[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.71,0:00:09.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how many of you are educators, past, present, or future?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.91,0:00:11.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Raise your hands.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.32,0:00:12.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Good. I'm in the right place.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.79,0:00:15.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm a recovering high school English teacher.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.50,0:00:16.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,True story.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.53,0:00:18.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How many of you mentor young kids? \N
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.37,0:00:19.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Raise your hands.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.47,0:00:22.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm definitely in the right place.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.49,0:00:27.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For 25 years, we've heard about failing schools
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.03,0:00:29.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the need to reform our schools.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.31,0:00:31.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anybody who wanted to reform school? \N
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.28,0:00:33.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Raise your hands.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.34,0:00:35.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Einstein once said that formulation of the problem
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.45,0:00:38.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is often more important than the solution.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.56,0:00:40.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would like to respectfully suggest our schools
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.94,0:00:43.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are not failing; they certainly don't need reforming.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.45,0:00:47.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The system is obsolete and needs reinventing.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.61,0:00:49.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not reforming.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.37,0:00:50.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's changed?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.77,0:00:52.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's simply this.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.18,0:00:54.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Knowledge today is a commodity.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.97,0:00:57.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's free. It's like air. It's like water.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.58,0:00:59.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How many of you have been on the Khan Academy website?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.82,0:01:00.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Raise your hands.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.83,0:01:02.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yeah, most of you. Right, you know.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.87,0:01:05.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know the quality of education people can receive
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.52,0:01:08.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on that if they're willing to take the initiative.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.08,0:01:11.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How many of you had to memorize the periodic table
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.70,0:01:13.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in high school? Raise your hands.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.49,0:01:15.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ah, everybody! Good.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.21,0:01:17.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, how many were there again?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.01,0:01:18.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No wait, I'm sorry, I didn't hear that.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.56,0:01:20.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whatever number you came up with is wrong,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.26,0:01:22.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because two more were added last week.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.70,0:01:25.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And planets, are we up one or down one?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.27,0:01:27.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know, I haven't checked my news feed today.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.32,0:01:29.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And let's see, let's have a contest.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.01,0:01:31.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why don't you recite the 50 state capitals from memory
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.93,0:01:35.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while I google them? Let's see who's quicker.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.88,0:01:37.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Knowledge is a commodity.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.37,0:01:39.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The world no longer cares whether or not
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.54,0:01:40.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're smarter than a fifth grader
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.88,0:01:43.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or how well you do to triple your pursuit.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.02,0:01:46.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What the world cares about is not what you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.30,0:01:49.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but what you can do with what you know.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.56,0:01:54.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that is a completely different education problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.02,0:01:56.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then the question becomes,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.15,0:01:59.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do you have the skill and do you have the will
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.73,0:02:03.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to use the knowledge you have acquired?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.38,0:02:06.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay, I gotta tell you a kind of an intellectual journey I've been on.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.59,0:02:08.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,2005, I read "The World is Flat" by Friedman.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.52,0:02:10.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How many have read that book?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.11,0:02:11.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Scared the heck out of me.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.39,0:02:13.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because as you know, he describes a world
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.42,0:02:15.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where increasingly any job that can be routined
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.50,0:02:17.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is rapidly being offshored or automated.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.96,0:02:20.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,White collar, blue collar, doesn't matter.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.85,0:02:23.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Talked to him recently, interviewed him for the new book.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.04,0:02:24.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said, "I got one thing wrong in that book."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.50,0:02:25.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I said, "What was that?"
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.69,0:02:28.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said, "The pace of change is happening so much faster."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.89,0:02:32.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I worried about what kinds of skills will our young people need
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.22,0:02:35.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to get and keep a good job in this new global knowledge economy.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.96,0:02:37.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in fact are they the same skills they'll need
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.81,0:02:40.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for citizenship and for continuous learning?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.82,0:02:43.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I've interviewed a wide range of innovators, literally,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.16,0:02:47.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from Apple to Unilever, executives, U.S. Army,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.90,0:02:49.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,community leaders, college teachers, asking all of them,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.99,0:02:53.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"What are the skills that matter most today? What's important?"
