[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:01.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What I do is I organize information.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.81,0:00:03.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm a graphic designer.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.57,0:00:06.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Professionally, I try to make sense
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.31,0:00:09.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,often of things that don't\Nmake much sense themselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.94,0:00:14.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So my father might not understand\Nwhat it is that I do for a living.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.08,0:00:16.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His part of my ancestry has been farmers.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.35,0:00:19.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's part of this ethnic minority\Ncalled the Pontic Greeks.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.98,0:00:24.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They lived in Asia Minor\Nand fled to Greece after a genocide
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.42,0:00:25.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about a hundred years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.57,0:00:30.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And ever since that, migration\Nhas somewhat been a theme in my family.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.85,0:00:35.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My father moved to Germany,\Nstudied there and married,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.37,0:00:39.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and as a result, I now have\Nthis half-German brain,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.82,0:00:43.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with all the analytical thinking\Nand that slightly dorky demeanor
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.21,0:00:45.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that come with that.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.21,0:00:48.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And of course it meant\Nthat I was a foreigner in both countries,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.32,0:00:52.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that of course made it pretty easy\Nfor me to migrate as well,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.69,0:00:55.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in good family tradition, if you like.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.67,0:00:58.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But of course, most journeys\Nthat we undertake from day to day
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.02,0:01:00.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are within a city.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.67,0:01:03.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, especially if you know the city,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.47,0:01:07.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,getting from A to B\Nmay seem pretty obvious, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.29,0:01:11.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the question is, why is it obvious?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.64,0:01:13.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do we know where we're going?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.98,0:01:17.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I washed up on a Dublin ferry port\Nabout 12 years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.83,0:01:20.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a professional foreigner, if you like,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.25,0:01:23.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'm sure you've all had\Nthis experience before, yeah?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.37,0:01:25.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You arrive in a new city,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.49,0:01:29.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and your brain is trying\Nto make sense of this new place.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.48,0:01:32.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once you find your base, your home,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.88,0:01:37.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you start to build this cognitive map\Nof your environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.34,0:01:41.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's essentially this virtual map\Nthat only exists in your brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.26,0:01:43.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All animal species do it,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.04,0:01:46.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even though we all use\Nslightly different tools.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.04,0:01:52.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Us humans, of course, we don't move around\Nmarking our territory by scent, like dogs.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.09,0:01:57.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't run around emitting\Nultrasonic squeaks, like bats.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.61,0:01:59.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We just don't do that,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.63,0:02:02.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,although a night in the Temple Bar\Ndistrict can get pretty wild.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.90,0:02:04.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.27,0:02:08.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No, we do two important things\Nto make a place our own.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.21,0:02:11.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First, we move along linear routes.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.28,0:02:13.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Typically, we find a main street,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.78,0:02:17.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this main street becomes\Na linear strip map in our minds.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.37,0:02:19.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But our mind keeps it pretty simple, yeah?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.62,0:02:22.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every street is generally perceived\Nas a straight line,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.100,0:02:26.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we kind of ignore the little twists\Nand turns that the streets make.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.11,0:02:29.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we do, however,\Nmake a turn into a side street,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.58,0:02:34.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our mind tends to adjust that turn\Nto a 90-degree angle.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.90,0:02:37.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This of course makes for\Nsome funny moments
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.62,0:02:39.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you're in some old city layout
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.97,0:02:44.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that follows some sort\Nof circular city logic, yeah?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.99,0:02:47.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe you've had that experience as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.10,0:02:50.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's say you're on some spot\Non a side street
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.22,0:02:52.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that projects from a main\Ncathedral square,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.58,0:02:56.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you want to get to another point\Non a side street just like that.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.31,0:03:01.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The cognitive map\Nin your mind may tell you,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.28,0:03:04.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Aris, go back to the main\Ncathedral square,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.70,0:03:08.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,take a 90-degree turn\Nand walk down that other side street."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.44,0:03:12.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But somehow you feel adventurous that day,\Nand you suddenly discover
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.90,0:03:17.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the two spots were actually\Nonly a single building apart.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.78,0:03:19.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I don't know about you,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.14,0:03:21.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I always feel\Nlike I find this wormhole
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.29,0:03:24.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or this inter-dimensional portal.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.08,0:03:25.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.38,0:03:28.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we move along linear routes
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.91,0:03:34.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and our mind straightens streets\Nand perceives turns as 90-degree angles.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.96,0:03:37.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The second thing that we do\Nto make a place our own
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.93,0:03:42.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is we attach meaning\Nand emotions to the things
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.12,0:03:44.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we see along those lines.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.00,0:03:50.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you go to the Irish countryside\Nand you ask an old lady for directions,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.90,0:03:54.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,brace yourself for some\Nelaborate Irish storytelling
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.81,0:03:56.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about all the landmarks, yeah?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.79,0:04:00.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She'll tell you the pub\Nwhere her sister used to work,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.06,0:04:03.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and "... go past that church\Nwhere I got married," that kind of thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.46,0:04:07.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we fill our cognitive maps\Nwith these markers of meaning.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.04,0:04:13.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's more, we abstract\Nrepeat patterns and recognize them.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.69,0:04:19.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We recognize them by the experiences\Nand we abstract them into symbols.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.64,0:04:24.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And of course, we're all capable\Nof understanding these symbols.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.70,0:04:25.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.76,0:04:30.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's more, we're all capable\Nof understanding the cognitive maps,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.27,0:04:35.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you are all capable of creating\Nthese cognitive maps yourselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.01,0:04:39.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So next time, when you want to tell\Nyour friend how to get to your place,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.62,0:04:44.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you grab a beermat, grab a napkin,\Nand you just observe yourself
