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It's been a few years since I’ve checked in with The Bechdel Test For Women in Movies

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so I thought I’d be a good time to look in on Hollywood

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and see if there's been any substantial improvement in women's representations on the big screen.

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One way to do this is to apply the test to the films that have been nominated for best picture in the 2011 Academy Awards,

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since the Oscars are widely regarded as the “best of the best” at least as determined by the industry itself.

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But before I get to that, here’s a quick refresher on what the Bechdel Test is and how it works.

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The Bechdel Test is a very basic gauge to measure women's relevance to a film's plot

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and generally to assess female presence in Hollywood movies.

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It was popularized by Allison Bechdel in her comic Dykes to Watch Out For back in 1985.

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In order to pass the test a film just needs to fulfill these three, very simple, criteria:

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A movie has to have at least two women in it who have names,

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who talk to each other,

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about something besides a man.

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Pretty simple right?

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I mean this is really the absolute lowest that we could possibly set the bar

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for women’s meaningful presence in movies.

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Let’s remember that this was made as a bit of a joke

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to make fun of the fact that there are so few movies with significant female characters in them.

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The reason the test has become so important in recent years

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is because it actually does highlight a serious and ongoing problem within the entertainment industry.

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So with that in mind, let’s take a look at the Academy Award best picture nominees

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for 2011 and see how they measure up to the Bechdel Test.

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First up the Descendents.

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It’s a story of a father pulling his family through a crisis.

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The mother is basically fridged before the opening credits even finish rolling

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to provide the catalyst for the father figure’s growth.

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This film does pass the test because of a handful of brief interactions between female characters,

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including between the two daughters, Alex and Scotty.

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Moneyball is a story about an American League baseball team centered around their general manager Billy Beane.

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It fails the test badly, not even having two female characters speak to each other at all.

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Even so it’s a surprisingly funny and captivating movie.

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Tree of Life is a more experimental film about a boy and his family.

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It fails the test because the only brief scene where two women talk,

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the conversation is about the death of the family's son.

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While it's true there's very little dialogue in the film as a whole,

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the father and the son do speak to each other on multiple occasions.

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Hugo is a whimsical film about an orphan boy trying to solve a mystery left by his father.

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And while there are two named female characters who speak to each other,

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their conversation is always in relationship to a man

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except this one 5 second interaction that some might argue constitutes a pass.

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Isabelle: You were an actress? A real cinema actress, it’s impossibly romantic mama.

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Mama: It wasn’t like that, we weren’t movie stars like they have today.

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If while at the theater you drop your box of junior mints, and by the time you pick em up

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you’ve missed the one scene in the whole film where women actually talk to each other,

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there’s something clearly wrong.

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Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close also fails the test.

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It follows the story of a boy dealing with the trauma of losing his father on 9/11.

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Two women never talk to each other about anything other than the boy.

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In classic Woody Allan style, Midnight in Paris is about a man struggling to discover himself

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and while there’s a handful of women in the picture,

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they never really discuss anything other than men and men's influence on their lives.

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Some critics have argued that this brief scene between Inez and her mother constitutes a pass.

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Helen: Come look at these Inez. Wouldn’t these be charming in a Malibu beach house?

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Inez: oh

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Helen: Combien monsieur?

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Shop Owner: dix-huit mille

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Helen : Merci

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Inez : What is that ?

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Helen: They’re a steal at 18,000 dollars.

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Gil: 18,000 dollars for this!?

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Helen: Oh wait it’s euros…

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But as you’ll notice Owen Wilson’s character and the shop keeper are also involved in the interaction.

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So I’d say it fails.

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But I'll come back to this one line question later in the video

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What’s even more embarrassing about this film

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is that one of the most important historical figures that Gil interacts with is Gertrude Stein.

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For those of you who aren’t familiar with her,

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Stein is one of the most famous writers and lesbians in American history,

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and Woody Allan has the nerve to not have her speak to another female character in the entire film.

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War Horse is a story about a boy and his horse.

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It fails.

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So moving on.

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The Help is a woman centered story with a large female cast,

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there’s no doubt that this film passes the test.

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While the film is deeply problematic when it comes to portraying issues of racism in America,

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both Viola Davis and Octavia Spencer give incredible and moving performances.

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Finally, we have the The Artist, which it’s true, is a silent film.

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So you might be asking how we can apply the Bechdel Test to a film without any spoken dialogue?

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Well in classic Silent movie style characters do communicate with each other

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via title cards,

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mouthing words,

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facial expressions, physical gestures and pantomime.

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So for this one I’ll accept any non-verbal communication between two women

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that has any significance to the plot that’s not about a man.

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And amazingly… it still fails.

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It looks like out of the 9 best picture nominees in 2011 only 2 clearly pass the bechdel test,

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while 2 others are questionable about one line.

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And notably only one film nominated is female centered.

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Coming back to Hugo and Midnight in Paris,

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unfortunately, discussions and debates surrounding the Bechdel test often descend into quibbling over whether

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one brief and questionable exchange makes a movie pass the test or not.

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It’s not really necessary to get bogged down in the minutia

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of whether one 10 second scene constitutes “talking to each other”.

