[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.06,0:00:03.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Good morning.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.33,0:00:05.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I was a little boy,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.11,0:00:08.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I had an experience that changed my life,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.19,0:00:11.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and is in fact why I'm here today.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.10,0:00:13.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That one moment
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.04,0:00:15.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,profoundly affected how I think about
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.30,0:00:18.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,art, design and engineering.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.52,0:00:21.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As background, I was fortunate enough to grow up
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.28,0:00:24.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a family of loving and talented artists
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.99,0:00:27.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in one of the world's great cities.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.56,0:00:31.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My dad, John Ferren, who died when I was 15,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.43,0:00:34.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was an artist by both passion and profession,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.96,0:00:37.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as is my mom, Rae.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.22,0:00:39.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was one of the New York School
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.03,0:00:40.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,abstract expressionists who,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.79,0:00:43.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,together with his contemporaries,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.30,0:00:46.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,invented American modern art,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.20,0:00:49.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and contributed to moving the American zeitgeist
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.38,0:00:53.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,towards modernism in the 20th century.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.93,0:00:56.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Isn't it remarkable that, after thousands of years
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.85,0:01:00.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of people doing mostly representational art,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.49,0:01:02.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that modern art, comparatively speaking,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.52,0:01:04.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is about 15 minutes old,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.86,0:01:06.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,yet now pervasive.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.76,0:01:08.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As with many other important innovations,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.70,0:01:12.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those radical ideas required no new technology,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.32,0:01:15.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just fresh thinking and a willingness to experiment,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.22,0:01:19.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,plus resiliency in the face of near-universal criticism
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.39,0:01:20.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and rejection.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.84,0:01:23.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In our home, art was everywhere.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.36,0:01:24.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was like oxygen,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.93,0:01:28.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around us and necessary for life.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.09,0:01:29.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As I watched him paint,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.95,0:01:32.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dad taught me that art
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.26,0:01:34.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was not about being decorative,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.46,0:01:37.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but was a different way of communicating ideas,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.58,0:01:39.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in fact one that could bridge the worlds
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.62,0:01:42.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of knowledge and insight.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.54,0:01:44.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Given this rich artistic environment,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.68,0:01:46.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you'd assume that I would have been compelled
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.30,0:01:48.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to go into the family business,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.41,0:01:51.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but no.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.02,0:01:52.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I followed the path of most kids
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.81,0:01:54.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who are genetically programmed
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.16,0:01:56.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make their parents crazy.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.36,0:01:58.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I had no interest in becoming an artist,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.98,0:02:00.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,certainly not a painter.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.54,0:02:03.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What I did love was electronics and machines --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.84,0:02:05.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,taking them apart, building new ones,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.46,0:02:07.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and making them work.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.35,0:02:11.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fortunately, my family also had engineers in it,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.25,0:02:12.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and with my parents,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.46,0:02:15.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these were my first role models.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.09,0:02:16.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What they all had in common
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.44,0:02:19.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was they worked very, very hard.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.15,0:02:21.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My grandpa owned and operated a sheet metal
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.52,0:02:24.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kitchen cabinet factory in Brooklyn.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.22,0:02:27.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On weekends, we would go\Ntogether to Cortlandt Street,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.65,0:02:30.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was New York City's radio row.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.32,0:02:33.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There we would explore massive piles
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.12,0:02:34.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of surplus electronics,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.34,0:02:36.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for a few bucks bring home treasures
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.65,0:02:38.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like Norden bombsights
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.08,0:02:42.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and parts from the first IBM tube-based computers.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.59,0:02:45.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I found these objects both useful and fascinating.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.66,0:02:48.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I learned about engineering and how things worked,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.29,0:02:49.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not at school
