[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.54,0:00:09.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every chicken was once an egg,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.63,0:00:11.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every oak tree an acorn,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.58,0:00:13.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every frog a tadpole.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.57,0:00:15.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The patch of mold on that old piece of bread
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.28,0:00:16.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the back of your fridge,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.74,0:00:19.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not so long ago that was one, solitary cell.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.78,0:00:21.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even you were once but a gleam
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.57,0:00:23.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in your parents' eyes.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.82,0:00:26.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All these organisms share
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.35,0:00:27.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the same basic goal:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.97,0:00:30.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to perpetuate their own existence.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.45,0:00:33.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All lifeforms that we've discovered so far
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.97,0:00:35.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stay alive by using
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.18,0:00:38.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,basically the same rules, materials, and machinery.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.72,0:00:41.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Imagine a factory full of robots.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.94,0:00:43.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These robots have two missions:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.03,0:00:44.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one, keep the factory running,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.57,0:00:45.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and two, when the time is right,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.93,0:00:48.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,set up an entirely new factory.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.11,0:00:49.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To do those things,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.78,0:00:51.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they need assembly instructions,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.76,0:00:52.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,raw materials,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.86,0:00:54.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,plenty of energy,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.03,0:00:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a few rules about when to work normally,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.00,0:00:57.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when to work quickly,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.01,0:00:58.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or when to stop,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.04,0:00:59.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and some exchange currencies
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.63,0:01:02.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because even robots need to get paid.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.59,0:01:05.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each factory has a high security office with blueprints
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.29,0:01:08.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for all the possible factory configurations
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.26,0:01:09.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and complete sets of instructions
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.64,0:01:11.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make all the different types of robots
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.51,0:01:13.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a factory could ever need.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.79,0:01:15.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Special robots photocopy these instructions
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.97,0:01:16.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and send them off
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.84,0:01:19.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to help make the building blocks of more robots.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.47,0:01:21.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their colleagues assemble those parts
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.09,0:01:23.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into still more robots,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.43,0:01:24.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are transported
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.26,0:01:25.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the right location in the factory
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.84,0:01:28.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and given the tools they need to start working.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.89,0:01:30.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every robot draws energy
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.26,0:01:32.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the central power plant,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.15,0:01:34.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a giant furnace that can burn regular fuel
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.69,0:01:36.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also scrap materials
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.06,0:01:38.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if not enough regular fuel is available.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.90,0:01:41.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Certain zones in the factory
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.21,0:01:42.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have harsher working conditions,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.79,0:01:44.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so these areas are walled off.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.62,0:01:46.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the robots inside can at least communicate
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.88,0:01:48.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the rest of the factory
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.04,0:01:49.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through specialized portals
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.45,0:01:51.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,embedded directly into the walls.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.43,0:01:53.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as you've probably figured out,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.72,0:01:55.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what we're describing here
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.14,0:01:56.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a cell.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.43,0:01:59.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The high security office is the nucleus.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.04,0:02:00.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It stores the blueprints and instructions
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.39,0:02:03.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.52,0:02:06.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The photocopied instructions are RNA.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.23,0:02:08.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The robots themselves are mostly proteins
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.44,0:02:09.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,built from amino acids,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.85,0:02:11.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they'll often use special tools
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.41,0:02:13.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are, or are derived from,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.23,0:02:15.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,vitamins and minerals.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.04,0:02:16.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The walls between factory zones
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.86,0:02:18.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and around the factory itself
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.33,0:02:20.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are mostly made up of lipids,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.04,0:02:22.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a.k.a. fats.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.08,0:02:23.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In most organisms,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.37,0:02:25.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the primary fuel source are sugars,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.46,0:02:26.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but in a pinch,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.28,0:02:27.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fats and proteins can be broken down
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.95,0:02:30.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and burned in the furnace as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.27,0:02:32.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The portals are membrane proteins
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.35,0:02:34.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which allow very specific materials and information
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.85,0:02:37.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to pass through the walls at the right times.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.79,0:02:39.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many interactions between robot proteins
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.56,0:02:41.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,require some kind of push,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.68,0:02:43.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,think robot minimum wage.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.92,0:02:46.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A few small but crucial forms of money
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.19,0:02:47.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are transferred between proteins
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.98,0:02:49.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to provide this push.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.81,0:02:52.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Electrons, protons, oxygen, and phosphate groups
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.94,0:02:54.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are the main chemical currencies,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.49,0:02:56.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they're kept in small molecular wallets
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.61,0:02:59.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or larger tote bags to keep them safe.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.98,0:03:01.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is biochemistry,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.78,0:03:03.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the study of how every part of the factory
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.74,0:03:06.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,interacts to keep your life running smoothly
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.24,0:03:08.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the face of extreme challenges.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.82,0:03:10.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe there's too much fuel;
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.33,0:03:13.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your body will store the excess as glycogen or fat.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.51,0:03:14.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe there's not enough;
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.62,0:03:17.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your body will use up those energy reserves.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.12,0:03:19.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe a virus or bacteria tries to invade;
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.59,0:03:22.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your body will mobilize the immune system.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.14,0:03:24.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe you touched something hot or sharp;
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.12,0:03:26.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your nerves will let you know so you can stop.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.97,0:03:29.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe it's time to create a new cell
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.69,0:03:31.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or a new person.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.84,0:03:34.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Amazingly, oak trees, chickens, frogs,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.57,0:03:36.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, yes, even you
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.10,0:03:37.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,share so many of the same
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.65,0:03:39.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,basic robot and factory designs
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.89,0:03:41.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that biochemists can learn a lot
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.64,0:03:42.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about all of them
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.91,0:03:45.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all at the same time.