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.42,0:04:48.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,create this awesome piece\Nof communication design.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.81,0:04:50.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's got straight lines.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.24,0:04:52.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's got 90-degree corners.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.75,0:04:54.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You might add little symbols\Nalong the way.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.87,0:04:58.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when you look\Nat what you've just drawn,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.01,0:05:03.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you realize it does not\Nresemble a street map.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.58,0:05:07.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you were to put an actual street map\Non top of what you've just drawn,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.87,0:05:12.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you'd realize your streets\Nand the distances -- they'd be way off.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.22,0:05:18.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No, what you've just drawn\Nis more like a diagram or a schematic.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.86,0:05:23.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a visual construct\Nof lines, dots, letters,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.83,0:05:26.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,designed in the language of our brains.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.72,0:05:28.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's no big surprise
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.60,0:05:33.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the big information-design icon\Nof the last century --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.58,0:05:37.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the pinnacle of showing everybody\Nhow to get from A to B,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.94,0:05:39.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the London Underground map --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.98,0:05:44.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was not designed by a cartographer\Nor a city planner;
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.32,0:05:47.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was designed\Nby an engineering draftsman.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.71,0:05:50.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the 1930s,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.45,0:05:56.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Harry Beck applied the principles\Nof schematic diagram design
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.62,0:06:00.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and changed the way public transport\Nmaps are designed forever.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.27,0:06:04.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now the very key\Nto the success of this map
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.99,0:06:09.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is in the omission\Nof less important information
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.07,0:06:11.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in the extreme simplification.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.79,0:06:15.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, straightened streets,\Ncorners of 90 and 45 degrees,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.75,0:06:21.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also the extreme geographic\Ndistortion in that map.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.90,0:06:25.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you were to look at the actual\Nlocations of these stations,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.83,0:06:27.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you'd see they're very different.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.49,0:06:32.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this is all for the clarity\Nof the public Tube map.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.08,0:06:36.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you, say, wanted to get\Nfrom Regent's Park station
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.25,0:06:37.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to Great Portland Street,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.90,0:06:39.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Tube map would tell you:
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.76,0:06:44.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,take the Tube, go to Baker Street,\Nchange over, take another Tube.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.39,0:06:48.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course, what you don't know\Nis that the two stations
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.31,0:06:50.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are only about a hundred meters apart.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.88,0:06:53.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now we've reached the subject\Nof public transport,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.79,0:06:56.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and public transport here in Dublin
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.86,0:06:58.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a somewhat touchy subject.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.87,0:07:01.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.17,0:07:04.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For everybody who does not know\Nthe public transport here in Dublin,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.41,0:07:09.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,essentially, we have this system\Nof local buses that grew with the city.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.38,0:07:12.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For every outskirt that was added,\Nthere was another bus route added,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.02,0:07:16.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,running from the outskirt\Nall the way to the city center.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.97,0:07:21.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as these local buses\Napproach the city center,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.96,0:07:26.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they all run side by side and converge\Nin pretty much one main street.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.54,0:07:31.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when I stepped off\Nthe boat 12 years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.47,0:07:34.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I tried to make sense of that.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.56,0:07:39.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because exploring a city on foot\Nonly gets you so far.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.97,0:07:45.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when you explore a foreign\Nand new public transport system,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.33,0:07:49.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you will build a cognitive map\Nin your mind in pretty much the same way.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.10,0:07:55.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Typically, you choose yourself\Na rapid transport route,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.86,0:07:59.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in your mind, this route\Nis perceived as a straight line.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.30,0:08:01.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And like a pearl necklace,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.97,0:08:06.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the stations and stops are nicely\Nand neatly aligned along the line.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.59,0:08:13.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And only then you start to discover\Nsome local bus routes
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.27,0:08:14.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that would fill in the gaps,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.01,0:08:19.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that allow for those wormhole,\Ninter-dimensional portal shortcuts.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.69,0:08:25.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I tried to make sense,\Nand when I arrived,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.10,0:08:27.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was looking for some\Ninformation leaflets
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.67,0:08:31.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that would help me crack this system\Nand understand it,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.21,0:08:32.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I found those brochures.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.37,0:08:37.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.47,0:08:40.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were not geographically distorted.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.84,0:08:44.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They had a lot of omission of information,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.85,0:08:47.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but unfortunately, the wrong information.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.24,0:08:48.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Say, in the city center --
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.01,0:08:52.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there were never actually any lines\Nthat showed the routes.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.26,0:08:53.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.43,0:08:58.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are actually not even\Nany stations with names.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.20,0:08:59.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.48,0:09:05.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, the maps of Dublin transport\Nhave gotten better,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.12,0:09:10.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and after I finished the project,\Nthey got a good bit better,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.31,0:09:12.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but still no station names,\Nstill no routes.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.38,0:09:19.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, being naive,\Nand being half-German, I decided,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.51,0:09:22.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Aris, why don't you build your own map?"