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.75,0:02:51.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but by taking apart and studying
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.54,0:02:54.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these fabulously complex devices.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.01,0:02:56.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I did this for hours every day,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.60,0:02:59.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,apparently avoiding electrocution.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.90,0:03:01.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Life was good.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.47,0:03:03.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, every summer, sadly,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.79,0:03:05.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the machines got left behind
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.82,0:03:08.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while my parents and I traveled overseas
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.02,0:03:11.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to experience history, art and design.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.66,0:03:14.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We visited the great museums and historic buildings
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.06,0:03:15.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of both Europe and the Middle East,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.92,0:03:18.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but to encourage my growing interest
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.18,0:03:19.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in science and technology,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.99,0:03:22.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they would simply drop me off in places
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.28,0:03:24.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like the London Science Museum,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.72,0:03:28.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where I would wander endlessly for hours by myself
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.44,0:03:32.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,studying the history of science and technology.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.41,0:03:35.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then, when I was about nine years old,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.68,0:03:37.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we went to Rome.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.54,0:03:39.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On one particularly hot summer day,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.90,0:03:42.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we visited a drum-shaped\Nbuilding that from the outside
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.78,0:03:45.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was not particularly interesting.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.03,0:03:47.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My dad said it was called the Pantheon,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.35,0:03:49.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a temple for all of the gods.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.82,0:03:52.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It didn't look all that special from the outside,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.10,0:03:54.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as I said, but when we walked inside,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.53,0:03:57.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was immediately struck by three things:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.85,0:04:01.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First of all, it was pleasantly cool
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.08,0:04:03.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,despite the oppressive heat outside.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.16,0:04:05.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was very dark, the only source of light
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.87,0:04:08.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,being an big open hole in the roof.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.34,0:04:10.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dad explained that this wasn't a big open hole,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.58,0:04:12.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it was called the oculus,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.39,0:04:14.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an eye to the heavens.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.76,0:04:16.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there was something about this place,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.91,0:04:19.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I didn't know why, that just felt special.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.91,0:04:21.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As we walked to the center of the room,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.91,0:04:24.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I looked up at the heavens through the oculus.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.73,0:04:27.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was the first church that I'd been to
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.03,0:04:29.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that provided an unrestricted view
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.23,0:04:32.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between God and man.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.39,0:04:35.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I wondered, what about when it rained?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.82,0:04:37.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dad may have called this an oculus,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.68,0:04:40.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it was, in fact, a big hole in the roof.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.76,0:04:42.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I looked down and saw floor drains
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.59,0:04:45.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had been cut into the stone floor.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.18,0:04:47.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As I became more accustomed to the dark,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.64,0:04:49.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was able to make out details of the floor
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.90,0:04:51.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the surrounding walls.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.63,0:04:54.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No big deal here, just the same statuary stuff
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.21,0:04:56.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we'd seen all over Rome.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.12,0:04:57.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, it looked like the Appian Way
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.80,0:04:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,marble salesman showed up
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.99,0:05:02.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with his sample book, showed it to Hadrian,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.44,0:05:05.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Hadrian said, "We'll take all of it."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.08,0:05:06.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.79,0:05:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the ceiling was amazing.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.00,0:05:12.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It looked like a Buckminster Fuller geodesic dome.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.84,0:05:14.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd seen these before,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.15,0:05:16.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Bucky was friends with my dad.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.39,0:05:19.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was modern, high-tech, impressive,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.88,0:05:22.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a huge 142-foot clear span
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.32,0:05:25.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which, not coincidentally, was exactly its height.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.56,0:05:26.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I loved this place.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.83,0:05:30.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was really beautiful and unlike\Nanything I'd ever seen before,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.24,0:05:33.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I asked my dad, "When was this built?"
