[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.23,0:00:04.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a river.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.86,0:00:07.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a stream.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.39,0:00:09.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a river.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.74,0:00:12.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is happening all over the country.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.36,0:00:17.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are tens of thousands of miles\Nof dewatered streams in the United States.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.26,0:00:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On this map, the colored areas\Nrepresent water conflicts.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.00,0:00:26.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Similar problems\Nare emerging in the East as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.79,0:00:31.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The reasons vary state to state,\Nbut mostly in the details.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.91,0:00:36.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are 4,000 miles\Nof dewatered streams in Montana alone.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.66,0:00:40.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They would ordinarily\Nsupport fish and other wildlife.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.24,0:00:44.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're the veins of the ecosystem,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.23,0:00:46.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they're often empty veins.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.96,0:00:51.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to tell you the story\Nof just one of these streams,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.24,0:00:54.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it's an archetype\Nfor the larger story.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.70,0:00:56.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is Prickly Pear Creek.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.46,0:01:00.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It runs through a populated area\Nfrom East Helena to Lake Helena.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.94,0:01:07.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It supports wild fish including cutthroat,\Nbrown and rainbow trout.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.62,0:01:11.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nearly every year\Nfor more than a hundred years ...
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.13,0:01:15.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it looked like this in the summer.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.34,0:01:16.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How did we get here?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.83,0:01:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, it started back in the late 1800s
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.03,0:01:23.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when people started settling\Nin places like Montana.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.29,0:01:28.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In short, there was a lot of water\Nand there weren't very many people.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.09,0:01:31.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But as more people\Nshowed up wanting water,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.12,0:01:34.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the folks who were there first\Ngot a little concerned,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.10,0:01:38.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in 1865, Montana passed\Nits first water law.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.75,0:01:42.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It basically said, everybody\Nnear the stream can share in the stream.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.31,0:01:46.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oddly, a lot of people showed up\Nwanting to share the stream,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.29,0:01:47.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the folks who were there first
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.94,0:01:50.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,got concerned enough\Nto bring out their lawyers.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.63,0:01:54.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There were precedent-setting suits\Nin 1870 and 1872,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.12,0:01:56.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,both involving Prickly Pear Creek.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.75,0:01:57.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in 1921,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.00,0:02:03.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Montana Supreme Court\Nruled in a case involving Prickly Pear
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.10,0:02:08.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the folks who were there first\Nhad the first, or "senior water rights."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.56,0:02:12.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These senior water rights are key.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.81,0:02:16.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The problem is that all over the West\Nnow it looks like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.66,0:02:18.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of these creeks have claims
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.47,0:02:22.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for 50 to 100 times more water\Nthan is actually in the stream.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.31,0:02:28.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the senior water rights holders,\Nif they don't use their water right,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.18,0:02:30.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they risk losing their water right --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.07,0:02:33.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,along with the economic value\Nthat goes with it.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.77,0:02:36.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they have no incentive to conserve.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.18,0:02:39.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's not just\Nabout the number of people;
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.52,0:02:43.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the system itself creates\Na disincentive to conserve
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.93,0:02:47.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because you can lose your water\Nright if you don't use it.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.30,0:02:52.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So after decades of lawsuits\Nand 140 years, now, of experience,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.32,0:02:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we still have this.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.84,0:02:57.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a broken system.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.64,0:02:59.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a disincentive to conserve,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.67,0:03:03.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because if you don't use your water right,\Nyou can lose your water right.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.28,0:03:06.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I'm sure you all know,\Nthis has created significant conflicts
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.54,0:03:09.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between the agricultural\Nand environmental communities.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.55,0:03:12.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK, now I'm going to change gears here.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.96,0:03:17.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most of you will be happy to know that\Nthe rest of the presentation's free ...
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.73,0:03:18.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.78,0:03:21.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and some of you'll be happy\Nto know that it involves beer.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.59,0:03:24.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.59,0:03:27.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's another thing\Nhappening around the country,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.06,0:03:29.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is that companies\Nare starting to get concerned
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.58,0:03:31.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about their water footprint.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.24,0:03:34.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're concerned about securing\Nan adequate supply of water,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.35,0:03:37.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're trying to be really efficient\Nwith their water use,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.25,0:03:39.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they're concerned\Nabout how their water use
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.49,0:03:41.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,affects the image of their brand.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.27,0:03:43.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, it's a national problem,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.84,0:03:46.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I'm going to tell you\Nanother story from Montana ...