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.59,0:02:56.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Came to understand, there's a set of core competences
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.76,0:03:01.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every young person must be well on the way to mastery
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.54,0:03:03.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before he or she finishes high school.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.87,0:03:07.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not just to get a good job, but to be a continuous learner
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.92,0:03:11.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and an active and informed citizen in the 21st century.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.85,0:03:13.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Very briefly, they are:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.58,0:03:15.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No. 1: Critical thinking and problem solving.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.69,0:03:17.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What do I mean by critical thinking? \N
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.06,0:03:18.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The ability to ask the right questions,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.78,0:03:20.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ask really good questions.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.61,0:03:25.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No. 2: Collaboration across networks and leading by influence.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.82,0:03:29.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No. 3: Agility and adaptability.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.77,0:03:34.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No. 4: Initiative and entrepreneurialism.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.21,0:03:39.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No. 5: Effective oral and written communication.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.87,0:03:43.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No. 6: Accessing and analyzing information.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.70,0:03:48.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and lastly, No. 7: Curiosity and imagination.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.80,0:03:51.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, a couple things happened when that book came out 3 and a half years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.78,0:03:54.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a global achievement gap that Hellman just referred to.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.43,0:03:57.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First of all, I got a kind of affirmation
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.35,0:03:58.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from literally, around the world
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.65,0:04:00.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that simply stunned me.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.09,0:04:04.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Taiwan to Singapore, to Helsinki, to Madrid, \N
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.10,0:04:07.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and kind of all places in between.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.11,0:04:10.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thailand, Bahrain, Birmingham, England.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.85,0:04:13.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From Wall Street to West Point,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.80,0:04:17.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people said to me, \N"Yup, these are exactly the right skills."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.82,0:04:20.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I felt pretty good. Not bad.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.57,0:04:22.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then the other thing happened.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.92,0:04:24.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Economy collapsed.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.78,0:04:27.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I saw kids coming home from college,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.16,0:04:30.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,seemingly having acquired some, many, most of these skills,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.66,0:04:33.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,coming home from college to no job.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.71,0:04:35.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They had the skills.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.01,0:04:36.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Something was missing.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.55,0:04:40.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right now today, half of all recent college graduates
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.90,0:04:43.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are either unemployed or underemployed.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.78,0:04:46.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A third are living at home.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.06,0:04:48.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe some of you in this audience.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.48,0:04:50.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What did I miss? What was wrong?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.73,0:04:52.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, as I tried to understand\N
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.70,0:04:54.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the essence of this economic crash,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.31,0:04:55.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I came to understand it's a lot more
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.90,0:04:58.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than the credit default swaps we read about,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.80,0:05:01.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a lot more than just a hyper-inflated \N
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.47,0:05:03.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,real estate market and so on.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.32,0:05:04.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's what I learned.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.49,0:05:06.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe you all know this. I didn't.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.89,0:05:11.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,More than 70% of our economy\Nis based on consumer spending.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.39,0:05:13.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's everybody's biggest fear?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.38,0:05:16.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That consumers will stop spending.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.48,0:05:18.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's why we lose jobs.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.35,0:05:20.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No. 2, that that consumer spending has been
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.51,0:05:24.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,increasingly fueled by people going into debt.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.87,0:05:27.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pulling money out of the house as fast as they could,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.24,0:05:29.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,putting money on credit cards as fast as they could.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.43,0:05:33.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,2007, the savings rate was minus 2%.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.86,0:05:35.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Leading me to conclude
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.91,0:05:38.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that maybe what we have done
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.07,0:05:40.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is create an economy based on people
