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(Chapel of St. Lawrence)

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Welcome to Rome. We are now in Basilica San Lorenzo in Lucina.

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Emperor Valerian who reigned from 253 to 259 persecuted Christians

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And put to death several of them. One of them was San Lorenzo - "Lawrence" in English

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Here is he being sentenced to death

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and he suffered a very grim death

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you see it here in this other painting

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he is being roasted like a hamburger on a gridiron

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You see the gridiron there in the heavens.

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Lawrence is holding it - symbol of his passion

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You also have it here - inside the box below the altar.

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We are now going out of the Basilica San Lorenzo in Lucina

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That street over there is Via Frattina

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which leads to the famous McDonalds at Piazza di Spagna

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And speaking about hamburgers

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we are going to speak more about Saint Lawrence

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who was roasted like a hamburger

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We are going to see an important inscription where the cult of Lawrence is attested

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According to some historians Lawrence was not actually roasted

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An ancient source gives "assus est" "he was roasted"

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According to a modern historian we have here a scribal error for "passus est" "he suffered."

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In any case, this inscription attests the cult of Lawrence as believed during the Middle ages.

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This inscription is from 1130.

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This inscription was made during the "Dopmini" - corresponding to "Domini" in Classical Latin, i.e. "Lord"

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"Pape" corresponds to the classical "Papae" singular genitive.

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"During the Lord Pope Anacletus II."

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"PRIMO ANNO" "During his first year"

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Then you have the word "vero" "truly" but you can eliminate it in a translation. It separates this from the preceding phrase

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It was made during "indictio" - a period of 15 years to count taxes.

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You have the same word in this other inscription "indictione" - ablative from "indictio"

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It was the eighth year of "indictio"

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"In the month of May"

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"MADIO" is "Maius" in classical Latin

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"Maggio" in modern Italian

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"25th day." In the word "quinta" "fifth" you have a ligature (binding multiple letters)

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The subject is over here: "This church"

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"was dedicated."

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The phrase ends there.

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The subject of the next phrase is:

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"CORPORA SANTORUM MARTYRUM"

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"Bodies of holy martyrs"

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This is a list or an inventory of things inside the church

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"These bodies of holy martyrs were put back (i.e. buried) by the hands of the same pope" i.e. Anacletus II

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"(to be venerated) on the main altar"

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Then there is an inventory of things inside the church

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A "vestis" "clothing"

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"of Saint Sixtus who was both martyr and pope"

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"Sixtus" is "Sisto" in modern Italian

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The name means that he was the "sixth" pope after Peter, the apostle of Christ

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The inventory continues

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with "two ampoules"

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"of glass"

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"containing blood and grease"

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"ADIPE" means "grease" or "body fat"

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These liquids came from the "Most holy and glorious martyr St. Lawrence"

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Then you have an ornament here but theologically speaking the preceding genitives belongs also to the next phrase

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because it relates to the cult of Lawrence

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"FURCULA" is a "small fork"

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"CRATICULE" in English with "G" "Graticule" "grid" or rather a "gridiron" or "grill" - almost like this one here.

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Where he was being roasted

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he told one of the solders (who was there roasting him) :

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"Please, turn me also to the other side"

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The soldier probably used a "fork" mentioned here in order to turn him onto the other side

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just as you would also do with a hamburger

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The gridiron was of iron

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there was also shackles attached

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There is a "GAUSAPE" "clothing of wool." This is a Greek word. The Latin one is "VESTIS"

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Then "PINGUIDO" "grease". You have actually two synonyms for "dripping" in this text:

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"ADIPE" and "PINGUIDO"

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The last line "CUNCTA" "all"

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"All these things are in the church"

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This is a very precious document for the cult of St. Lawrence during the Middle ages (1130). It is important because he is the patron saint of chefs.