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.82,0:05:36.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said, "About 2,000 years ago."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.95,0:05:39.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I said, "No, I mean, the roof."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.45,0:05:41.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You see, I assumed that this was a modern roof
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.41,0:05:43.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that had been put on because the original
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.33,0:05:46.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was destroyed in some long-past war.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.87,0:05:50.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said, "It's the original roof."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.34,0:05:52.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That moment changed my life,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.81,0:05:55.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I can remember it as if it were yesterday.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.46,0:05:58.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For the first time, I realized people were smart
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.06,0:06:00.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,2,000 years ago. (Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.20,0:06:02.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This had never crossed my mind.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.31,0:06:06.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, to me, the pyramids at Giza,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.18,0:06:08.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we visited those the year before,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.11,0:06:11.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and sure they're impressive, nice enough design,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.03,0:06:13.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but look, give me an unlimited budget,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.49,0:06:17.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,20,000 to 40,000 laborers, and about 10 to 20 years
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.48,0:06:21.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to cut and drag stone blocks \Nacross the countryside,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.10,0:06:23.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'll build you pyramids too.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.86,0:06:26.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But no amount of brute force
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.67,0:06:29.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gets you the dome of the Pantheon,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.71,0:06:32.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not 2,000 years ago, nor today.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.73,0:06:35.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And incidentally, it is still the largest
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.47,0:06:39.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unreinforced concrete dome that's ever been built.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.28,0:06:42.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To build the Pantheon took some miracles.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.28,0:06:44.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By miracles, I mean things that are
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.71,0:06:47.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,technically barely possible,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.30,0:06:50.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very high-risk, and might not be
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.37,0:06:52.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually accomplishable at this moment in time,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.95,0:06:57.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,certainly not by you.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.20,0:07:00.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, here are some\Nof the Pantheon's miracles.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.33,0:07:03.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To make it even structurally possible,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.02,0:07:05.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they had to invent super-strong concrete,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.59,0:07:07.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to control weight,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.54,0:07:09.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,varied the density of the aggregate
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.60,0:07:12.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as they worked their way up the dome.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.37,0:07:14.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For strength and lightness, the dome structure
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.67,0:07:16.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,used five rings of coffers,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.71,0:07:18.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,each of diminishing size,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.32,0:07:21.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which imparts a dramatic forced perspective
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.05,0:07:23.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the design.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.06,0:07:24.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was wonderfully cool inside
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.99,0:07:27.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of its huge thermal mass,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.17,0:07:29.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,natural convection of air rising up
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.25,0:07:30.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through the oculus,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.66,0:07:33.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a Venturi effect when wind blows across
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.13,0:07:35.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the top of the building.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.43,0:07:39.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I discovered for the first time that light itself
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.39,0:07:41.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has substance.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.36,0:07:44.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The shaft of light beaming through the oculus
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.04,0:07:46.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was both beautiful and palpable,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.53,0:07:48.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I realized for the first time
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.78,0:07:50.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that light could be designed.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.68,0:07:55.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Further, that of all of the forms of design,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.56,0:07:56.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,visual design,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.94,0:07:58.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they were all kind of irrelevant without it,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.77,0:08:02.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because without light, you can't see any of them.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.63,0:08:05.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I also realized that I wasn't the first person
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.08,0:08:08.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to think that this place was really special.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.34,0:08:12.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It survived gravity, barbarians, looters, developers
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.72,0:08:14.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the ravages of time to become
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.61,0:08:15.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what I believe is the longest
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.99,0:08:18.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,continuously occupied building in history.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.95,0:08:21.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Largely because of that visit,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.17,0:08:22.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I came to understand that,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.70,0:08:25.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,contrary to what I was being told in school,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.34,0:08:27.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the worlds of art and design
