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So a few weeks ago, a friend

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of mine gave this toy car to his

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8-year-old son.

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But instead of going into a store and buying one,

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like we do normally, he went to this

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website and he downloaded

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a file, and then he printed it

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on this printer.

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So this idea that you can

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manufacture objects

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digitally using these machines

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is something that The Economist magazine

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defined as the Third Industrial Revolution.

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Actually, I argue that there is another revolution

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going on, and it's the one that has to do with

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open-source hardware and the maker's movement,

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because the printer that my friend used

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to print the toy is actually open-source.

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So you go to the same website, you can download all the files

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that you need in order to make that printer:

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the construction files, the hardware, the software,

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all the instruction is there.

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And also this is part of a large

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community where there are thousands of people

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around the world that are actually

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making these kinds of printers,

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and there's a lot of innovation

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happening because it's all open-source.

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You don't need anybody's permission to create something great.

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And that space is like

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the personal computer in 1976,

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like the Apples with the other companies are fighting,

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and we will see in a few years,

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there will be the Apple of this kind of market come out.

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Well, there's also another interesting thing.

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I said the electronics are open-source, because at the heart

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of this printer there is something I'm really attached to:

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these Arduino boards, the motherboard that sort of

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powers this printer, is a project

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I've been working on for the past seven years.

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It's an open-source project.

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I worked with these friends of mine that I have here.

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So the five of us, two Americans, two Italians

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and a Spaniard, we — (Laughter)

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You know, it's a worldwide project. (Laughter)

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So we came together in this

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design institute called the Interaction Design Institute

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Ivrea, which was teaching

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interaction design, this idea that you can take

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design from the simple shape

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of an object and you can move it

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forward to design the way you interact with things.

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Well, when you design an object that's supposed to interact

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with a human being, if you make a foam model

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of a mobile phone, it doesn't make any sense.

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You have to have something that

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actually interacts with people.

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So, we worked on Arduino and

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a lot of other projects there to

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create platforms that would be

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simple for our students to use,

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so that our students could just build things that worked,

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but they don't have five years to become an electronics engineer. We have one month.

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So how do I make something that even a kid can use?

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And actually, with Arduino,

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we have kids like Sylvia that you see here,

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that actually make projects with Arduino.

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I have 11-year-old kids stop me and show me

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stuff they built for Arduino that's really

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scary to see the capabilities

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that kids have when you give them the tools.

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So let's look at what happens when you make a tool

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that anybody can just pick up and build something quickly,

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so one of the examples that I like to sort of

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kick off this discussion is this

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example of this cat feeder.

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The gentleman who made this project had two cats.

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One was sick and the other one

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was healthy, so he had to make

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sure they ate the proper food.

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So he made this thing that recognizes the cat

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from a chip mounted inside

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on the collar of the cat, and opens the door

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and the cat can eat the food.

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This is made by recycling an old CD player

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that you can get from an old computer,

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some cardboard, tape, couple of sensors, a few blinking LEDs,

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and then suddenly you have a tool. You build something

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that you cannot find on the market.

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And I like this phrase: "Scratch your own itch."

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If you have an idea, you just go and you make it.

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This is the equivalent of sketching on paper

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done with electronics.

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So one of the features that I

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think is important about our work

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is that our hardware, on top of

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being made with love in Italy —

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as you can see from the

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back of the circuit — (Laughter)

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is that it's open,

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so we publish all the design

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files for the circuit online,

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so you can download it and

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you can actually use it to

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make something, or to modify, to learn.

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You know, when I was learning about programming,

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I learned by looking at other people's code,

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or looking at other people's circuits in magazines.

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And this is a good way to learn,

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by looking at other people's work.

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So the different elements of the project are all open,

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so the hardware is released

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with a Creative Commons license.

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So, you know, I like this idea that hardware becomes

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like a piece of culture that you share

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and you build upon, like it was

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a song or a poem with Creative Commons.

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Or, the software is GPL, so it's open-source as well.

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The documentation and the hands-on teaching

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methodology is also open-source and released as the Creative Commons.

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Just the name is protected so

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that we can make sure that we can tell people

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what is Arduino and what isn't.

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Now, Arduino itself is made of

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a lot of different open-source components

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that maybe individually are hard to use for

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a 12-year-old kid, so Arduino

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wraps everything together into

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a mashup of open-source technologies

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where we try to give them the

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best user experience to get something done quickly.