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.55,0:03:48.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it involves beer.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.72,0:03:51.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I bet you didn't know,\Nit takes about 5 pints of water
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.70,0:03:53.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make a pint of beer.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.33,0:03:55.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you include all the drain,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.33,0:03:58.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it takes more than a hundred pints\Nof water to make a pint of beer.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.90,0:04:00.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now the brewers in Montana
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.37,0:04:04.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have already done a lot\Nto reduce their water consumption,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.33,0:04:06.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they still use\Nmillions of gallons of water.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.62,0:04:08.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, there's water in beer.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.17,0:04:16.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what can they do\Nabout this remaining water footprint
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.50,0:04:19.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can have serious effects\Non the ecosystem?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.18,0:04:22.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These ecosystems are really important
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.49,0:04:24.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the Montana brewers\Nand their customers.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.55,0:04:28.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After all, there's a strong correlation\Nbetween water and fishing,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.22,0:04:32.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for some, there's a strong correlation\Nbetween fishing and beer.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.47,0:04:33.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.00,0:04:37.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the Montana brewers\Nand their customers are concerned
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.62,0:04:40.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they're looking for some way\Nto address the problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.33,0:04:43.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how can they address\Nthis remaining water footprint?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.97,0:04:45.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remember Prickly Pear.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.50,0:04:49.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Up until now, business water stewardship
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.70,0:04:52.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has been limited\Nto measuring and reducing,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.98,0:04:57.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we're suggesting\Nthat the next step is to restore.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.12,0:04:59.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remember Prickly Pear.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.32,0:05:00.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a broken system.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.57,0:05:02.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You've got a disincentive to conserve,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.63,0:05:06.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because if you don't use your water right,\Nyou risk losing your water right.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.40,0:05:08.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, we decided to connect\Nthese two worlds --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.81,0:05:12.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the world of the companies\Nwith their water footprints
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.16,0:05:13.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the world of the farmers
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.79,0:05:16.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with their senior water rights\Non these creeks.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.26,0:05:17.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In some states,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.32,0:05:22.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,senior water rights holders\Ncan leave their water in the stream
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.00,0:05:26.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while legally protecting it from others,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.04,0:05:29.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and maintaining their water right.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.74,0:05:33.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After all, it is their water right,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.18,0:05:37.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if they want to use that water right\Nto help the fish grow in the stream,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.72,0:05:39.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's their right to do so.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.14,0:05:43.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But they have no incentive to do so.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.80,0:05:50.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, working with local water trusts,\Nwe created an incentive to do so.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.10,0:05:54.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We pay them to leave\Ntheir water in stream.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.28,0:05:55.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's what's happening here.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.69,0:06:00.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This individual has made the choice\Nand is closing this water diversion,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.52,0:06:02.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,leaving the water in the stream.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.72,0:06:04.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He doesn't lose the water right,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.38,0:06:09.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he just chooses to apply that right,\Nor some portion of it,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.18,0:06:11.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the stream, instead of to the land.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.43,0:06:14.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because he's the senior\Nwater-rights holder,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.84,0:06:17.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he can protect the water\Nfrom other users in the stream.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.95,0:06:20.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.27,0:06:22.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He gets paid to leave\Nthe water in the stream.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.21,0:06:27.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This guy's measuring the water\Nthat this leaves in the stream.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.56,0:06:31.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We then take the measured water,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.08,0:06:33.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we divide it into\Nthousand-gallon increments.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.24,0:06:37.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each increment gets a serial number\Nand a certificate,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.90,0:06:41.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then the brewers and others\Nbuy those certificates
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.31,0:06:45.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a way to return water\Nto these degraded ecosystems.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.40,0:06:48.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The brewers pay\Nto restore water to the stream.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.67,0:06:53.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It provides a simple,\Ninexpensive and measurable way
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.87,0:06:57.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to return water\Nto these degraded ecosystems,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.61,0:07:00.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while giving farmers an economic choice
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.52,0:07:03.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and giving businesses\Nconcerned about their water footprints
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.43,0:07:04.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an easy way to deal with them.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.48,0:07:11.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After 140 years of conflict\Nand 100 years of dry streams,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.32,0:07:16.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a circumstance that litigation\Nand regulation has not solved,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.79,0:07:21.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we put together a market-based,\Nwilling buyer, willing seller solution --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.99,0:07:24.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a solution that\Ndoes not require litigation.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.48,0:07:31.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's about giving folks\Nconcerned about their water footprints
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.38,0:07:35.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a real opportunity to put water\Nwhere it's critically needed,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.99,0:07:38.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into these degraded ecosystems,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.51,0:07:44.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while at the same time providing farmers\Na meaningful economic choice
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.26,0:07:46.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about how their water is used.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.20,0:07:48.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These transactions\Ncreate allies, not enemies.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.90,0:07:51.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They connect people\Nrather than dividing them.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.38,0:07:55.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they provide needed economic\Nsupport for rural communities.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.12,0:07:57.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And most importantly, it's working.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.13,0:08:01.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've returned more than four billion\Ngallons of water to degraded ecosystems.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.82,0:08:03.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've connected senior\Nwater-rights holders
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.87,0:08:05.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with brewers in Montana,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.35,0:08:08.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with hotels and tea companies in Oregon,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.08,0:08:11.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and with high-tech companies\Nthat use a lot of water in the Southwest.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.71,0:08:14.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when we make these connections,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.12,0:08:17.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can and we do turn this ...
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.96,0:08:19.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into this.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.56,0:08:20.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.96,0:08:22.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.43,0:08:26.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)