[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.50,0:00:01.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So my freshman year of college
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.94,0:00:04.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I signed up for an internship in the housing unit
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.69,0:00:06.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at Greater Boston Legal Services.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.89,0:00:08.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Showed up the first day
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.55,0:00:10.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ready to make coffee and photocopies,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.86,0:00:15.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but was paired with this righteous, deeply inspired attorney
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.44,0:00:16.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,named Jeff Purcell,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.91,0:00:19.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who thrust me onto the front lines
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.38,0:00:21.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the very first day.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.38,0:00:23.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And over the course of nine months
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.14,0:00:24.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I had the chance
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.16,0:00:25.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to have dozens of conversations
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.93,0:00:28.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with low-income families in Boston
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.71,0:00:31.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who would come in presenting with housing issues,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.83,0:00:35.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but always had an underlying health issue.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.11,0:00:37.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I had a client who came in,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.34,0:00:39.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about to be evicted because he hasn't paid his rent.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.66,0:00:41.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But he hasn't paid his rent, of course,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.95,0:00:44.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because he's paying for his HIV medication
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.44,0:00:46.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and just can't afford both.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.64,0:00:47.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We had moms who would come in,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.100,0:00:49.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,daughter has asthma,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.38,0:00:52.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wakes up covered in cockroaches every morning.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.26,0:00:54.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And one of our litigation strategies
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.24,0:00:57.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was actually to send me into the home of these clients
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.01,0:00:59.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with these large glass bottles.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.14,0:01:01.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I would collect the cockroaches,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.14,0:01:04.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hot glue-gun them to this poster board
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.16,0:01:06.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we'd bring to court for our cases.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.20,0:01:07.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we always won
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.47,0:01:10.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the judges were just so grossed out.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.20,0:01:12.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Far more effective, I have to say,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.34,0:01:15.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than anything I later learned in law school.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.20,0:01:17.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But over the course of these nine months,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.74,0:01:19.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I grew frustrated with feeling
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.60,0:01:22.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like we were intervening too far downstream
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.56,0:01:25.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the lives of our clients --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.08,0:01:26.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that by the time they came to us,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.61,0:01:28.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they were already in crisis.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.78,0:01:31.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And at the end of my freshman year of college,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.60,0:01:33.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I read an article about the work
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.28,0:01:35.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that Dr. Barry Zuckerman was doing
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.06,0:01:37.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as Chair of Pediatrics
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.20,0:01:38.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at Boston Medical Center.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.60,0:01:41.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And his first hire was a legal services attorney
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.66,0:01:43.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to represent the patients.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.55,0:01:45.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I called Barry,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.06,0:01:47.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and with his blessing, in October 1995
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.66,0:01:49.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,walked into the waiting room
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.73,0:01:52.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the pediatrics clinic at Boston Medical Center.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.60,0:01:53.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll never forget,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.93,0:01:56.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the TVs played this endless reel of cartoons.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.81,0:01:59.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the exhaustion of mothers
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.75,0:02:03.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who had taken two, three, sometimes four buses
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.28,0:02:05.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to bring their child to the doctor
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.21,0:02:07.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was just palpable.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.09,0:02:08.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The doctors, it seemed,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.34,0:02:09.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,never really had enough time for all the patients,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.86,0:02:11.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,try as they might.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.11,0:02:12.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And over the course of six months,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.33,0:02:14.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would corner them in the hallway
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.01,0:02:17.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and ask them a sort of naive but fundamental question:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.91,0:02:20.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"If you had unlimited resources,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.40,0:02:23.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what's the one thing you would give your patients?"