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.37,0:08:29.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were not, in fact, incompatible
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.39,0:08:31.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with science and engineering.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.06,0:08:33.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I realized, when combined,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.16,0:08:35.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you could create things that were amazing
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.92,0:08:38.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that couldn't be done in either domain alone.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.77,0:08:41.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in school, with few exceptions,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.20,0:08:43.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they were treated as separate worlds,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.12,0:08:45.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they still are.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.26,0:08:47.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My teachers told me that I had to get serious
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.96,0:08:50.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and focus on one or the other.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.13,0:08:53.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, urging me to specialize
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.23,0:08:56.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only caused me to really \Nappreciate those polymaths
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.54,0:09:00.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.69,0:09:02.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Benjamin Franklin,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.11,0:09:04.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people who did exactly the opposite.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.82,0:09:07.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this led me to embrace
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.01,0:09:09.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and want to be in both worlds.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.98,0:09:15.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So then how do these projects of unprecedented creative vision and technical complexity
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.81,0:09:18.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like the Pantheon actually happen?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.30,0:09:22.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Someone themselves, perhaps Hadrian,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.23,0:09:25.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,needed a brilliant creative vision.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.42,0:09:28.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They also needed the storytelling\Nand leadership skills
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.21,0:09:30.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,necessary to fund and execute it,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.99,0:09:33.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a mastery of science and technology
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.85,0:09:35.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the ability and knowhow
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.94,0:09:39.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to push existing innovations even farther.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.98,0:09:43.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is my belief that to create\Nthese rare game changers
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.90,0:09:48.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,requires you to pull off at least five miracles.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.03,0:09:50.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The problem is, no matter how talented,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.73,0:09:52.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rich or smart you are,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.46,0:09:55.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you only get one to one and a half miracles.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.48,0:09:57.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's it. That's the quota.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.27,0:09:59.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then you run out of time, money, enthusiasm,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.88,0:10:01.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whatever.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.26,0:10:03.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remember, most people can't even imagine
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.54,0:10:05.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of these technical miracles,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.44,0:10:08.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you need at least five to make a Pantheon.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.55,0:10:11.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In my experience, these rare visionaries
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.05,0:10:12.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who can think across the worlds of art,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.89,0:10:14.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,design and engineering
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.72,0:10:16.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have the ability to notice
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.92,0:10:19.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when others have provided enough of the miracles
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.64,0:10:22.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to bring the goal within reach.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.19,0:10:24.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Driven by the clarity of their vision,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.83,0:10:27.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they summon the courage and determination
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.14,0:10:29.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to deliver the remaining miracles
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.24,0:10:32.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they often take what other people think to be
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.78,0:10:34.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,insurmountable obstacles
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.83,0:10:36.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and turn them into features.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.62,0:10:39.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Take the oculus of the Pantheon.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.54,0:10:41.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By insisting that it be in the design,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.44,0:10:44.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it meant you couldn't use much\Nof the structural technology
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.31,0:10:47.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that had been developed for Roman arches.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.29,0:10:50.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, by instead embracing it
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.19,0:10:52.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and rethinking weight and stress distribution,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.77,0:10:55.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they came up with a design that only works
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.26,0:10:57.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if there's a big hole in the roof.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.16,0:11:00.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That done, you now get the aesthetic
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.17,0:11:04.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and design benefits of light, cooling
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.55,0:11:07.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that critical direct connection with the heavens.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.85,0:11:09.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not bad.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.89,0:11:11.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These people not only believed
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.95,0:11:14.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the impossible can be done,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.01,0:11:16.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but that it must be done.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.84,0:11:18.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Enough ancient history.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.94,0:11:22.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What are some recent examples of innovations