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.39,0:05:42.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,spending money they do not have,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.87,0:05:45.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to buy things they may not need,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.41,0:05:48.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,threatening the planet in the process.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.83,0:05:51.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think it's increasingly clear
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.26,0:05:54.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that kind of an economy is not sustainable.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.02,0:05:58.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As Jeremy Cloud said, it's not sustainable environmentally.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.08,0:06:00.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not even sustainable economically.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.46,0:06:03.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right now today, the savings rate is about 4%.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.38,0:06:06.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Consumers are saving
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.33,0:06:08.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more than they are spending.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.76,0:06:11.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't think it's sustainable spiritually either.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.78,0:06:13.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need something different.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.18,0:06:15.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So as I tried to understand what's the alternative,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.13,0:06:16.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what's gonna be our niche in the global economy,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.96,0:06:19.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one word appeared over and over again.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.04,0:06:20.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Innovation.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.93,0:06:24.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The idea, not just the major innovations in STEM,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.10,0:06:28.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but becoming a country that produces more better ideas
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.40,0:06:31.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to solve more different kinds of problems,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.50,0:06:33.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ideas that generate jobs,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.26,0:06:37.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ideas that other people want and need as solutions
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.15,0:06:40.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to real problems, every kind of problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.80,0:06:42.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, you know, America has always been known
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.88,0:06:44.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a highly innovative country.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.72,0:06:47.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But is that because of, or in spite of,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.73,0:06:49.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our education system?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.86,0:06:51.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Important question.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.14,0:06:52.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know we have infrastructure,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.70,0:06:54.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we spend on our R&D,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.59,0:06:56.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,copyright protection laws,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.33,0:06:58.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,good immigration policy, until recently.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.47,0:06:59.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What about education?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.77,0:07:02.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Alright, trivia question of the day so fast you won't be able to google the answer.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.88,0:07:04.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What do Bill Gates, Edwin Land,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.60,0:07:06.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the inventor of Polaroid instant camera,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.44,0:07:08.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mark Zuckerburg a Facebook fame,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.36,0:07:10.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Bonnie Raitt, the folk singer, all four have in common?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.05,0:07:11.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Audience) College dropouts.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.65,0:07:12.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sorry, they were not dropouts, \N
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.82,0:07:15.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they were Harvard College dropouts!
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.27,0:07:17.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's different! Thank you very much.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.27,0:07:20.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know Steve Jobs is a dropout, Michael Dell is a dropout.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.64,0:07:24.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These guys were Harvard dropouts.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.54,0:07:27.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I decided to take a different tactic.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.35,0:07:30.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Trying to understand what must we do differently
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.78,0:07:32.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to develop the capacities of many more
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.65,0:07:35.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of our young people to be innovators.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.61,0:07:38.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What must we do as parents, as teachers,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.86,0:07:41.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as mentors, and as employers.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.62,0:07:44.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Started interviewing a wide range of innovators in their 20s.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.44,0:07:46.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Extraordinary young people.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.16,0:07:49.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Range some from privileged, some from poverty.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.30,0:07:51.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Wide range. All over the country.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.23,0:07:54.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some in STEM fields, some in arts,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.17,0:07:57.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some were social innovators and entrepreneurs.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.25,0:07:59.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then I interviewed each one of their parents.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.26,0:08:00.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Trying to understand if there were
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.93,0:08:03.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,patterns of parenting that I might observe.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.68,0:08:05.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then I asked each one of them,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.78,0:08:07.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Is there a teacher or a mentor
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.46,0:08:10.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who's made a significant difference in your life?"