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.71,0:02:26.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I heard the same story again and again,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.41,0:02:29.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a story we've heard hundreds of times since then.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.36,0:02:32.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They said, "Every day we have patients that come into the clinic --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.93,0:02:34.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,child has an ear infection,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.63,0:02:36.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I prescribe antibiotics.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.56,0:02:39.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the real issue is there's no food at home.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.39,0:02:40.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The real issue
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.89,0:02:43.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that child is living with 12 other people
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.13,0:02:44.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a two-bedroom apartment.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.63,0:02:46.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I don't even ask about those issues
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.48,0:02:49.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because there's nothing I can do.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.23,0:02:51.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have 13 minutes with each patient.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.06,0:02:53.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Patients are piling up in the clinic waiting room.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.63,0:02:56.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have no idea where the nearest food pantry is.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.32,0:02:58.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I don't even have any help."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.67,0:02:59.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In that clinic, even today,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.87,0:03:01.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are two social workers
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.55,0:03:04.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for 24,000 pediatric patients,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.28,0:03:07.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is better than a lot of the clinics out there.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.14,0:03:10.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So Health Leads was born of these conversations --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.17,0:03:11.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a simple model
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.35,0:03:12.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where doctors and nurses
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.87,0:03:15.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can prescribe nutritious food,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.08,0:03:16.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,heat in the winter
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.39,0:03:18.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and other basic resources for their patients
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.97,0:03:21.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the same way they prescribe medication.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.52,0:03:23.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Patients then take their prescriptions
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.50,0:03:25.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to our desk in the clinic waiting room
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.97,0:03:29.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we have a core of well-trained college student advocates
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.78,0:03:32.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who work side by side with these families
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.24,0:03:33.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to connect them out
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.54,0:03:36.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the existing landscape of community resources.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.75,0:03:40.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we began with a card table in the clinic waiting room --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.30,0:03:42.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,totally lemonade stand style.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.45,0:03:45.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But today we have a thousand college student advocates
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.77,0:03:50.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who are working to connect nearly 9,000 patients and their families
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.07,0:03:53.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the resources that they need to be healthy.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.27,0:03:54.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So 18 months ago
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.79,0:03:57.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I got this email that changed my life.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.57,0:03:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the email was from Dr. Jack Geiger,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.99,0:04:02.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who had written to congratulate me on Health Leads
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.97,0:04:04.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to share, as he said,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.27,0:04:06.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a bit of historical context.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.91,0:04:09.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1965 Dr. Geiger founded
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.86,0:04:12.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of the first two community health centers in this country,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.87,0:04:16.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a brutally poor area in the Mississippi Delta.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.02,0:04:18.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so many of his patients came in
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.54,0:04:20.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,presenting with malnutrition
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.69,0:04:23.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that be began prescribing food for them.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.17,0:04:26.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they would take these prescriptions to the local supermarket,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.42,0:04:27.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which would fill them
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.52,0:04:30.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then charge the pharmacy budget of the clinic.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.34,0:04:33.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when the Office of Economic Opportunity in Washington, D.C. --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.22,0:04:35.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was funding Geiger's clinic --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.06,0:04:36.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,found out about this,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.26,0:04:37.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they were furious.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.46,0:04:39.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they sent this bureaucrat down
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.20,0:04:42.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to tell Geiger that he was expected to use their dollars
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.16,0:04:43.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for medical care --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.62,0:04:47.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to which Geiger famously and logically responded,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.02,0:04:49.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The last time I checked my textbooks,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.45,0:04:53.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the specific therapy for malnutrition was food."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.80,0:04:55.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.09,0:04:57.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when I got this email from Dr. Geiger,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.79,0:05:00.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I knew I was supposed to be proud
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.15,0:05:01.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be part of this history.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.82,0:05:03.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the truth is
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.04,0:05:05.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was devastated.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.03,0:05:06.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here we are,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.37,0:05:10.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,45 years after Geiger has prescribed food for his patients,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.36,0:05:12.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I have doctors telling me,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.37,0:05:16.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"On those issues, we practice a 'don't ask, don't tell' policy."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.44,0:05:18.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Forty-five years after Geiger,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.87,0:05:20.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Health Leads has to reinvent
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.42,0:05:23.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the prescription for basic resources.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.26,0:05:26.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I have spent hours upon hours
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.42,0:05:29.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,trying to make sense of this weird Groundhog Day.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.76,0:05:32.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How is it that if for decades
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.29,0:05:35.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we had a pretty straightforward tool for keeping patients,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.06,0:05:37.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and especially low-income patients, healthy,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.66,0:05:39.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we didn't use it?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.56,0:05:42.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we know what it takes to have a healthcare system
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.66,0:05:45.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rather than a sick-care system,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.15,0:05:47.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why don't we just do it?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.19,0:05:49.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These questions, in my mind,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.42,0:05:52.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are not hard because the answers are complicated,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.49,0:05:57.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they are hard because they require that we be honest with ourselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.62,0:06:00.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My belief is that it's almost too painful