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.07,0:11:23.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that combine creative design
Dialogue: 0,0:11:23.95,0:11:27.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and technological advances in a way so profound
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.19,0:11:28.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they will be remembered
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.52,0:11:30.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a thousand years from now?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.35,0:11:33.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, putting a man on the moon was a good one,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.45,0:11:36.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and returning him safely to Earth wasn't bad either.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.47,0:11:38.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Talk about one giant leap:
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.96,0:11:41.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's hard to imagine a more profound moment
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.41,0:11:42.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in human history
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.72,0:11:44.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than when we first left our world
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.89,0:11:46.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to set foot on another.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.78,0:11:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what came after the moon?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.00,0:11:51.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One is tempted to say that today's pantheon
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.81,0:11:53.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the Internet,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.47,0:11:55.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I actually think that's quite wrong,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:55.94,0:11:58.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or at least it's only part of the story.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.80,0:12:01.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Internet isn't a Pantheon.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.31,0:12:03.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's more like the invention of concrete:
Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.90,0:12:06.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,important, absolutely necessary
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.48,0:12:07.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to build the Pantheon,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.92,0:12:09.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and enduring,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:09.27,0:12:12.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but entirely insufficient by itself.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.46,0:12:15.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, just as the technology of concrete
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.40,0:12:18.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was critical in realization of the Pantheon,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.98,0:12:22.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,new designers will use the\Ntechnologies of the Internet
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.20,0:12:25.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to create novel concepts that will endure.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.40,0:12:27.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The smartphone is a perfect example.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:27.46,0:12:29.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Soon the majority of people on the planet
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.20,0:12:30.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will have one,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:30.53,0:12:32.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the idea of connecting everyone
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.94,0:12:36.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to both knowledge and each other will endure.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.18,0:12:37.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what's next?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:37.49,0:12:40.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What imminent advance will be\Nthe equivalent of the Pantheon?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.90,0:12:42.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thinking about this,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.33,0:12:44.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I rejected many very plausible
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.88,0:12:46.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and dramatic breakthroughs to come,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.78,0:12:48.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as curing cancer.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.79,0:12:52.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why? Because Pantheons are anchored
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.13,0:12:55.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in designed physical objects,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.07,0:12:57.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ones that inspire by simply seeing
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.39,0:12:58.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and experiencing them,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.81,0:13:01.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and will continue to do so indefinitely.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:01.69,0:13:06.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is a different kind of language, like art.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:06.26,0:13:09.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These other vital contributions that extend life
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.04,0:13:11.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and relieve suffering are, of course, critical,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:11.73,0:13:13.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and fantastic,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:13.42,0:13:15.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they're part of the continuum of
Dialogue: 0,0:13:15.21,0:13:17.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our overall knowledge and technology,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.72,0:13:20.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like the Internet.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.24,0:13:22.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what is next?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.59,0:13:24.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Perhaps counterintuitively,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.31,0:13:26.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm guessing it's a visionary idea
Dialogue: 0,0:13:26.62,0:13:28.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the late 1930s
Dialogue: 0,0:13:28.47,0:13:31.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's been revived every decade since:
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.63,0:13:33.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,autonomous vehicles.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.65,0:13:35.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now you're thinking, give me a break.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:35.39,0:13:38.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How can a fancy version of cruise control
Dialogue: 0,0:13:38.90,0:13:40.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,be profound?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:40.60,0:13:42.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Look, much of our world
Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.73,0:13:46.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has been designed around \Nroads and transportation.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:46.21,0:13:48.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These were as essential to the success
Dialogue: 0,0:13:48.09,0:13:49.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the Roman Empire
Dialogue: 0,0:13:49.58,0:13:51.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the interstate highway system
Dialogue: 0,0:13:51.57,0:13:53.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the prosperity and development
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.36,0:13:55.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the United States.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:55.57,0:13:58.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, these roads that interconnect our world
