[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:03.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What I do is I organize information. I'm a graphic designer.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.22,0:00:05.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Professionally, I try to make sense
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.96,0:00:09.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,often of things that don't make much sense themselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.80,0:00:12.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So my father might not understand what it is
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.04,0:00:13.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I do for a living.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.73,0:00:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His part of my ancestry has been farmers.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.00,0:00:19.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's part of this ethnic minority called the Pontic Greeks.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.13,0:00:23.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They lived in Asia Minor, and fled to Greece
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.51,0:00:25.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after a genocide about a hundred years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.98,0:00:28.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and ever since that, migration has somewhat been
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.91,0:00:30.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a theme in my family.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.50,0:00:34.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My father moved to Germany, studied there, and married,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.94,0:00:39.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and as a result, I now have this half-German brain
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.21,0:00:41.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with all the analytical thinking
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.48,0:00:44.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that slight dorky demeanor that comes with that.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.86,0:00:47.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And of course it meant that I was a foreigner in both countries,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.97,0:00:50.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that of course made it pretty easy for me
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.51,0:00:55.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to migrate as well, in good family tradition, if you like.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.38,0:00:57.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But of course, most journeys that we undertake
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.72,0:01:01.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from day to day are within a city, and especially
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.36,0:01:04.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you know the city, getting from A to B
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.36,0:01:07.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,may seem pretty obvious, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.78,0:01:11.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the question is, why is it obvious?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.53,0:01:14.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do we know where we're going?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.06,0:01:16.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I washed up on a Dublin ferry port
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.24,0:01:19.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about 12 years ago, a professional foreigner, if you like,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.90,0:01:23.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'm sure you've all had this experience before, yeah?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.39,0:01:27.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You arrive in a new city, and your brain is trying
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.11,0:01:29.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make sense of this new place.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.48,0:01:32.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once you find your base, your home,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.54,0:01:37.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you start to built this cognitive map of your environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.14,0:01:39.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's essentially this virtual map that only exists
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.94,0:01:42.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in your brain. All animal species do it,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.91,0:01:45.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even though we all use slightly different tools.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.95,0:01:48.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Us humans, of course, we don't move around
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.72,0:01:51.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,marking our territory by scent, like dogs.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.90,0:01:57.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't run around emitting ultrasonic squeaks, like bats.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.47,0:01:58.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We just don't do that,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.99,0:02:04.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,although a night in the Temple Bar district can get pretty wild. (Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.21,0:02:08.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No, we do two important things to make a place our own.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.08,0:02:10.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First, we move along linear routes.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.93,0:02:14.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Typically we find a main street, and this main street
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.46,0:02:17.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,becomes a linear strip map in our minds.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.22,0:02:19.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But our mind keeps it pretty simple, yeah?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.62,0:02:22.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every street is generally perceived as a straight line,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.75,0:02:27.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we kind of ignore the little twists and turns that the streets make.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.04,0:02:29.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we do, however, make a turn into a side street,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.59,0:02:34.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our mind tends to adjust that turn to a 90-degree angle.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.30,0:02:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This of course makes for some funny moments
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.00,0:02:41.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you're in some old city layout that follows some sort of
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.51,0:02:44.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,circular city logic, yeah?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.64,0:02:46.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe you've had that experience as well, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.49,0:02:49.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's say you're on some spot on a side street that projects
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.76,0:02:53.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from a main cathedral square, and you want to get to
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.38,0:02:57.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,another point on a side street just like that.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.03,0:03:02.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The cognitive map in your mind may tell you, "Aris,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.25,0:03:04.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,go back to the main cathedral square, take
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.96,0:03:08.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a 90-degree turn, and walk down that other side street."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.04,0:03:10.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But somehow you feel adventurous that day,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.32,0:03:14.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you suddenly discover that the two spots
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.92,0:03:17.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were actually only a single building apart.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.78,0:03:20.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I don't know about you, but I always feel like I find
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.12,0:03:24.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this wormhole or this inter-dimensional portal.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.79,0:03:28.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we move along linear routes
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.03,0:03:33.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and our mind straightens streets and perceives turns
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.03,0:03:34.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as 90-degree angles.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.61,0:03:37.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The second thing that we do to make a place our own
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.46,0:03:41.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is we attach meaning and emotions to the things
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.96,0:03:44.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we see along those lines.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.57,0:03:48.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you go to the Irish countryside, and you ask an old lady
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.91,0:03:52.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for directions, brace yourself for some elaborate
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.83,0:03:56.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Irish storytelling about all the landmarks. Yeah?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.79,0:04:00.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She'll tell you the pub where her sister used to work,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.02,0:04:03.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and go past the church where I got married, that kind of thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.31,0:04:07.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we fill our cognitive maps with these markers of meaning.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.48,0:04:10.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's more, we abstract,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.66,0:04:13.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,repeat patterns, and recognize them.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.34,0:04:16.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We recognize them by the experiences,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.47,0:04:19.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we abstract them into symbols.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.38,0:04:22.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And of course, we are all capable
