[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.80,0:00:02.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our lives depend
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.28,0:00:04.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on a world we can't see.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.92,0:00:06.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Think about your week so far.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.96,0:00:10.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Have you watched TV, used GPS,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.20,0:00:13.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,checked the weather or even ate a meal?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.72,0:00:16.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These many things\Nthat enable our daily lives
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.44,0:00:19.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rely either directly or indirectly
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.32,0:00:21.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on satellites.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.04,0:00:22.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And while we often take for granted
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.00,0:00:25.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the services that satellites provide us,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.56,0:00:28.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the satellites themselves\Ndeserve our attention
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.40,0:00:30.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as they are leaving a lasting mark
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.40,0:00:32.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the space they occupy.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.72,0:00:36.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People around the world\Nrely on satellite infrastructure every day
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.36,0:00:40.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for information, entertainment\Nand to communicate.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.44,0:00:43.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's agricultural\Nand environmental monitoring,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.32,0:00:46.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Internet connectivity, navigation.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.40,0:00:48.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Satellites even play a role
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.12,0:00:51.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the operation of our financial\Nand energy markets.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.12,0:00:54.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But these satellites that we rely on
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.04,0:00:55.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,day in and day out
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.72,0:00:57.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have a finite life.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.40,0:00:59.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They might run out of propellant,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.32,0:01:00.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they could malfunction,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.88,0:01:04.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or they may just naturally\Nreach the end of their mission life.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.60,0:01:08.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At this point, these satellites\Neffectively become space junk,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.76,0:01:11.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cluttering the orbital environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.84,0:01:15.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So imagine you're driving down the highway\Non a beautiful, sunny day
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.48,0:01:16.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,out running errands.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.92,0:01:18.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You've got your music cranked,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.60,0:01:20.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your windows rolled down,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.08,0:01:22.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the cool breeze\Nblowing through your hair.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.80,0:01:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Feels nice, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.64,0:01:27.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everything is going smoothly
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.04,0:01:29.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until suddenly\Nyour car stutters and stalls
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.72,0:01:31.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,right in the middle of the highway.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.16,0:01:35.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So now you have no choice\Nbut to abandon your car
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.48,0:01:36.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where it is on the highway.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.20,0:01:39.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe you were lucky enough
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.56,0:01:42.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be able to move it out of the way\Nand into a shoulder lane
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.48,0:01:44.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that it's out of the way\Nof other traffic.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.64,0:01:45.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A couple of hours ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.92,0:01:50.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your car was a useful machine\Nthat you relied on in your everyday life.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.00,0:01:53.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, it's a useless hunk of metal
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.56,0:01:57.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,taking up space in a valuable\Ntransportation network.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.92,0:02:02.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And imagine international roadways\Nall cluttered with broken down vehicles
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.12,0:02:04.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are just getting in the way\Nof other traffic.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.00,0:02:07.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And imagine the debris\Nthat would be strewn everywhere
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.92,0:02:10.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if a collision actually happened,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.40,0:02:12.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thousands of smaller pieces of debris
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.80,0:02:14.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,becoming new obstacles.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.68,0:02:19.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the paradigm\Nof the satellite industry.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.28,0:02:21.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Satellites that are no longer working
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.44,0:02:25.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are often left to deorbit\Nover many, many years,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.28,0:02:28.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or only moved out of the way\Nas a temporary solution.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.84,0:02:31.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there are no\Ninternational laws in space
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.12,0:02:33.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to enforce us to clean up after ourselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.68,0:02:36.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the world's first satellite, Sputnik I,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.96,0:02:39.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was launched in 1957,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.24,0:02:42.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in that year, there were\Nonly a total of three launch attempts.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.52,0:02:47.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Decades later and dozens of countries\Nfrom all around the world
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.08,0:02:50.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have launched thousands\Nof more satellites into orbit,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.48,0:02:54.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the frequency of launches\Nis only going to increase in the future,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.24,0:02:56.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially if you consider\Nthings like the possibility
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.84,0:03:00.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of 900-plus satellite\Nconstellations being launched.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.56,0:03:03.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, we send satellites\Nto different orbits
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.64,0:03:05.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,depending on what they're needed for.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.72,0:03:08.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of the most common places\Nwe send satellites
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.08,0:03:09.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the low Earth orbit,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.68,0:03:11.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,possibly to image the surface of Earth
