground\Non more than half the world's
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.50,0:08:45.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,land, you are\Nchanging macroclimate.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.39,0:08:48.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we have just\Nsimply not understood,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.14,0:08:52.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why was it beginning to\Nhappen 10,000 years ago?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.08,0:08:54.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why has it accelerated lately?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.73,0:08:56.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We had no understanding of that.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.47,0:09:00.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we had failed\Nto understand was
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.47,0:09:03.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the seasonal\Nhumidity environments
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.17,0:09:06.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the world, the soil\Nand the vegetation,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.96,0:09:12.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,developed with very large\Nnumbers of grazing animals,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.77,0:09:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that these grazing\Nanimals developed
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.00,0:09:20.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with ferocious\Npack-hunting predators.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.81,0:09:24.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now their main defense\Nagainst pack-hunting predators
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.77,0:09:26.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to get into herds.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.66,0:09:30.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the larger the herd,\Nthe safer the individuals.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.84,0:09:35.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now large herds dung and\Nurinate all over their own food,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.91,0:09:38.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they have to keep moving.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.73,0:09:42.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it was that movement that\Nprevented the overgrazing
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.20,0:09:46.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of plants, while the\Nperiodic trampling ensured
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.43,0:09:52.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,good cover of the soil, as we\Nsee where a herd has passed.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.64,0:09:57.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This picture is a typical\Nseasonal grassland.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.57,0:10:00.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It has just come through\Nfour months of rain,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.60,0:10:04.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's now going into\Neight months of dry season.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.08,0:10:07.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And watch the change as it\Ngoes into this long dry season.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.88,0:10:11.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now all of that grass\Nyou see above ground
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.22,0:10:16.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has to decay biologically\Nbefore the next growing season.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.99,0:10:22.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if it doesn't, the grassland\Nand the soil begin to die.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.44,0:10:25.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now if it does not\Ndecay biologically,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.67,0:10:30.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it shifts to oxidation,\Nwhich is a very slow process,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.63,0:10:35.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this smothers and kills\Ngrasses, leading to a shift
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.02,0:10:40.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to woody vegetation and\Nbare soil releasing carbon.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.66,0:10:45.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To prevent that, we have\Ntraditionally used fire.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.28,0:10:50.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But fire also leaves the\Nsoil bare, releasing carbon.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.97,0:10:55.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And worse than that, burning\None hectare of grassland
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.89,0:11:02.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gives off more and more damaging\Npollutants than 6,000 cars.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.30,0:11:07.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we are burning in\NAfrica, every single year,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.12,0:11:11.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more than one billion\Nhectares of grasslands,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.17,0:11:15.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and almost nobody\Nis talking about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.17,0:11:19.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We justify the\Nburning as scientists
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.18,0:11:22.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it does remove\Nthe dead material,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.04,0:11:25.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it allows the\Nplants to grow.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.13,0:11:28.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now looking at this grassland\Nof ours that has gone dry,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.38,0:11:30.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what can we do to\Nkeep that healthy?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.91,0:11:35.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And bear in mind, I'm talking\Nof most of the world's land now?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.04,0:11:40.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We cannot reduce animal numbers\Nto rest it more without causing
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.11,0:11:42.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,desertification\Nand climate change.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.58,0:11:46.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We cannot burn it without\Ncausing desertification
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.66,0:11:47.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and climate change.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.98,0:11:49.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What are we going to do?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.30,0:11:54.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.26,0:11:56.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is only one option.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.34,0:12:00.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I repeat to you, only one\Noption left to climatologists
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.75,0:12:05.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and scientists, and that\Nis to do the unthinkable,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:05.22,0:12:10.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to use livestock,\Nbunched and moving,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.35,0:12:15.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a proxy for former herds\Nand predators and mimic nature.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.68,0:12:20.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is no other\Nalternative left to mankind.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.37,0:12:22.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let's do that.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.52,0:12:24.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So on this bit of\Ngrassland, we'll
Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.07,0:12:25.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,do it, but just\Nin the foreground.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.72,0:12:29.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We'll impact it very heavily\Nwith cattle to mimic nature,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.47,0:12:32.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we've done so,\Nand look at that.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.08,0:12:35.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All of that grass is\Nnow covering the soil
Dialogue: 0,0:12:35.61,0:12:39.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as dung, urine, and\Nlitter or mulch,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.37,0:12:42.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as every one of the gardeners\Namongst you would understand,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.78,0:12:47.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that soil is ready to\Nabsorb and hold the rain,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:47.19,0:12:52.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to store carbon, and\Nto break down methane.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.19,0:12:56.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we did that without using\Nfire to damage the soil,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:56.87,0:12:59.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the plants are free to grow.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.95,0:13:04.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I first realized that we\Nhad no option as scientists
Dialogue: 0,0:13:04.75,0:13:10.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but to use much vilified\Nlivestock to address climate
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.09,0:13:15.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,change and desertification, I\Nwas faced with a real dilemma.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:15.03,0:13:17.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How were we to do it?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.07,0:13:20.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We'd had 10,000 years of\Nextremely knowledgeable
Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.60,0:13:23.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pastoralists, bunching\Nand moving their animals.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:23.36,0:13:27.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But they had created the great\Nman-made deserts of the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.06,0:13:31.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then we'd had 100 years\Nof modern range science,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.25,0:13:34.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that had accelerated\Ndesertification
Dialogue: 0,0:13:34.22,0:13:37.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as we first discovered in\NAfrica and then confirmed
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.30,0:13:39.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the United States,\Nand as you see
Dialogue: 0,0:13:39.63,0:13:44.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in this picture of land managed\Nby the federal government.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:44.69,0:13:47.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Clearly, more was needed\Nthan bunching and moving
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.44,0:13:48.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the animals.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:48.56,0:13:52.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And humans, over\Nthousands of years,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.31,0:13:56.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had never been able to deal\Nwith nature's complexity.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.34,0:13:59.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we biologists and\Necologists had never
Dialogue: 0,0:13:59.11,0:14:01.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tackled anything\Nas complex as this.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:01.82,0:14:04.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So rather than\Nreinvent the wheel,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:04.37,0:14:06.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I began studying\Nother professions
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.44,0:14:08.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to see if anybody had.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.73,0:14:11.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I found they we're\Nplanning techniques
Dialogue: 0,0:14:11.21,0:14:14.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I could take and adapt\Nto our biological need.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.86,0:14:17.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And from those, I\Ndeveloped what we
Dialogue: 0,0:14:17.16,0:14:21.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,call holistic management and\Nplanned grazing, a planning
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.83,0:14:22.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,process.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:22.71,0:14:26.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that does address all\Nof nature's complexity
Dialogue: 0,0:14:26.47,0:14:31.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and our social, environmental,\Neconomic complexity.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:31.49,0:14:35.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, we have a young woman\Nlike this one teaching villages
Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.60,0:14:37.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Africa how to put\Ntheir animals together
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.92,0:14:42.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into larger herds, plan their\Ngrazing, to mimic nature.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:42.30,0:14:46.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And where we have them hold\Ntheir animals overnight--
Dialogue: 0,0:14:46.32,0:14:48.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we run them in a\Npredator-friendly manner,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:48.28,0:14:50.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we have a lot\Nof lands, and so on--
Dialogue: 0,0:14:50.66,0:14:53.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and where they do this\Nand hold them overnight
Dialogue: 0,0:14:53.02,0:14:55.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to prepare the\Ncrop fields, we're
Dialogue: 0,0:14:55.11,0:14:59.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,getting very great increases\Nin crop yield as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:59.12,0:15:00.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's look at some results.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:00.61,0:15:04.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is land close to land\Nthat we manage in Zimbabwe.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:04.88,0:15:06.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It has just come\Nthrough four months
Dialogue: 0,0:15:06.89,0:15:09.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of very good rains\Nit got that year,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:09.29,0:15:11.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's going into\Nthe long dry season.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:11.76,0:15:14.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But as you can see, all of\Nthat rain, almost all of it,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:14.70,0:15:18.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has evaporated from\Nthe soil surface.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:18.07,0:15:22.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The river is dry, despite\Nthe rain just having ended,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:22.43,0:15:28.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we have 150,000 people\Non almost permanent food aid.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:28.95,0:15:33.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now let's go to our land\Nnearby on the same day