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.61,0:09:23.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's what I did.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.95,0:09:29.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I researched how each and every bus route\Nmoved through the city, nice and logical,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.96,0:09:31.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every bus route a separate line.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.68,0:09:36.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I plotted it into my own map of Dublin,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.06,0:09:38.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in the city center ...
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.67,0:09:40.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I got a nice spaghetti plate.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.32,0:09:42.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.88,0:09:45.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, this is a bit of a mess,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.95,0:09:48.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I decided, of course,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.12,0:09:51.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"You're going to apply\Nthe rules of schematic design,"
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.70,0:09:53.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cleaning up the corridors,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.59,0:09:56.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,widening the streets\Nwhere there were loads of buses
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.37,0:10:01.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and making the streets at straight,\N90-degree corners, 45-degree corners
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.18,0:10:02.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or fractions of that,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.63,0:10:05.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and filled it in with the bus routes.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.64,0:10:08.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I built this city center\Nbus map of the system,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.96,0:10:10.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how it was five years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.35,0:10:13.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll zoom in again\Nso that you get the full impact
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.74,0:10:16.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the quays and Westmoreland Street.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.09,0:10:18.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.78,0:10:20.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now I can proudly say --
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.79,0:10:27.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.14,0:10:31.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can proudly say,\Nas a public transport map,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.35,0:10:35.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this diagram is an utter failure.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.30,0:10:37.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.22,0:10:39.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Except, probably, in one aspect:
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.27,0:10:41.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I now had a great visual representation
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.93,0:10:45.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of just how clogged up and overrun\Nthe city center really was.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.52,0:10:49.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, call me old-fashioned,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.17,0:10:52.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I think a public transport\Nroute map should have lines,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.68,0:10:54.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because that's what they are, yeah?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.80,0:10:58.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're little pieces of string\Nthat wrap their way
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.04,0:11:00.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through the city center\Nor through the city.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.74,0:11:06.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you will, the Greek guy inside of me\Nfeels if I don't get a line,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.25,0:11:09.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's like entering\Nthe labyrinth of the Minotaur
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.35,0:11:12.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without having Ariadne giving you\Nthe string to find your way.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.64,0:11:16.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the outcome of my academic research,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.60,0:11:23.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,loads of questionnaires, case studies\Nand looking at a lot of maps,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:23.40,0:11:25.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was that a lot of the problems\Nand shortcomings
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.84,0:11:28.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the public transport\Nsystem here in Dublin
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.18,0:11:30.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was the lack of a coherent\Npublic transport map --
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.61,0:11:33.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a simplified, coherent\Npublic transport map --
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.35,0:11:36.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I think this is the crucial\Nstep to understanding
Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.79,0:11:39.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a public transport network\Non a physical level,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.01,0:11:44.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's also the crucial step to make\Na public transport network mappable
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.33,0:11:45.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on a visual level.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.34,0:11:50.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I teamed up with a gentleman\Ncalled James Leahy,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.27,0:11:53.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a civil engineer and a recent\Nmaster's graduate
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.61,0:11:56.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the Sustainable Development\Nprogram at DIT,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.94,0:12:01.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and together we drafted\Nthe simplified model network,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.27,0:12:04.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which I could then go ahead and visualize.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.57,0:12:06.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So here's what we did.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.63,0:12:12.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We distributed these rapid-transport\Ncorridors throughout the city center,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.94,0:12:15.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and extended them into the outskirts.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.84,0:12:22.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rapid, because we wanted them to be served\Nby rapid-transport vehicles.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.06,0:12:25.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They would get exclusive\Nroad use, where possible,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.99,0:12:28.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it would be high-quantity,\Nhigh-quality transport.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.57,0:12:31.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,James wanted to use\Nbus rapid transport for that,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.27,0:12:32.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rather than light rail.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.72,0:12:34.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For me, it was important
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.88,0:12:39.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the vehicles that would run\Non those rapid transport corridors