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.28,0:04:25.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of understanding these symbols. (Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.26,0:04:28.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's more, we're all capable of understanding
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.52,0:04:32.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the cognitive maps, and you are all capable
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.36,0:04:35.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of creating these cognitive maps yourselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.96,0:04:38.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So next time, when you want to tell your friend how to get to your place,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.89,0:04:41.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you grab a beermat, grab a napkin,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.79,0:04:46.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you just observe yourself create this awesome piece
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.32,0:04:50.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of communication design. It's got straight lines.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.07,0:04:52.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's got 90 degree corners.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.53,0:04:54.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You might add little symbols along the way.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.63,0:04:58.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when you look at what you've just drawn,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.31,0:05:03.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you realize it does not resemble a street map.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.51,0:05:05.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you were to put an actual street map
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.82,0:05:09.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on top of what you've just drawn, you'd realize your streets
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.40,0:05:12.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the distances, they'd be way off.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.87,0:05:14.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No, what you've just drawn
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.76,0:05:18.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is more like a diagram or a schematic.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.86,0:05:23.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a visual construct of lines, dots, letters,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.28,0:05:26.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,designed in the language of our brains.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.37,0:05:31.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's no big surprise that the big information design icon
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.42,0:05:36.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the last century, the pinnacle of showing everybody
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.13,0:05:39.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how to get from A to B, the London Underground map,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.62,0:05:44.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was not designed by a cartographer or a city planner.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.39,0:05:48.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was designed by an engineering draftsman.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.62,0:05:52.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the 1930s, Harry Beck applied the principles of
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.65,0:05:56.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,schematic diagram design, and changed
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.90,0:06:01.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the way public transport maps are designed forever.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.09,0:06:04.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now the very key to the success of this map
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.64,0:06:08.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is in the omission of less important information
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.95,0:06:11.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in the extreme simplification.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.44,0:06:15.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So straightened streets, corners of 90 and 45 degrees,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.72,0:06:21.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also the extreme geographic distortion in that map.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.55,0:06:25.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you were to look at the actual locations of these stations,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.82,0:06:28.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you'd see they're very different. Yeah?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.45,0:06:32.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this is all for the clarity of the public tube map.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.87,0:06:36.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yeah? If you, say, wanted to get from Regent's Park Station
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.09,0:06:39.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to Great Portland Street, the tube map would tell you,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.41,0:06:44.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,take the tube, go to Baker Street, change over, take another tube.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.30,0:06:47.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course, what you don't know is that the two stations
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.66,0:06:50.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are only about a hundred meters apart.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.74,0:06:53.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now we've reached the subject of public transport,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.86,0:06:56.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and public transport here in Dublin
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.38,0:07:00.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a somewhat touchy subject. (Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.66,0:07:04.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For everybody who does not know the public transport here in Dublin,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.15,0:07:07.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,essentially we have this system of local buses
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.06,0:07:10.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that grew with the city. For every outskirt that was added,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.83,0:07:13.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there was another bus route added running
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.14,0:07:17.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the outskirt all the way to the city center,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.11,0:07:21.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and as these local buses approach the city center,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.79,0:07:24.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they all run side by side, and converge in pretty much
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.71,0:07:27.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one main street.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.65,0:07:30.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when I stepped off the boat 12 years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.78,0:07:34.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I tried to make sense of that,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.43,0:07:39.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because exploring a city on foot only gets you so far.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.90,0:07:44.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when you explore a foreign and new public transport system,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.65,0:07:47.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you will build a cognitive map in your mind
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.75,0:07:50.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in pretty much the same way.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.75,0:07:55.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Typically, you choose yourself a rapid transport route,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.87,0:07:59.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in your mind this route is perceived as a straight line,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.94,0:08:02.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and like a pearl necklace, all the stations and stops
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.97,0:08:07.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are nicely and neatly aligned along the line,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.24,0:08:12.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and only then you start to discover some local bus routes
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.21,0:08:16.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that would fill in the gaps and that allow you for those
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.53,0:08:21.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wormhole, inter-dimensional portal shortcuts.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.10,0:08:24.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I tried to make sense, and when I arrived,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.75,0:08:28.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was looking for some information leaflets that would
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.04,0:08:31.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,help me crack this system and understand it,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.15,0:08:36.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I found those brochures. (Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.99,0:08:40.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were not geographically distorted.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.49,0:08:44.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were having a lot of omission of information,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.78,0:08:48.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but unfortunately the wrong information, say, in the city center.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.87,0:08:53.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There were never actually any lines that showed the routes.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.50,0:08:59.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are actually not even any stations with names.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.46,0:09:03.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now the maps of Dublin transport, have gotten better,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.65,0:09:10.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and after I finished the project, they got a good bit better,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.36,0:09:13.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but still no station names, still no routes.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.52,0:09:19.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, being naive, and being half-German, I decided,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.49,0:09:21.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Aris, why don't you build your own map?"