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So you have situations like this,

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where some people in Chile

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decided to make their own boards instead of buying them,

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to organize a workshop and

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to save money. Or there are

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companies that make their own

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variations of Arduino that fit

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in a certain market, and there's

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probably, maybe like a 150 of them

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or something at the moment.

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This one is made by a company

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called Adafruit, which is run by

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this woman called Limor Fried,

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also known as Ladyada, who is

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one of the heroes of the open-source hardware movement

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and the maker movement.

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So, this idea that you have a new, sort of

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turbo-charged DIY community

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that believes in open-source,

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in collaboration, collaborates

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online, collaborates in different spaces.

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There is this magazine called Make that sort of gathered

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all these people and sort of put them together

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as a community, and you see

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a very technical project explained in a

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very simple language, beautifully typeset.

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Or you have websites,

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like this one, like Instructables,

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where people actually teach each other about anything.

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So this one is about Arduino projects,

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the page you see on the screen, but effectively here you can

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learn how to make a cake and everything else.

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So let's look at some projects.

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So this one is a quadcopter.

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It's a small model helicopter.

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In a way, it's a toy, no?

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And so this one was military technology

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a few years ago, and now it's

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open-source, easy to use, you can buy it online.

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DIY Drones is the community; they do this thing called ArduCopter.

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But then somebody actually launched this start-up called

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Matternet, where they figured out that you could

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use this to actually transport

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things from one village to another in Africa,

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and the fact that this was easy to find,

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open-source, easy to hack, enabled them

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to prototype their company really quickly.

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Or, other projects. Matt Richardson: I'm getting a little sick

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of hearing about the same people on TV over and over and over

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again, so I decided to do something about it.

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This Arduino project,

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which I call the Enough Already, will mute the TV anytime

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any of these over-exposed

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personalities is mentioned. (Laughter)

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I'll show you how I made it. (Applause)

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MB: Check this out.

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MR: Our producers caught up with Kim Kardashian earlier

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today to find out what she was planning on wearing to her —

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MB: Eh? (Laughter)

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MR: It should do a pretty good

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job of protecting our ears from having to hear about the details

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of Kim Kardashian's wedding.

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MB: Okay. So, you know, again, what is interesting here

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is that Matt found this module

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that lets Arduino process

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TV signals, he found some code

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written by somebody else that generates infrared signals for the TV,

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put it together and then created this great project.

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It's also used, Arduino's used,

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in serious places like, you know, the Large Hadron Collider.

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There's some Arduino balls collecting data and sort of

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measuring some parameters.

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Or it's used for —

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(Music)

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So this is a musical interface

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built by a student from Italy,

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and he's now turning this into

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a product. Because it was a

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student project becoming a product.

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Or it can be used to make an assistive device.

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This is a glove that understands

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the sign language and transforms

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the gestures you make into sounds

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and writes the words that you're signing on a display

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And again, this is made of all different parts you can find

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on all the websites that sell Arduino-compatible parts,

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and you assemble it into a project.

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Or this is a project from the ITP part of NYU,

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where they met with this boy

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who has a severe disability, cannot play with the PS3,

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so they built this device that

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allows the kid to play baseball

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although he has limited

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movement capability.

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Or you can find it in arts projects.

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So this is the txtBomber.

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So you put a message into this device

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and then you roll it on the wall, and it basically

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has all these solenoids

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pressing the buttons on spray cans,

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so you just pull it over a wall

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and it just writes on the wall

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all the political messages.

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So, yeah. (Applause)

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Then we have this plant here.

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This is called Botanicalls,

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because there's an Arduino ball with a Wi-Fi module

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in the plant, and it's measuring

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the well-being of the plant,

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and it's creating a Twitter account

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where you can actually interact with the plant. (Laughter)

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So, you know, this plant

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will start to say, "This is really hot," or

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there's a lot of, you know, "I need water right now." (Laughter)

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So it just gives a personality to your plant.

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Or this is something that twitters when the

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baby inside the belly of a

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pregnant woman kicks. (Laughter)

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Or this is a 14-year-old kid in

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Chile who made a system that

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detects earthquakes and publishes on Twitter.

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He has 280,000 followers.

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He's 14 and he anticipated

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a governmental project by one year. (Applause)

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Or again, another project where,

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by analyzing the Twitter feed

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of a family, you can basically

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point where they are, like in the "Harry Potter" movie.

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So you can find out everything about this project on the website.