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.68,0:03:14.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at up to about 2,000 kilometers altitude.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.72,0:03:18.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Satellites there are naturally buffeted\Nby Earth's atmosphere,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.20,0:03:20.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so their orbits naturally decay,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.16,0:03:21.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they'll eventually burn up,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.72,0:03:23.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,probably within a couple of decades.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.44,0:03:26.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another common place we send satellites
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.56,0:03:28.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the geostationary orbit
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.24,0:03:30.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at about 35,000 kilometers altitude.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.32,0:03:35.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Satellites there remain in the same place\Nabove Earth as the Earth rotates,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.52,0:03:39.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which enables things like communications\Nor television broadcast, for example.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.44,0:03:44.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Satellites in high orbits like these\Ncould remain there for centuries.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.96,0:03:49.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then there's the orbit\Ncoined "the graveyard,"
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.16,0:03:51.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the ominous junk or disposal orbits,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.80,0:03:54.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where some satellites\Nare intentionally placed
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.68,0:03:55.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the end of their life
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.92,0:03:59.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that they're out of the way\Nof common operational orbits.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.80,0:04:05.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of the nearly 7,000 satellites\Nlaunched since the late 1950s,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.40,0:04:08.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only about one in seven\Nis currently operational,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.36,0:04:12.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in addition to the satellites\Nthat are no longer working,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.28,0:04:15.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's also hundreds of thousands\Nof marble-sized debris
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.80,0:04:18.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and millions of paint chip-sized debris
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.24,0:04:20.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are also orbiting around the Earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.88,0:04:23.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Space debris is a major risk\Nto space missions,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.68,0:04:27.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also to the satellites\Nthat we rely on each and every day.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.52,0:04:31.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, because space debris and junk\Nhas become increasingly worrisome,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.96,0:04:34.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there have been some national\Nand international efforts
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.60,0:04:36.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to develop technical standards
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.12,0:04:39.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to help us limit the generation\Nof additional debris.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.48,0:04:41.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So for example, there are recommendations
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.76,0:04:43.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for those low-Earth orbiting spacecraft
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.88,0:04:47.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be made to deorbit in under 25 years,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.32,0:04:49.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but that's still a really long time,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.44,0:04:52.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially if a satellite\Nhasn't been working for years.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.32,0:04:56.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's also mandates\Nfor those dead geostationary spacecraft
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.40,0:04:58.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be moved into a graveyard orbit.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.48,0:05:03.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But neither of these guidelines\Nis binding under international law,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.20,0:05:07.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the understanding is that they will be\Nimplemented through national mechanisms.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.00,0:05:10.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These guidelines are also not long-term,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.48,0:05:11.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're not proactive,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.92,0:05:15.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nor do they address\Nthe debris that's already up there.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.28,0:05:19.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're only in place\Nto limit the future creation of debris.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.68,0:05:22.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Space junk is no one's responsibility.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.68,0:05:26.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, Mount Everest is actually\Nan interesting comparison
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.56,0:05:29.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a new approach to how\Nwe interact with our environments,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.80,0:05:32.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as it's often given the dubious honor
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.12,0:05:35.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of being the world's highest garbage dump.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.04,0:05:39.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Decades after the first conquest\Nof the world's highest peak,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.32,0:05:41.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tons of rubbish left behind by climbers
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.60,0:05:43.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has started to raise concern,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.56,0:05:46.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you may have read in the news\Nthat there's speculation
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.32,0:05:48.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that Nepal will crack down on mountaineers
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.40,0:05:51.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with stricter enforcement\Nof penalties and legal obligations.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.60,0:05:55.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The goal, of course,\Nis to persuade climbers
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.04,0:05:57.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to clean up after themselves,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.24,0:06:02.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so maybe local not-for-profits will pay\Nclimbers who bring down extra waste,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.16,0:06:05.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or expeditions might organize\Nvoluntary cleanup trips.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.12,0:06:08.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And yet still many climbers feel
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.40,0:06:11.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that independent groups\Nshould police themselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.12,0:06:14.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's no simple or easy answer,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.96,0:06:18.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and even well-intentioned\Nefforts at conservation
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.04,0:06:19.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,often run into problems.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.32,0:06:23.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that doesn't mean\Nwe shouldn't do everything in our power
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.44,0:06:26.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to protect the environments\Nthat we rely and depend on,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.44,0:06:31.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and like Everest, the remote location\Nand inadequate infrastructure
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.48,0:06:32.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the orbital environment
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.92,0:06:35.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,make waste disposal a challenging problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.92,0:06:38.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we simply cannot reach new heights
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.48,0:06:41.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and create an even higher garbage dump,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.56,0:06:43.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one that's out of this world.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.28,0:06:46.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The reality of space
