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（音樂）

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大概四萬三千年以前

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一頭後生嘅穴熊喺今日斯洛文尼亞
西北邊境嘅綿延山巒上去世

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一千年之後

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一頭長毛象喺德國南部去世

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幾個世紀之後，一隻兀鷲

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喺同一片地區去世

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我哋唔知道呢啲動物係點樣去世嘅

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但呢啲存在於唔同時空嘅生物
卻最終殊途同歸

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佢哋去世之後，骨骸中嘅一塊骨頭

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都經由人類嘅巧手變成咗一支長笛

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等我哋嚟諗返頭先嘅嘢

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想像你係一個四萬年前嘅穴居人

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你識得點樣用火

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又已經整咗一啲用嚟打獵嘅簡單工具

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你已經學識點樣摞獸皮嚟整衫
嚟抵禦凜冬嘅寒冷

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咁下一步你會去發明咩呢？

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發明長笛似乎好荒謬

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因為呢個工具只能發聲

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但實際上呢個就係我哋祖先做嘅事

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喺發明嘅歷史長河中

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無用嘅發明竟然係比比皆是

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儘管有時候人發明事物

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係為咗生存，或者養育下一代
或者征服隔籬嘅村莊

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但係往往，新諗法嘅誕生

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其實只係因為佢哋畀到人樂趣

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實在令人覺得奇怪嘅係：

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好多好玩但似乎微不足道嘅發明

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最終都會喺科學、政治同社會上
帶嚟極為重要嘅轉變

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就以可能係依家最為重要嘅發明——

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可編程電腦為例

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依家一般講法係，電腦起源於軍事技術

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因為好多早期嘅電腦專門設計
嚟破解戰時密碼或者計算火箭彈道

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但事實上，現代電腦嘅起源

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比你想像中仲要有趣得多

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甚至同音樂有關

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長笛背後
利用空氣通過管道嚟發聲嘅諗法

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最終喺兩千幾年前演變為第一部風琴

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有人諗到用手指敲擊細槓杆
嚟發聲嘅絕世好竅

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從而發明咗第一個琴鍵

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從風琴、古鋼琴、大鍵琴，到鋼琴
琴鍵都一直演變緊

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直到十九世紀中期

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一班發明家突發奇想

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摞鍵盤嚟寫信，而唔係摞鍵盤演奏

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事實上，最初期嘅打字機
原來係被稱為「識寫字嘅大鍵琴」

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但原來，長笛同音樂
曾經引致更加勁嘅突破

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大概一千年之前

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喺「伊斯蘭復興運動」嘅鼎盛時期

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嚟自巴格達嘅三兄弟

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設計咗一部自動風琴

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命名為「自動演奏風琴」

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依家睇嚟，呢個樂器其實就係
一個巨型嘅八音盒

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通過將凸點加注喺一個轉動嘅音筒上

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風琴就可以演奏曲目

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如果你想機器演奏一首唔同嘅曲目

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只需要換上一個有唔同凸點排列嘅音筒

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呢個樂器係同類中嘅首創，可以編寫

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依家，從概念上嚟講，呢個係一大進步

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因為呢個發明嘅面世
將硬件同軟件嘅概念形象化

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而呢個不可思議嘅犀利諗法
唔係嚟自一個用於戰爭嘅工具

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亦都唔係嚟自需求

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佢嚟自於望住一個機器
演奏音樂時嘅神奇愉悅感

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事實上，可編程機器嘅諗法

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一直只出現喺音樂世界裏面大概七百年

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喺十六世紀，音樂演奏機器
成為巴黎上流社會嘅玩物

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表演者用同樣嘅編碼音筒

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嚟控制一種叫做自動玩偶嘅
早期機器人嘅動作

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其中一個最出名嘅機器人

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就係由一位才華橫溢嘅法國發明家

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Jacques de Vaucanson 設計嘅
自動長笛演奏玩偶

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當 de Vaucanson 設計緊佢嘅
機器人音樂家嗰時

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佢有另一個諗法

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佢諗，既然可以編程
一個發出優美樂聲嘅機器

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咁點解唔摞佢織出色彩斑斕嘅布匹？

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佢哋與其用凸點音筒播歌

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佢哋用唔同顏色嘅線頭織成布匹

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如果你想要一匹有新圖案嘅布

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咁編程一個新嘅轉筒就得啦

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呢個就係第一個可編程織布機

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但係整轉筒實在係太貴又浪費時間

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於是半個世紀之後

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另一位叫做 Jacquard 嘅
法國發明家靈光一閃

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諗到摞打窿卡嚟代替金屬轉筒

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原來用紙編程一個裝置會更加靈活同平

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之後嗰個窿片穿孔系統啟發
維多利亞時代發明家 Charles Babbage

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砌出一台分析引擎

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於是，有史以嚟第一部
真正能夠編程嘅電腦就咁誕生咗

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穿窿卡片去到二十世紀七十年代
都仲俾電腦程序員用緊

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試問：

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到底係咩真正令到現代電腦成為現實？

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冇錯，軍事需要確實係好重要嘅原因

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但係發明一部電腦都離唔開其他因素：


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八音盒、玩具長笛演奏機器人

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大鍵琴鍵盤，同埋印上布匹嘅斑斕圖案

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軍事需要只係成個故仔中一小部份

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有好多改變世界嘅諗法同科技
都係嚟自「玩」

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譬如公共博物館、橡膠
概率論、保險行業等等

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發明唔係總係因求而生

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就係因為鍾意玩，我哋先至會探索

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先至會發掘周圍嘅可能

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而嗰種探索態度

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正正令原本好多只為樂趣、玩樂嘅事物
變成重大突破嘅嘢

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依家，我覺得玩樂同我哋點樣
喺學校教育細路仔

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同埋點樣喺工作場所鼓勵創新
都有關係

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但咁樣睇，玩樂同樂趣
都可以幫我哋預知未來

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試諗下：喺 1750 年，你坐喺度

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想像緊 20、21 世紀社會
翻天覆地嘅改變

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譬如自動化機器、電腦、人工智能

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而一個取悅巴黎上流社會嘅可編程長笛

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喺當時已經成為將來發展嘅最強線索

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雖然佢睇起身最多係一種消遣

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冇乜嚴肅實際嘅用處

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但係最終卻會牽起
一個會改變世界嘅科技革命

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最後，你可以喺啲人最多樂趣嘅地方
預見未來