1 00:00:04,280 --> 00:00:07,753 Visualization is right at the heart of my own work too. 2 00:00:08,453 --> 00:00:13,468 I teach Global Health, and I know having the data is not enough. 3 00:00:13,468 --> 00:00:17,629 I have to show it in ways people both enjoy and understand. 4 00:00:19,030 --> 00:00:24,894 Now I'm going to try something I've never done before, animating the data in real space, 5 00:00:25,714 --> 00:00:28,294 with a bit of technical assistance from the crew. 6 00:00:30,435 --> 00:00:34,022 So here we go, first an axis for health, 7 00:00:34,022 --> 00:00:38,640 life expectancy from 25 years to 75 years. 8 00:00:38,640 --> 00:00:46,010 And down here an axis for wealth, income per person 400, 4,000, and $40,000. 9 00:00:46,780 --> 00:00:53,150 So down here is poor and sick, and up here is rich and healthy. 10 00:00:54,200 --> 00:01:00,010 Now I'm going to show you the world 200 years ago, in 1810. 11 00:01:00,970 --> 00:01:05,853 Here come all the countries Europe brown, Asia red, Middle East green, 12 00:01:05,853 --> 00:01:09,414 Africa South of the Sahara blue, and the Americas yellow. 13 00:01:09,414 --> 00:01:13,040 And the size of the country bubble show the size of the population. 14 00:01:13,930 --> 00:01:17,450 And in 1810 it was pretty crowded down there, wasn't it? 15 00:01:17,450 --> 00:01:23,344 All countries were sick and poor, life expectancy were below 40 in all countries. 16 00:01:23,344 --> 00:01:27,798 And only the UK and the Netherlands were slightly better off, but not much. 17 00:01:28,498 --> 00:01:30,755 And now, why start the world. 18 00:01:32,562 --> 00:01:38,208 The Industrial Revolution makes countries in Europe and elsewhere move away from the rest. 19 00:01:38,780 --> 00:01:42,790 But the colonized countries in Asia and Africa, they are stuck down there. 20 00:01:43,670 --> 00:01:47,487 And eventually the Western countries get healthier and healthier. 21 00:01:48,147 --> 00:01:53,537 And now we slow down, to show the impact of the First World War, 22 00:01:53,537 --> 00:01:56,910 and the Spanish flu epidemic, what a catastrophe. 23 00:01:58,210 --> 00:02:02,430 And now I speed up through the 1920s and the 1930s, 24 00:02:02,430 --> 00:02:04,280 and in spite of the Great Depression, 25 00:02:04,280 --> 00:02:07,420 western countries forge on towards greater wealth and health. 26 00:02:07,420 --> 00:02:11,540 Japan and some others try to follow, but most countries stay down here. 27 00:02:12,120 --> 00:02:15,406 Now, after the tragedies of the Second World War, 28 00:02:15,406 --> 00:02:18,504 we stop a bit to look at the world in 1948. 29 00:02:19,304 --> 00:02:22,816 1948 was a great year, the war was over, 30 00:02:23,276 --> 00:02:27,425 Sweden topped the medal table at the Winter Olympics, and I was born. 31 00:02:27,805 --> 00:02:32,040 But the differences between the countries of the world was wider than ever. 32 00:02:32,590 --> 00:02:38,440 United States was in the front, Japan was catching up, Brazil was way behind, 33 00:02:38,440 --> 00:02:42,820 Iran was getting a little richer from oil, but still had short lives. 34 00:02:42,820 --> 00:02:47,570 And the Asian giants, China, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and 35 00:02:47,570 --> 00:02:50,810 Indonesia, they were still poor and sick down here. 36 00:02:50,810 --> 00:02:53,950 But look what is about to happen, here we go again. 37 00:02:53,950 --> 00:02:57,448 In my lifetime former colonies gained independence and 38 00:02:57,448 --> 00:03:02,190 then finally they started to get healthier and healthier and healthier. 39 00:03:02,190 --> 00:03:05,744 And in the 1970s then countries in Asia and 40 00:03:05,744 --> 00:03:08,620 Latin America started to catch up with the Western countries. 41 00:03:08,620 --> 00:03:11,020 They became the emerging economies, 42 00:03:11,020 --> 00:03:16,220 some in Africa follows, some Africans were stuck in civil war, and others hit by HIV. 43 00:03:16,220 --> 00:03:21,060 And now, we can see the world today in the most up-to-date statistics. 44 00:03:23,050 --> 00:03:25,530 Most people today live in the middle, 45 00:03:25,530 --> 00:03:31,180 but there's a huge difference at the same time between the best off countries and the worst off countries. 46 00:03:31,180 --> 00:03:34,439 And there are huge inequalities within countries. 47 00:03:34,439 --> 00:03:37,920 These bubbles show country averages, but I can split them. 48 00:03:38,630 --> 00:03:41,080 Take China, I can split it into provinces, 49 00:03:42,040 --> 00:03:44,040 there goes Shanghai. 50 00:03:45,040 --> 00:03:47,635 It has the same wealth and health as Italy today. 51 00:03:47,635 --> 00:03:52,495 And there is the poor inline province Guizhou, it is like Pakistan, 52 00:03:52,495 --> 00:03:57,606 and if I split it further, the rural parts are like Ghana in Africa. 53 00:03:59,610 --> 00:04:06,352 And yet despite the enormous disparities today, we have seen 200 years of remarkable progress, 54 00:04:07,032 --> 00:04:11,110 that huge historical gap between the west and the rest is now closing. 55 00:04:11,580 --> 00:04:15,090 We have become an entirely new converging world, 56 00:04:15,530 --> 00:04:20,430 and I see a clear trend into the future with aid, trade, green technology, and peace. 57 00:04:20,430 --> 00:04:25,167 It's fully possible that everyone can make it to the healthy wealthy corner. 58 00:04:28,170 --> 00:04:31,091 Well what you've just seen in the last few minutes 59 00:04:31,091 --> 00:04:36,170 is a story of 200 countries shown over 200 years and beyond. 60 00:04:36,170 --> 00:04:42,456 It involved plotting 120,000 numbers, pretty neat uh?