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Or somebody made a chair that twitters when somebody farts. (Laughter)

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It's interesting how, in 2009,

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Gizmodo basically defined,

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said that this project actually gives a meaning to Twitter,

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so it was — a lot changed in between. (Laughter)

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So very serious project.

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When the Fukushima disaster happened,

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a bunch of people in Japan, they realized that the information

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that the government was giving wasn't really open

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and really reliable, so they built

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this Geiger counter, plus Arduino, plus network

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interface. They made 100

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of them and gave them to people around Japan, and essentially

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the data that they gathered gets published on this website

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called Cosm, another website

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they built, so you can actually get reliable real-time

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information from the field,

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and you can get unbiased information.

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Or this machine here, it's from

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the DIY bio movement,

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and it's one of the steps that you need in order to process DNA,

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and again, it's completely open-source from the ground up.

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Or you have students in developing countries making

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replicas of scientific instruments that cost

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a lot of money to make.

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Actually they just build them themselves for a lot less

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using Arduino and a few parts.

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This is a pH probe.

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Or you get kids, like these kids, they're from Spain.

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They learned how to program and to make robots when they

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were probably, like, 11, and then they started to use Arduino

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to make these robots that play football. They became

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world champions by making an Arduino-based robot.

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And so when we had to make

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our own educational robot, we just went to them and said,

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you know, "You design it, because you know exactly

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what is needed to make a great robot that excites kids."

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Not me. I'm an old guy.

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What am I supposed to excite, huh? (Laughter)

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But as I — in terms of educational assets. (Laughter)

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There's also companies like Google

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that are using the technology

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to create interfaces between

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mobile phones, tablets and the real world.

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So the Accessory Development Kit

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from Google is open-source

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and based on Arduino, as opposed

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to the one from Apple which is

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closed-source, NDA, sign your

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life to Apple. Here you are.

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There's a giant maze, and Joey's sitting there, and the

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maze is moving when you tilt the tablet.

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Also, I come from Italy, and the design is important

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in Italy, and yet very conservative.

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So we worked with a design

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studio called Habits, in Milan,

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to make this mirror, which is completely open-source.

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This doubles also as an iPod speaker.

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So the idea is that the hardware, the software,

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the design of the object, the fabrication,

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everything about this project is open-source

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and you can make it yourself.

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So we want other designers to pick this up and learn how

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to make great devices, to learn

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how to make interactive products

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by starting from something real.

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But when you have this idea,

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you know, what happens to all these ideas?

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There's, like, thousands of ideas that I —

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You know, it would take seven hours for me to do

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all the presentations.

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I will not take all the seven hours. Thank you.

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But let's start from this example:

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So, the group of people

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that started this company called Pebble, they prototyped

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a watch that communicates via Bluetooth with your phone,

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and you can display information

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on it. And they prototyped with

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an old LCD screen from a Nokia

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mobile phone and an Arduino.

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And then, when they had a final

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project, they actually went to Kickstarter

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and they were asking for 100,000 dollars to make

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a few of them to sell.

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They got 10 million dollars.

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They got a completely

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fully funded start-up, and they don't have to,

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you know, get VCs involved or anything,

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just excite the people with their great project.

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The last project I want to show you is this:

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It's called ArduSat. It's currently on Kickstarter,

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so if you want to contribute, please do it.

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It's a satellite that goes into space, which is probably

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the least open-source thing you can imagine,

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and it contains an Arduino

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connected to a bunch of sensors. So if you know how to use Arduino,

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you can actually upload your experiments

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into this satellite and run them.

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So imagine, if you as a high school can have the satellite

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for a week and do satellite

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space experiments like that.

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So, as I said, there's

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lots of examples, and I'm going to stop here. And I just

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want to thank the Arduino community

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for being the best, and just

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every day making lots of projects.

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Thank you. (Applause)

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(Applause)

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And thanks to the community.

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Chris Anderson: Massimo,

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you told me earlier today that you had no idea, of course,

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that it would take off like this.

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MB: No.

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CA: I mean, how must you feel when you read this stuff and you

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see what you've unlocked?

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MB: Well, it's the work of a lot of people, so we as a community

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are enabling people to make

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great stuff, and I just feel overwhelmed.

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It's just, it's difficult to describe this.

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Every morning, I wake up and I look at all the stuff that

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Google Alerts sends me, and it's

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just amazing. It's just

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going into every field that you can imagine.

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CA: Thank you so much. (Applause)

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(Applause)