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.99,0:09:24.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's what I did. I researched how each
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.76,0:09:28.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and every bus route moved through the city,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.07,0:09:32.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nice and logical, every bus route a separate line,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.06,0:09:35.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I plotted it into my own map of Dublin,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.14,0:09:37.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in the city center,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.90,0:09:42.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I got a nice spaghetti plate. (Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.04,0:09:47.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now this is a bit of a mess, so I decided, of course,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.95,0:09:51.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're going to apply the rules of schematic design,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.68,0:09:54.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cleaning up the corridors, widening the streets
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.33,0:09:57.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where there were loads of buses, and making the streets
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.85,0:10:02.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at straight, 90-degree corners, 45-degree corners, or fractions of that,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.39,0:10:07.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and filled it in with the bus routes. And I built this city center
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.21,0:10:11.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bus map of the system, how it was five years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.54,0:10:14.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll zoom in again so that you get the full impact of
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.03,0:10:18.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the quays and Westmoreland Street. (Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.38,0:10:26.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now I can proudly say — (Applause) —
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.79,0:10:31.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can proudly say, as a public transport map,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.08,0:10:36.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this diagram is an utter failure — (Laughter) —
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.86,0:10:38.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,except probably in one aspect:
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.92,0:10:41.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I now had a great visual representation
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.98,0:10:46.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of just how clogged up and overrun the city center really was.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.16,0:10:49.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now call me old-fashioned, right, but I think
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.10,0:10:52.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a public transport route map should have lines,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.53,0:10:54.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because that's what they are. Yeah?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.30,0:10:57.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're little pieces of string that wrap their way
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.92,0:11:00.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through the city center, or through the city.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.68,0:11:04.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you will, the Greek guy inside of me feels, if I don't
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.57,0:11:09.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,get a line, it's like entering the Labyrinth of the Minotaur
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.10,0:11:12.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without having Ariadne giving you the string to find your way.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.28,0:11:16.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the outcome of my academic research,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.39,0:11:19.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,loads of questionnaires, case studies,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.90,0:11:24.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and looking at a lot of maps, was that a lot of the problems
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.94,0:11:28.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and shortcomings of the public transport system here in Dublin
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.02,0:11:30.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was the lack of a coherent public transport map --
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.73,0:11:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a simplified, coherent public transport map --
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.00,0:11:36.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I think this is the crucial step to understanding
Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.44,0:11:39.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a public transport network on a physical level,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.94,0:11:42.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's also the crucial step to make
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.40,0:11:46.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a public transport network mappable on a visual level.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.16,0:11:49.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I teamed up with a gentleman called James Leahy,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.80,0:11:53.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a civil engineer and a recent Master's graduate of
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.43,0:11:56.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Sustainable Development Program at DIT,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.99,0:12:00.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and together we drafted this simplified model network
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.92,0:12:04.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which I could then go ahead and visualize.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.36,0:12:06.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So here's what we did.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.47,0:12:11.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We distributed these rapid transport corridors
Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.16,0:12:15.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,throughout the city center, and extended them into the outskirts.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.80,0:12:18.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rapid, because we wanted them to be served
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.54,0:12:21.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by rapid transport vehicles, yeah?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.97,0:12:24.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They would get exclusive road use, where possible,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.91,0:12:28.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it would be high-quantity, high-quality transport.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.44,0:12:31.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,James wanted to use bus rapid transport for that,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.34,0:12:34.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rather than light rail. For me, it was important
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.37,0:12:38.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the vehicles that would run on those rapid transport corridors
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.46,0:12:44.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would be visibly distinguishable from local buses on the street.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.51,0:12:47.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now we could take out all the local buses