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.52,0:06:49.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that if a component\Non a satellite breaks down,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.12,0:06:52.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there really are limited\Nopportunities for repairs,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.04,0:06:54.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and only at great cost.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.76,0:06:58.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what if we were smarter\Nabout how we designed satellites?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.28,0:06:59.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if all satellites,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.60,0:07:01.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,regardless of what country\Nthey were built in,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.92,0:07:03.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had to be standardized in some way
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.84,0:07:06.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for recycling, servicing
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.40,0:07:07.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or active deorbiting?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.56,0:07:12.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if there actually were\Ninternational laws with teeth
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.12,0:07:14.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that enforced end-of-life\Ndisposal of satellites
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.92,0:07:17.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instead of moving them out of the way
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.08,0:07:18.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a temporary solution?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.56,0:07:22.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or maybe satellite manufacturers\Nneed to be charged a deposit
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.52,0:07:24.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to even launch a satellite into orbit,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.84,0:07:27.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that deposit would only be returned
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.32,0:07:29.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if the satellite was disposed of properly
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.88,0:07:32.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or if they cleaned up\Nsome quota of debris.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.44,0:07:36.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or maybe a satellite\Nneeds to have technology on board
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.04,0:07:37.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to help accelerate deorbit.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.72,0:07:40.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are some encouraging signs.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.00,0:07:45.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The UK's TechDemoSat-1,\Nlaunched in 2014, for example,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.72,0:07:47.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was designed for end-of-life disposal
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.68,0:07:49.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,via a small drag sail.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.64,0:07:52.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This works for the satellite\Nbecause it's small,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.24,0:07:55.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but satellites that are higher\Nor in larger orbits
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.96,0:07:58.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or are larger altogether,\Nlike the size of school buses,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.84,0:08:01.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will require other disposal options.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.28,0:08:04.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So maybe you get into things\Nlike high-powered lasers
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.28,0:08:06.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or tugging using nets or tethers,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.12,0:08:08.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as crazy as those sound in the short term.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.16,0:08:11.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then one really cool possibility
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.08,0:08:14.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the idea of orbital tow trucks\Nor space mechanics.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.84,0:08:16.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Imagine if a robotic arm
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.48,0:08:18.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on some sort of space tow truck
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.36,0:08:20.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could fix the broken components\Non a satellite,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.68,0:08:22.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,making them usable again.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.24,0:08:25.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or what if that very same robotic arm
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.20,0:08:27.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could refuel the propellant tank\Non a spacecraft
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.56,0:08:29.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that relies on chemical propulsion
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.56,0:08:33.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just like you or I would refuel\Nthe fuel tanks on our cars?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.56,0:08:35.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Robotic repair and maintenance
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.24,0:08:38.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could extend the lives of hundreds\Nof satellites orbiting around the Earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.28,0:08:43.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whatever the disposal\Nor cleanup options we come up with,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.20,0:08:46.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's clearly not just a technical problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.20,0:08:51.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's also complex space laws\Nand politics that we have to sort out.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.28,0:08:55.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Simply put, we haven't found a way\Nto use space sustainably yet.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.72,0:08:59.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Exploring, innovating\Nto change the way we live and work
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.64,0:09:01.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are what we as humans do,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.64,0:09:03.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in space exploration,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.16,0:09:06.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're literally moving\Nbeyond the boundaries of Earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.44,0:09:10.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But as we push thresholds\Nin the name of learning and innovation,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.12,0:09:15.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we must remember that accountability\Nfor our environments never goes away.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.52,0:09:20.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is without doubt congestion\Nin the low Earth and geostationary orbits,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.72,0:09:23.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we cannot keep\Nlaunching new satellites
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.08,0:09:25.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to replace the ones that have broken down
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.40,0:09:27.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without doing something about them first,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.48,0:09:29.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just like we would never\Nleave a broken down car
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.96,0:09:31.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the middle of the highway.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.76,0:09:33.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Next time you use your phone,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.36,0:09:35.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,check the weather or use your GPS,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.88,0:09:40.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,think about the satellite technologies\Nthat make those activities possible.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.16,0:09:42.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But also think about the very impact
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.04,0:09:45.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the satellites have\Non the environment surrounding Earth,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.36,0:09:50.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and help spread the message\Nthat together we must reduce our impact.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.08,0:09:52.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Earth orbit is breathtakingly beautiful
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.64,0:09:55.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and our gateway to exploration.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.24,0:09:57.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's up to us to keep it that way.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.16,0:10:00.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.40,0:10:02.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)