Dialogue: 0,0:15:33.61,0:15:36.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the s rainfall\Nand look at that.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:36.53,0:15:38.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our river is flowing\Nand healthy and clean.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:38.88,0:15:41.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's fine.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:41.49,0:15:48.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The production of grass, shrubs,\Ntrees, wildlife, everything
Dialogue: 0,0:15:48.02,0:15:49.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is now more productive.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:49.73,0:15:54.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we have virtually\Nno fear of dry years.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:54.28,0:16:01.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we did that by increasing\Nthe cattle and goats 400%,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:01.21,0:16:05.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,planning the grazing to mimic\Nnature and integrate them
Dialogue: 0,0:16:05.24,0:16:08.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with all the elephants, buffalo,\Ngiraffe, and other animals
Dialogue: 0,0:16:08.74,0:16:10.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we have.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:10.40,0:16:12.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But before we began, our\Nland looked like that.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:12.99,0:16:16.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:16.14,0:16:22.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This site was bare and eroding\Nfor over 30 years, regardless
Dialogue: 0,0:16:22.45,0:16:24.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of what rain we got.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:24.77,0:16:29.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Watch the marked tree and see\Nthe change as we used livestock
Dialogue: 0,0:16:29.49,0:16:31.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to mimic nature.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:31.33,0:16:35.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was another site where\Nit had been bare and eroding,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:35.23,0:16:38.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and at the base of\Nthe marked small tree,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:38.02,0:16:42.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we had lost over 30\Ncentimeters of soil.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:42.33,0:16:45.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And again, watch the\Nchange just using livestock
Dialogue: 0,0:16:45.89,0:16:46.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to mimic nature.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:46.99,0:16:48.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there are\Nfallen trees in that
Dialogue: 0,0:16:48.80,0:16:52.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now, because the better\Nland is now attracting
Dialogue: 0,0:16:52.09,0:16:53.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,elephants, et cetera.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:53.93,0:16:57.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This land in Mexico was\Nin terrible condition.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:57.45,0:17:00.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I've had to mark the\Nhill because the change
Dialogue: 0,0:17:00.48,0:17:03.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is so profound.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:03.18,0:17:08.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[APPLAUSE]
Dialogue: 0,0:17:08.08,0:17:11.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:11.52,0:17:16.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I began helping a family in\Nthe Karoo desert in the 1970s
Dialogue: 0,0:17:16.34,0:17:18.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,turn the desert that\Nyou see on the right
Dialogue: 0,0:17:18.59,0:17:21.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there back to grassland.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:21.13,0:17:23.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And thankfully, now\Ntheir grandchildren
Dialogue: 0,0:17:23.45,0:17:26.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are on the land with\Nhope for the future.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:26.62,0:17:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And look at the amazing\Nchange in this one
Dialogue: 0,0:17:29.00,0:17:34.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where that gully has\Ncompletely healed using nothing
Dialogue: 0,0:17:34.07,0:17:36.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but livestock mimicking nature.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:36.61,0:17:39.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And once more, we have\Nthe third generation
Dialogue: 0,0:17:39.59,0:17:44.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of that family on that land\Nwith their flag still flying.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:44.21,0:17:47.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The vast grasslands of\NPatagonia are turning to desert,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:47.39,0:17:48.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as you see here.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:48.34,0:17:51.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The man in the middle is\Nan Argentinean researcher,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:51.86,0:17:54.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he has documented\Nthe steady decline
Dialogue: 0,0:17:54.52,0:17:57.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of that land over the\Nyears as they kept
Dialogue: 0,0:17:57.10,0:17:59.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reducing the sheep numbers.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:59.78,0:18:03.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They put 25,000\Nsheep in one flock,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:03.91,0:18:08.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really mimicking nature\Nnow with planned grazing.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:08.48,0:18:11.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they have documented\Na 50% increase
Dialogue: 0,0:18:11.92,0:18:15.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the production of the\Nland in the first year.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:15.29,0:18:19.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We now have in the violent\NHorn of Africa pastoralists
Dialogue: 0,0:18:19.70,0:18:22.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,planning their grazing\Nto mimic nature,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:22.07,0:18:24.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and openly saying it\Nis the only hope they
Dialogue: 0,0:18:24.91,0:18:28.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have of saving their families\Nand saving their culture.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:28.53,0:18:34.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,95% of that land can only\Nfeed people from animals.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:34.24,0:18:38.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I remind you that I am talking\Nabout most of the world's land
Dialogue: 0,0:18:38.41,0:18:41.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,here that controls\Nour fate, including
Dialogue: 0,0:18:41.39,0:18:46.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the most violent region of the\Nworld where only animals can
Dialogue: 0,0:18:46.15,0:18:50.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,feed people from\Nabout 95% of the land.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:50.67,0:18:55.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we are doing globally\Nis causing climate change
Dialogue: 0,0:18:55.63,0:18:59.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as much as, I believe,\Nfossil fuels, and maybe