Dialogue: 0,0:12:47.75,0:12:50.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that ran alongside those rapid transport means.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.96,0:12:54.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Any gaps that appeared in the outskirts were filled again.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.46,0:12:57.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, in other words, if there was a street in an outskirt
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.62,0:13:00.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where there had been a bus, we put a bus back in,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.58,0:13:05.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only now these buses wouldn't run all the way to the city center
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.14,0:13:08.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but connect to the nearest rapid transport mode,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.63,0:13:10.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of these thick lines over there.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.57,0:13:13.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the rest was merely a couple of months of work,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:13.96,0:13:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a couple of fights with my girlfriend of our place
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.00,0:13:20.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,constantly being clogged up with maps,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.29,0:13:22.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the outcome, one of the outcomes, was this map
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.89,0:13:28.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the Greater Dublin Area. I'll zoom in a little bit.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:28.01,0:13:31.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This map only shows the rapid transport connections,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.58,0:13:34.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no local bus, very much in the Metro map style
Dialogue: 0,0:13:34.87,0:13:38.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was so successful in London, and that since
Dialogue: 0,0:13:38.81,0:13:42.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has been exported to so many other major cities,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.15,0:13:44.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and therefore is the language that we should use
Dialogue: 0,0:13:44.64,0:13:47.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for public transport maps.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.51,0:13:52.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's also important is, with a simplified network like this,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.82,0:13:55.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it now would become possible for me
Dialogue: 0,0:13:55.52,0:13:58.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to tackle the ultimate challenge,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:58.73,0:14:02.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and make a public transport map for the city center,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:02.24,0:14:05.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one where it wouldn't just show rapid transport connections
Dialogue: 0,0:14:05.52,0:14:09.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also all the local bus routes, streets and the likes,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:09.08,0:14:11.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is what a map like this could like.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:11.25,0:14:14.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll zoom in a little bit.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.65,0:14:20.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this map, I'm including each transport mode,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:20.88,0:14:26.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so rapid transport, bus, DART, tram and the likes.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:26.11,0:14:32.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each individual route is represented by a separate line.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:32.43,0:14:37.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The map shows each and every station,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.30,0:14:40.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,each and every station name,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:40.39,0:14:45.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'm also displaying side streets,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:45.08,0:14:49.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in fact, most of the side streets even with their name,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:49.07,0:14:53.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for good measure, also a couple of landmarks,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:53.38,0:14:56.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of them signified by little symbols,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:56.19,0:14:59.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,others by these isometric three-dimensional
Dialogue: 0,0:14:59.31,0:15:00.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bird's-eye-view drawings.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:00.88,0:15:04.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The map is relatively small in overall size,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:04.07,0:15:07.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so something that you could still hold as a fold-out map,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:07.12,0:15:10.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or display in a reasonably-sized display box on a bus shelter.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:10.82,0:15:15.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think it tries to be the best balance
Dialogue: 0,0:15:15.32,0:15:18.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between actual representation
Dialogue: 0,0:15:18.48,0:15:24.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and simplification, the language of way-finding in our brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:24.07,0:15:27.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So straightened lines, cleaned-up corners,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:27.52,0:15:29.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, of course, that very, very important
Dialogue: 0,0:15:29.47,0:15:34.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,geographic distortion that makes public transport maps possible.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:34.65,0:15:36.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you, for example, have a look at the two main
Dialogue: 0,0:15:36.61,0:15:38.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,corridors that run through the city,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:38.96,0:15:41.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the yellow and orange one over here, this is how
Dialogue: 0,0:15:41.10,0:15:44.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they look in an actual, accurate street map,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:44.43,0:15:48.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is how they would look in my distorted,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:48.11,0:15:51.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,simplified public transport map.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:51.37,0:15:54.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So for a successful public transport map,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:54.51,0:15:56.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we should not stick to accurate representation,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:56.50,0:15:59.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but design them in the way our brains work.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:59.32,0:16:02.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The reactions I got were tremendous. It was really good to see.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:02.54,0:16:06.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And of course, for my own self, I was very happy to see
Dialogue: 0,0:16:06.17,0:16:09.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that my folks in Germany and Greece finally have an idea
Dialogue: 0,0:16:09.59,0:16:15.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what I do for a living. (Laughter) Thank you. (Applause)