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If there’s really that much of a debate about this point,

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then it’s a pretty good indicator that there’s a problem with women’s representation in the movie.

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So, in the spirit of the Bechdel test,

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I'd like to respectfully propose adding a small addendum:

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A film has to have two named women who speak to each other

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for longer than 60 seconds about something besides a man.

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This new 60 second rule would help to clarify the test

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and resolve some of the quibbles over one or two lines

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and if two women do speak to each other for more then 60 seconds

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there’s a slightly better chance that the dialogue will have some relevance to the plot,

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maybe.

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I mean, its only 1 minute out of a 90 or 120 minute film that we’re talking about here, it’s still a really low bar.

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Passing films still wouldn’t necessarily have substantial female roles

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it would make it harder for a movie to squeak by on a technicality.

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For example if we look at the Best Picture nominees from 2010,

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6 out of the 10 nominees might arguably get by

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but if we apply the new 60 second rule we find that half of them wouldn’t make the cut at all.

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The three 2010 films that DO pass the test with women who speak to each other for more then 60 seconds

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about something other then a man are all actually female centered films.

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And if you haven’t seen Winter’s Bone yet, put it at the top of your list.

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In addition to being beautifully shot and well acted,

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I highly recommend it for its complex portrayal of gender and poverty in rural America.

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Interestingly, even though True Grit is a female centered story,

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following the adventures of Mattie Ross struggling to get by in a man’s world,

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when we apply the 60 second rule the film doesn’t pass.

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In fact the only exchange she has with any other woman is with Mrs. Floyd the innkeeper

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and those incidental interactions total less than a minute.

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This style of film where the female lead inhabits an almost entirely male world,

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brings to mind the Smurfette Principle which I’ve discussed in my Tropes vs Women video series.

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Again, to be clear this test does not gauge the quality of a film,

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it doesn’t determine whether a film is feminist or not, and it doesn’t even determine whether a film is woman centered.

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Some pretty awful movies including ones that have

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stereotypical and/or sexist representations of women might pass the test with flying colours

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Where really well made films that I would highly recommend might not.

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The Bechdel test is best when used as a tool to evaluate Hollywood as an institution,

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it can be applied to pretty much any grouping of mainstream movies

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such as the Golden Globes nominees or the top grossing films of any given year, all with similar results.

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The test helps us identify the lack of relevant and meaningful female roles

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as a larger pattern in the film industry as a whole.

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The problem isn’t restricted to any individual movie, director or genre.

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Every once and awhile we get a film like Bridesmaids

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that depict women and women’s relationships with one another in a more genuine and less "chick flicky way”

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but this happens about as often as women are nominated for best director by the Academy.

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In response to the Bechdel Test, I’m often asked, well, what about the reverse?

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“Why isn’t there also a test to determine if two men talk to each other about something other then a woman”.

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The answer to that is simple, the test is meant to indicate a problem,

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and there isn’t a problem with a lack of men interacting with one another.

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The Bechdel test is useful because it can point out an institutional pattern

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and since there’s no problem with men and men’s stories being underrepresented in films,

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the reverse test is not useless or relevant.

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Women aren’t the only ones marginalized in Hollywood movies,

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so one variation on the Bechdel Test that is actually useful

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is applying the test to the development and presence of characters of colour.

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Alaya Dawn Johnson adapted the test to ask if a movie has two or more people of colour in it,

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who talk to each other about something other than a white person.

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The percentage of films that pass the modified test is extremely small,

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even a movie like the Help which stars multiple named women of colour in prominent roles,

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passes by the narrowest of margins because characters are almost always talking to or about white people.

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This variation of the test exposes the fact that Hollywood still basically refuses

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to make movies for a general audience that focuses on the lives of people of colour,

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unless it also stars a sympathetic white character.

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As Martha Southgate pointed out,

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“Implicit in The Help and a number of other popular works that deal with the civil rights era

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is the notion that a white character is somehow crucial or even necessary to this particular tale of black liberation.”

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So with that in mind, and as I saw on George Takei’s facebook page,

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this may be a slightly more appropriate title for the movie.

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So while it might be comforting to think that the number of important female roles in Hollywood films are slowly growing,

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the truth is they’re really not.

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Men are still primarily the studio executives, the writers, the directors and the major decision makers in the industry

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and they tell stories that they can relate to.

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Not surprisingly this results in most movies focusing on men and men's stories.

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So while it might make sense that one specific film like Moneyball is male dominated and male centered

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and they wouldn’t or couldn’t incorporate women as major characters,

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the problem is that the vast majority of movies made in Hollywood are also male centered and male dominated.

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It’s depressingly clear that Hollywood doesn’t prioritize roles for women

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and isn’t interested in telling women’s stories.

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The real solution here is for filmmakers and screen writers to focus more movies on women and women’s lives,

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that’s how we really solve this problem.

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There are literally thousands of compelling, important and courageous

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women’s stories just waiting to be told on the big screen.

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When there are as many stories that center on women, as there are on men,

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then there won’t be as much use for the Bechdel Test anymore,

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but sadly it seems, that’s still a long ways away.

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