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.30,0:12:43.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would be visibly distinguishable\Nfrom local buses on the street.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.71,0:12:47.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now we could take out all the local buses
Dialogue: 0,0:12:47.78,0:12:50.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that ran alongside\Nthose rapid transport means.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.88,0:12:54.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Any gaps that appeared\Nin the outskirts were filled again.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.39,0:12:57.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, in other words,\Nif there was a street in an outskirt
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.63,0:13:00.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where there had been a bus,\Nwe put a bus back in,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.72,0:13:05.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only now these buses wouldn't run\Nall the way to the city center,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.17,0:13:08.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but connect to the nearest\Nrapid-transport mode,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.74,0:13:10.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of these thick lines over there.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.92,0:13:14.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the rest was merely\Na couple of months of work,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:14.09,0:13:16.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a couple of fights with my girlfriend,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:16.21,0:13:20.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of our place constantly\Nbeing clogged up with maps,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.19,0:13:22.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the outcome, one of the outcomes,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.20,0:13:25.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was this map of the Greater Dublin area.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.46,0:13:27.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll zoom in a little bit.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:28.55,0:13:32.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This map only shows the rapid\Ntransport connections, no local bus,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:32.62,0:13:37.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very much in the "metro map" style\Nthat was so successful in London,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.89,0:13:42.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that since has been exported\Nto so many other major cities,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.19,0:13:44.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and therefore is the language\Nthat we should use
Dialogue: 0,0:13:44.99,0:13:47.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for public transport maps.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.86,0:13:53.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's also important is,\Nwith a simplified network like this,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.40,0:13:58.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it now would become possible for me\Nto tackle the ultimate challenge
Dialogue: 0,0:13:58.91,0:14:02.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and make a public transport map\Nfor the city center,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:02.50,0:14:05.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one where I wouldn't just show\Nrapid transport connections,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:05.62,0:14:09.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also all the local bus routes,\Nstreets and the likes,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:09.12,0:14:11.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is what a map\Nlike this could look like.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:11.46,0:14:13.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll zoom in a little bit.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:15.93,0:14:20.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this map, I'm including\Neach transport mode,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:20.99,0:14:25.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so rapid transport, bus,\NDART, tram and the likes.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:26.20,0:14:31.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each individual route\Nis represented by a separate line.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:33.23,0:14:37.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The map shows each and every station,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.41,0:14:40.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,each and every station name,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:40.74,0:14:44.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'm also displaying side streets.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:45.52,0:14:48.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, most of the side streets\Neven with their name,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:49.02,0:14:53.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for good measure,\Nalso a couple of landmarks,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:53.97,0:14:56.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of them signified by little symbols,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:56.17,0:14:59.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,others by these isometric\Nthree-dimensional
Dialogue: 0,0:14:59.28,0:15:01.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bird's-eye-view drawings.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:01.30,0:15:03.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The map is relatively small\Nin overall size,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:03.96,0:15:07.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so something that you could\Nstill hold as a fold-out map
Dialogue: 0,0:15:07.13,0:15:10.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or display in a reasonably-sized\Ndisplay box on a bus shelter.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:10.81,0:15:15.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think it tries to be the best balance
Dialogue: 0,0:15:15.48,0:15:18.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between actual representation\Nand simplification --
Dialogue: 0,0:15:18.83,0:15:23.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the language of way-finding in our brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:24.00,0:15:27.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, straightened lines,\Ncleaned-up corners,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:27.56,0:15:31.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and of course, that very, very\Nimportant geographic distortion
Dialogue: 0,0:15:31.24,0:15:34.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that makes public transport maps possible.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:34.79,0:15:37.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you, for example, have a look\Nat the two main corridors
Dialogue: 0,0:15:37.56,0:15:40.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that run through the city --\Nthe yellow and orange one over here --
Dialogue: 0,0:15:40.85,0:15:44.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is how they look in an actual,\Naccurate street map,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:44.45,0:15:48.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is how they would\Nlook in my distorted,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:48.46,0:15:50.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,simplified public transport map.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:51.42,0:15:54.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So for a successful public transport map,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:54.34,0:15:57.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we should not stick\Nto accurate representation,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:57.12,0:15:59.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but design them in the way\Nour brains work.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:59.50,0:16:02.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The reactions I got were tremendous,\Nit was really good to see.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:02.80,0:16:06.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And of course, for my own self,\NI was very happy to see
Dialogue: 0,0:16:06.52,0:16:09.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that my folks in Germany and Greece\Nfinally have an idea
Dialogue: 0,0:16:09.94,0:16:11.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what I do for a living.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:11.14,0:16:12.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:16:12.17,0:16:13.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:13.34,0:16:15.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)