Dialogue: 0,0:13:58.61,0:14:00.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are dominated by cars and trucks
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.70,0:14:02.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that have remained largely unchanged
Dialogue: 0,0:14:02.57,0:14:05.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for 100 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:05.14,0:14:08.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Although perhaps not obvious today,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.40,0:14:12.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,autonomous vehicles will be the key technology
Dialogue: 0,0:14:12.99,0:14:16.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that enables us to redesign our cities
Dialogue: 0,0:14:16.09,0:14:18.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, by extension, civilization.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:18.30,0:14:19.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's why:
Dialogue: 0,0:14:19.91,0:14:21.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once they become ubiquitous,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.66,0:14:24.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,each year, these vehicles will save
Dialogue: 0,0:14:24.20,0:14:27.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tens of thousands of lives in the United States alone
Dialogue: 0,0:14:27.30,0:14:30.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a million globally.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:30.43,0:14:33.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Automotive energy consumption and air pollution
Dialogue: 0,0:14:33.33,0:14:35.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will be cut dramatically.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.70,0:14:37.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Much of the road congestion
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.11,0:14:40.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in and out of our cities will disappear.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:40.92,0:14:43.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They will enable compelling new concepts
Dialogue: 0,0:14:43.61,0:14:46.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in how we design cities, work,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:46.08,0:14:48.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the way we live.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:48.01,0:14:50.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We will get where we're going faster
Dialogue: 0,0:14:50.56,0:14:53.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and society will recapture vast amounts
Dialogue: 0,0:14:53.56,0:14:54.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of lost productivity
Dialogue: 0,0:14:54.85,0:14:58.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now spent sitting in traffic basically polluting.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:58.49,0:15:01.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But why now? Why do we think this is ready?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:01.76,0:15:03.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because over the last 30 years,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:03.96,0:15:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people from outside the automotive industry
Dialogue: 0,0:15:06.00,0:15:08.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have spent countless billions
Dialogue: 0,0:15:08.11,0:15:09.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,creating the needed miracles,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:09.85,0:15:12.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but for entirely different purposes.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:12.72,0:15:15.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It took folks like DARPA, universities,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:15.35,0:15:18.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and companies completely\Noutside of the automotive industry
Dialogue: 0,0:15:18.51,0:15:20.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to notice that if you were clever about it,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:20.81,0:15:23.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,autonomy could be done now.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:23.34,0:15:26.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what are the five miracles\Nneeded for autonomous vehicles?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:26.72,0:15:28.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One, you need to know
Dialogue: 0,0:15:28.37,0:15:31.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where you are and exactly what time it is.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:31.10,0:15:33.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was solved neatly by the GPS system,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:33.51,0:15:34.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Global Positioning System,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:34.82,0:15:37.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the U.S. Government put in place.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:37.49,0:15:40.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You need to know where all the roads are,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:40.01,0:15:42.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what the rules are, and where you're going.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:42.91,0:15:45.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The various needs of personal navigation systems,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:45.50,0:15:47.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in-car navigation systems,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:47.25,0:15:50.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and web-based maps address this.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:50.28,0:15:52.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You must have near-continuous communication
Dialogue: 0,0:15:52.91,0:15:54.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with high-performance computing networks
Dialogue: 0,0:15:54.80,0:15:56.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and with others nearby
Dialogue: 0,0:15:56.47,0:15:59.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to understand their intent.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:59.79,0:16:02.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The wireless technologies\Ndeveloped for mobile devices,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:02.90,0:16:04.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with some minor modifications,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:04.69,0:16:07.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are completely suitable to solve this.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:07.65,0:16:10.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You'll probably want some restricted roadways
Dialogue: 0,0:16:10.14,0:16:11.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to get started
Dialogue: 0,0:16:11.33,0:16:13.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that both society and its lawyers
Dialogue: 0,0:16:13.81,0:16:15.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,agree are safe to use for this.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:15.68,0:16:17.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This will start with the HOV lanes
Dialogue: 0,0:16:17.53,0:16:19.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and move from there.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:19.66,0:16:22.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But finally, you need to recognize
Dialogue: 0,0:16:22.21,0:16:24.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people, signs and objects.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:24.32,0:16:27.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Machine vision, special sensors,\Nand high-performance computing
Dialogue: 0,0:16:27.37,0:16:28.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can do a lot of this,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:28.94,0:16:31.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it turns out a lot is not good enough
Dialogue: 0,0:16:31.50,0:16:33.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when your family is on board.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:33.44,0:16:36.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Occasionally, humans will \Nneed to do sense-making.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:36.96,0:16:40.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For this, you might actually have to wake up
Dialogue: 0,0:16:40.57,0:16:42.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your passenger and ask them what the hell
Dialogue: 0,0:16:42.67,0:16:45.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that big lump is in the middle of the road.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:45.49,0:16:47.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not so bad, and it will give us a sense of purpose
Dialogue: 0,0:16:47.83,0:16:49.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in this new world.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:49.68,0:16:52.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Besides, once the first drivers explain
Dialogue: 0,0:16:52.42,0:16:53.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to their confused car