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.88,0:08:13.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One third of them, one third, \N
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.13,0:08:16.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could not name a single teacher.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.44,0:08:18.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of the two thirds who could, \N
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.29,0:08:19.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they could name at least one teacher.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.69,0:08:21.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The third that couldn't name a teacher
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.09,0:08:22.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could always name a mentor by the way.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.10,0:08:23.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Very important.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.20,0:08:25.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We underestimate the importance of mentoring.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.99,0:08:30.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I went and interviewed each one of those teachers and mentors.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.36,0:08:33.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I made, what was for me, a shocking discovery.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.81,0:08:36.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In every single case, the teachers whom I interviewed --
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.42,0:08:39.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I interviewed teachers from elementary school \Nto graduate school.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.35,0:08:41.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The full spectrum.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.07,0:08:43.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In every case, every one of those teachers
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.92,0:08:48.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was an outlier in his or her school setting.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.01,0:08:51.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, I went to five colleges.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.10,0:08:54.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Harvard, MIT, Stanford, Carnegie Mellon, Tulane.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.42,0:08:55.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All five of those college teachers
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.87,0:08:58.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,having produced brilliant innovators and continued to do so,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.39,0:08:59.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,none of them had tenure
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.82,0:09:02.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nor were they ever going to get tenure.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.71,0:09:04.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's the problem here?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.39,0:09:06.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, what I came to learn
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.27,0:09:09.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that the culture of schooling,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.33,0:09:11.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as we have grown up with it,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.26,0:09:14.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is radically at odds with the culture of learning
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.62,0:09:19.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that produces innovators in five central respects.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.01,0:09:21.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No. 1, we celebrate and award individual achievement,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.92,0:09:23.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and sure there's an important place for that,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.22,0:09:26.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but, as you well know, innovation is a team sport.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.06,0:09:29.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And all of these teachers built real, accountable teamwork
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.70,0:09:33.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and collaboration in all of their assignments.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.29,0:09:36.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No. 2, we are all about specialization in American education.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.35,0:09:38.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,High school, universities are divided and conquered
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.44,0:09:40.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by something we call Carnegie units,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.48,0:09:43.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are 115 years old.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.41,0:09:45.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chemistry this, biology that, and so on.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.68,0:09:48.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The world of innovation is interdisciplinary.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.33,0:09:50.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And problem-based learning.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.94,0:09:52.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Judy Gilbert at Google, she said to me,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.64,0:09:55.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if there's one thing educators must understand,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.89,0:09:58.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that problems can no longer be solved
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.87,0:10:00.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nor even understood
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.37,0:10:05.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,within the bright lines of academic disciplines.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.06,0:10:08.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No. 3, the culture of schooling is all about
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.74,0:10:13.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,risk aversion and penalizing failure.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.41,0:10:15.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Students' job is to figure out what the teacher needs.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.51,0:10:17.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Give the teacher whatever the teacher wants.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.46,0:10:19.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Teacher's job is to avoid trouble, you know.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.41,0:10:24.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are not encouraged to take risks as educators, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.40,0:10:26.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The world of innovation, as you will know,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.56,0:10:28.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is all about taking risks,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.56,0:10:31.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,making mistakes, and learning from them.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.40,0:10:32.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I went to IDEO, the most
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.87,0:10:35.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,innovative design company in the world, they said to me,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.44,0:10:39.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Our motto is, 'Fail early and fail often.'"
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.89,0:10:44.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's because there is no innovation without trial and error.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.47,0:10:47.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I went to the D School started by David Kelley from IDEO,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.18,0:10:50.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an amazing interdisciplinary program at Stanford.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.48,0:10:53.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were talking around a table together saying,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.55,0:10:56.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"You know we are actually thinking F is the new A."
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.43,0:11:00.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Try selling that report card back at your schools.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.55,0:11:02.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I talked to a student at Owen College.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.46,0:11:04.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Owen is by the way, probably the best
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.04,0:11:05.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,college in the country right now today.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.73,0:11:07.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every course, interdisciplinary,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.74,0:11:11.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,team based, project based -- extraordinary place.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.30,0:11:13.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Talked to a student at Owen, he said,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.09,0:11:15.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"You know, we don't even talk about failure much here.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.81,0:11:18.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We talk about iteration."