Dialogue: 0,0:18:59.29,0:19:02.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more than fossil fuels.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:02.05,0:19:06.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But worse than that, it is\Ncausing hunger, poverty,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:06.09,0:19:08.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,violence, social\Nbreakdown, and war.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:08.99,0:19:12.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as I am talking\Nto you, millions
Dialogue: 0,0:19:12.53,0:19:16.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of men, women, and children\Nare suffering and dying.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:16.68,0:19:21.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if this continues,\Nwe are unlikely to be
Dialogue: 0,0:19:21.45,0:19:23.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,able to stop the\Nclimate changing,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:23.58,0:19:28.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even after we have eliminated\Nthe use of fossil fuels.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:28.67,0:19:33.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I believe I've shown you how\Nwe can work with nature at very
Dialogue: 0,0:19:33.86,0:19:37.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,low cost to reverse all this.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:37.86,0:19:44.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are already doing so on\Nabout 15 million hectares
Dialogue: 0,0:19:44.09,0:19:46.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on five continents.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:46.46,0:19:50.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And people who understand far\Nmore about carbon than I do
Dialogue: 0,0:19:50.44,0:19:53.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,calculate that for\Nillustrative purposes,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:53.48,0:19:56.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we do what I'm\Nshowing you here,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:56.55,0:20:00.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can take enough carbon\Nout of the atmosphere
Dialogue: 0,0:20:00.43,0:20:04.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and safely store it in the\Ngrassland soils for thousands
Dialogue: 0,0:20:04.69,0:20:05.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of years.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:05.47,0:20:10.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if we just do that on about\Nhalf the world's grasslands
Dialogue: 0,0:20:10.46,0:20:12.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I've shown\Nyou, we can take us
Dialogue: 0,0:20:12.87,0:20:17.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,back to pre-industrial\Nlevels while feeding people.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:17.20,0:20:20.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can think of\Nalmost nothing that
Dialogue: 0,0:20:20.18,0:20:25.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,offers more hope for our\Nplanet, for your children
Dialogue: 0,0:20:25.51,0:20:28.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and their children,\Nand all of humanity.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:28.16,0:20:29.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:29.10,0:20:33.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[APPLAUSE AND CHEERING]
Dialogue: 0,0:20:33.24,0:20:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:53.00,0:20:54.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you, Chris.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:54.84,0:20:55.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:55.76,0:20:57.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CHRIS: Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:57.36,0:21:01.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have-- and I'm sure everyone\Nhere has, A, 100 questions, B,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:01.63,0:21:02.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wants to hug you.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:02.65,0:21:03.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[LAUGHTER]
Dialogue: 0,0:21:03.64,0:21:05.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm just going to ask\Nyou one quick question.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:05.51,0:21:09.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you first start this, you\Nbring in a flock of animals.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:09.68,0:21:10.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's desert.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:10.93,0:21:11.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What do they eat?
Dialogue: 0,0:21:11.71,0:21:12.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How does that part work?
Dialogue: 0,0:21:12.74,0:21:13.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do you start?
Dialogue: 0,0:21:13.47,0:21:15.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ALLAN SAVORY: Well, we've\Ndone this for a long time,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:15.64,0:21:19.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the only time we have\Never had to provide any food
Dialogue: 0,0:21:19.04,0:21:22.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is doing mine reclamation\Nwhere it's 100% bare.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:22.96,0:21:27.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But many years ago, we took\Nthe worst land in Zimbabwe
Dialogue: 0,0:21:27.82,0:21:32.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where I offered a five-pound\Nnote in a 100-mile drive
Dialogue: 0,0:21:32.62,0:21:36.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if somebody could find one\Ngrass in a 100-mile drive.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:36.69,0:21:39.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And on that, we'd trebled\Nthe stocking rate, the number
Dialogue: 0,0:21:39.87,0:21:43.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of animals, in the first\Nyear with no feeding,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:43.15,0:21:46.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just by the movement\Nmimicking nature and using
Dialogue: 0,0:21:46.35,0:21:50.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a sigmoid curve, that principle.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:50.61,0:21:52.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a little bit\Ntechnical to explain here.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:52.84,0:21:54.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CHRIS: Well, I would\Nlove t-- I mean,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:54.38,0:21:56.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is such an interesting\Nand important idea.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:56.78,0:21:59.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The best people s our blog are\Ngoing to come and talk to you,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:59.32,0:22:02.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I want to get more on\Nthis that we can share, along
Dialogue: 0,0:22:02.88,0:22:04.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the talk.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:04.48,0:22:06.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is an astonishing talk.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:06.48,0:22:07.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Truly an astonishing talk.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:07.89,0:22:09.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I think you\Nheard that we all
Dialogue: 0,0:22:09.41,0:22:10.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are cheering you on your way.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:10.62,0:22:11.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you so much.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:11.33,0:22:12.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ALLAN SAVORY: Well, thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:12.49,0:22:12.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:12.99,0:22:13.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you, Chris.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:13.89,0:22:14.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[APPLAUSE]
Dialogue: 0,0:22:14.83,0:22:19.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[MUSIC PLAYING]
Dialogue: 0,0:22:19.31,0:22:19.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,