Dialogue: 0,0:16:53.75,0:16:56.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the giant chicken at the fork in the road
Dialogue: 0,0:16:56.42,0:16:57.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is actually a restaurant,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:57.96,0:17:00.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's okay to keep driving,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:00.26,0:17:03.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every other car on the surface of the Earth
Dialogue: 0,0:17:03.68,0:17:06.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will know that from that point on.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:06.60,0:17:08.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Five miracles, mostly delivered,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:08.87,0:17:10.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and now you just need a clear vision
Dialogue: 0,0:17:10.75,0:17:13.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a better world filled with autonomous vehicles
Dialogue: 0,0:17:13.58,0:17:17.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with seductively beautiful \Nand new functional designs
Dialogue: 0,0:17:17.20,0:17:19.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,plus a lot of money and hard work
Dialogue: 0,0:17:19.65,0:17:21.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to bring it home.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:21.25,0:17:24.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The beginning is now only a handful of years away,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:24.27,0:17:26.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I predict that autonomous vehicles
Dialogue: 0,0:17:26.14,0:17:28.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will permanently change our world
Dialogue: 0,0:17:28.21,0:17:32.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over the next several decades.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:32.39,0:17:35.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In conclusion, I've come to believe
Dialogue: 0,0:17:35.04,0:17:37.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the ingredients for the next Pantheons
Dialogue: 0,0:17:37.28,0:17:38.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are all around us,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:38.67,0:17:40.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just waiting for visionary people
Dialogue: 0,0:17:40.86,0:17:42.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the broad knowledge,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:42.59,0:17:44.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,multidisciplinary skills,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:44.20,0:17:46.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and intense passion
Dialogue: 0,0:17:46.07,0:17:51.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to harness them to make their dreams a reality.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:51.15,0:17:53.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But these people don't spontaneously
Dialogue: 0,0:17:53.65,0:17:54.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pop into existence.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:54.99,0:17:56.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They need to be nurtured and encouraged
Dialogue: 0,0:17:56.83,0:17:58.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from when they're little kids.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:58.61,0:18:00.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to love them and help them
Dialogue: 0,0:18:00.47,0:18:02.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,discover their passions.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:02.18,0:18:04.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to encourage them to work hard
Dialogue: 0,0:18:04.40,0:18:06.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and help them understand that failure
Dialogue: 0,0:18:06.84,0:18:09.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a necessary ingredient for success,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:09.71,0:18:11.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as is perseverance.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:11.89,0:18:14.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to help them to find their own role models,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:14.99,0:18:17.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and give them the confidence\Nto believe in themselves
Dialogue: 0,0:18:17.66,0:18:20.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to believe that anything is possible,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:20.44,0:18:23.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and just as my grandpa did when\Nhe took me shopping for surplus,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:23.94,0:18:25.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and just as my parents did
Dialogue: 0,0:18:25.73,0:18:27.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when they took me to science museums,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:27.75,0:18:31.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we need to encourage them to find their own path,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:31.03,0:18:33.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even if it's very different from our own.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:33.69,0:18:35.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But a cautionary note:
Dialogue: 0,0:18:35.10,0:18:37.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We also need to periodically pry them away
Dialogue: 0,0:18:37.53,0:18:38.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from their modern miracles,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:38.100,0:18:40.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the computers, phones, tablets,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:40.97,0:18:42.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,game machines and TVs,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:42.56,0:18:44.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,take them out into the sunlight
Dialogue: 0,0:18:44.81,0:18:46.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so they can experience both the natural
Dialogue: 0,0:18:46.94,0:18:49.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and design wonders of our world,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:49.83,0:18:52.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our planet and our civilization.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:52.08,0:18:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we don't, they won't understand
Dialogue: 0,0:18:55.00,0:18:56.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what these precious things are
Dialogue: 0,0:18:56.88,0:18:59.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that someday they will be resopnsible
Dialogue: 0,0:18:59.48,0:19:01.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for protecting and improving.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:01.76,0:19:03.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We also need them to understand
Dialogue: 0,0:19:03.40,0:19:06.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,something that doesn't seem adequately appreciated
Dialogue: 0,0:19:06.43,0:19:08.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in our increasingly tech-dependent world,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:08.90,0:19:10.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that art and design
Dialogue: 0,0:19:10.58,0:19:12.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are not luxuries,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:12.49,0:19:14.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nor somehow incompatible
Dialogue: 0,0:19:14.32,0:19:16.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with science and engineering.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:16.19,0:19:21.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are in fact essential to what makes us special.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:21.76,0:19:24.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Someday, if you get the chance,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:24.28,0:19:25.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,perhaps you can take your kids
Dialogue: 0,0:19:25.81,0:19:27.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the actual Pantheon,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:27.58,0:19:30.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as we will our daughter Kira,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:30.24,0:19:32.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to experience firsthand
Dialogue: 0,0:19:32.32,0:19:36.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the power of that astonishing design,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:36.58,0:19:40.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which on one otherwise unremarkable day in Rome,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:40.32,0:19:43.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reached 2,000 years into the future
Dialogue: 0,0:19:43.35,0:19:46.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to set the course for my life.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:46.01,0:19:48.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:48.14,0:19:52.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)