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.81,0:11:22.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Heck, I don't think I knew what the word meant five years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.03,0:11:24.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's become something so important as a concept to me.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.86,0:11:27.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In learning, there are no mistakes, there are iterations.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.77,0:11:29.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Although I have to ask you, how many of you learn
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.32,0:11:31.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more from your mistakes than your successes.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.29,0:11:32.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Raise your hands.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.36,0:11:34.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yeah, me too. God, that hurt sometimes.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.24,0:11:35.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's painful.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.81,0:11:38.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the point is, we protect children
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.29,0:11:40.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in school, we protect children at home,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.07,0:11:41.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the helicopter parents hover.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.44,0:11:43.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They don't want their children to make mistakes
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.31,0:11:46.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lest their perfect record become blemished in some way.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.78,0:11:50.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that's the only source of real self-confidence.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.27,0:11:52.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That you can learn that you can recover from a mistake.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.22,0:11:54.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you don't wanna learn that when you're 35, \N
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.03,0:11:57.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it hurts a lot more then.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.37,0:12:00.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The fourth one. You know, the culture of learning
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.19,0:12:02.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is so much about passive consumption.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.89,0:12:05.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact I think that's where we all learn
Dialogue: 0,0:12:05.24,0:12:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be good little consumers, in school.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.00,0:12:09.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because we sit and get all day long.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:09.89,0:12:13.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The classrooms of innovators are all about creating.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.07,0:12:16.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Creating real products for real audiences.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:16.35,0:12:19.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lastly and most important,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.10,0:12:22.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we rely on extrinsic incentives for learning.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.90,0:12:27.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Carrots and sticks. Money for good grades.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:27.11,0:12:29.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The world of innovation, these young innovators,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.99,0:12:32.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every one of them whom I've interviewed,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.16,0:12:36.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was far more intrinsically motivated.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.69,0:12:39.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They want to make a difference in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.04,0:12:41.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so then when I look back at what these parents had done
Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.27,0:12:43.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what these teachers had done to encourage
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.42,0:12:47.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this intrinsic motivation, I found another pattern.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:47.52,0:12:51.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Play to passion to purpose.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.68,0:12:54.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Parents and teachers alike encouraging more exploratory play,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.78,0:12:58.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fewer toys, toys without batteries, less screen time,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.76,0:13:03.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more time that was unstructured. Get out, and play.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:03.72,0:13:06.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Parents who encouraged students to find and pursue a passion,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:06.57,0:13:09.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who knew that was more important than mere academic achievement.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.98,0:13:13.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Teachers who encourage students, made time in every class
Dialogue: 0,0:13:13.52,0:13:16.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for students to do projects, to do research, to do experimentation,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:16.72,0:13:22.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to find and pursue an intellectual or artistic passion.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.13,0:13:25.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And every case as these kids have developed passions,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.32,0:13:27.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they morphed, they changed, they evolved
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.27,0:13:30.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into a deeper sense of purpose.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:30.42,0:13:35.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because parents and teachers alike said one thing:
Dialogue: 0,0:13:35.90,0:13:38.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Give back. Make a difference."
Dialogue: 0,0:13:38.67,0:13:41.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And all of them have that value,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.41,0:13:45.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,want, in some way, to make a difference.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:45.40,0:13:47.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what does this mean for our work?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.24,0:13:49.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, we can have a lot of long conversations
Dialogue: 0,0:13:49.16,0:13:51.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about how the system needs reinventing.\N
Dialogue: 0,0:13:51.19,0:13:52.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've written some things about that.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.79,0:13:55.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, you know, I come back to what each one of us can do.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:55.90,0:13:59.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I come back to the idea that, first of all,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:59.13,0:14:02.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have to be innovators in our teaching,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:02.27,0:14:05.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in our mentoring. We have to model
Dialogue: 0,0:14:05.20,0:14:08.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the values, the behaviors of innovation.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.22,0:14:12.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have to, in our teaching, be willing to take risks.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:12.20,0:14:15.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Be willing to learn from mistakes.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:15.13,0:14:19.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Work more collaboratively with our colleagues.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:19.32,0:14:21.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I think above all,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.02,0:14:23.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe what's most important for me is that I,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:23.80,0:14:27.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a teacher and a mentor, now think much more about
Dialogue: 0,0:14:27.52,0:14:30.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where and how am I encouraging
Dialogue: 0,0:14:30.14,0:14:34.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the play, the passion, and the purpose
Dialogue: 0,0:14:34.01,0:14:36.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in everything that I do with the young people.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:36.69,0:14:37.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.74,0:14:40.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)