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.72,0:06:03.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to articulate our aspirations for our healthcare system,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.95,0:06:06.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or even admit that we have any at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.69,0:06:07.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because if we did,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.86,0:06:09.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they would be so removed
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.47,0:06:11.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from our current reality.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.66,0:06:14.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that doesn't change my belief
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.62,0:06:17.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that all of us, deep inside,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.54,0:06:21.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,here in this room and across this country,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.10,0:06:24.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,share a similar set of desires.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.02,0:06:26.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That if we are honest with ourselves
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.15,0:06:28.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and listen quietly,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.46,0:06:30.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we all harbor
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.27,0:06:34.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one fiercely held aspiration for our healthcare:
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.47,0:06:36.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it keep us healthy.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.57,0:06:39.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This aspiration that our healthcare keep us healthy
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.89,0:06:42.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is an enormously powerful one.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.29,0:06:44.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the way I think about this
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.90,0:06:47.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that healthcare is like any other system.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.09,0:06:49.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's just a set of choices that people make.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.66,0:06:51.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if we decided
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.46,0:06:53.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make a different set of choices?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.87,0:06:56.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if we decided to take all the parts of healthcare
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.90,0:06:58.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that have drifted away from us
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.71,0:07:01.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and stand firm and say, "No.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.17,0:07:03.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These things are ours.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.14,0:07:05.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They will be used for our purposes.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.14,0:07:07.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They will be used to realize
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.16,0:07:09.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our aspiration"?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.09,0:07:10.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if everything we needed
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.84,0:07:12.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to realize our aspiration for healthcare
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.99,0:07:14.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was right there in front of us
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.57,0:07:16.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just waiting to be claimed?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.46,0:07:18.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's where Health Leads began.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.50,0:07:20.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We started with the prescription pad --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.19,0:07:22.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a very ordinary piece of paper --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.59,0:07:26.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we asked, not what do patients need to get healthy --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.56,0:07:29.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,antibiotics, an inhaler, medication --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.57,0:07:32.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but what do patients need to be healthy,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.36,0:07:34.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to not get sick in the first place?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.90,0:07:36.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we chose to use the prescription
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.76,0:07:38.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for that purpose.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.54,0:07:39.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So just a few miles from here
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.74,0:07:41.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at Children's National Medical Center,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.52,0:07:43.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when patients come into the doctor's office,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.79,0:07:45.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're asked a few questions.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.47,0:07:48.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're asked, "Are you running out of food at the end of the month?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.14,0:07:49.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do you have safe housing?"
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.70,0:07:51.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when the doctor begins the visit,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.77,0:07:54.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she knows height, weight, is there food at home,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.61,0:07:56.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the family living in a shelter.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.22,0:07:59.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that not only leads to a better set of clinical choices,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.11,0:08:03.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the doctor can also prescribe those resources for the patient,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.16,0:08:06.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using Health Leads like any other sub-specialty referral.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.82,0:08:09.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The problem is,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.06,0:08:11.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,once you get a taste of what it's like
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.25,0:08:13.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to realize your aspiration for healthcare,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.49,0:08:15.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you want more.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.01,0:08:15.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we thought,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.77,0:08:17.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we can get individual doctors
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.37,0:08:20.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to prescribe these basic resources for their patients,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.59,0:08:23.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could we get an entire healthcare system
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.30,0:08:26.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to shift its presumption?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.06,0:08:27.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we gave it a shot.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.30,0:08:28.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So now at Harlem Hospital Center
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.74,0:08:32.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when patients come in with an elevated body mass index,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.52,0:08:34.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the electronic medical record
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.39,0:08:38.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,automatically generates a prescription for Health Leads.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.19,0:08:39.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And our volunteers can then work with them
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.66,0:08:42.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to connect patients to healthy food and excercise programs
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.87,0:08:44.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in their communities.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.30,0:08:45.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've created a presumption
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.44,0:08:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that if you're a patient at that hospital
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.00,0:08:48.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with an elevated BMI,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.56,0:08:50.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the four walls of the doctor's office
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.79,0:08:52.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,probably aren't going to give you everything
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.64,0:08:53.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you need to be healthy.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.82,0:08:55.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You need more.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.22,0:08:55.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So on the one hand,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.90,0:08:57.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is just a basic recoding
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.60,0:08:59.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the electronic medical record.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.31,0:09:01.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And on the other hand,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.02,0:09:02.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's a radical transformation
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.67,0:09:04.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the electronic medical record
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.84,0:09:08.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from a static repository of diagnostic information
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.72,0:09:11.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to a health promotion tool.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.56,0:09:12.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the private sector,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.67,0:09:15.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you squeeze that kind of additional value
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.29,0:09:17.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,out of a fixed-cost investment,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.04,0:09:19.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's called a billion-dollar company.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.64,0:09:21.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in my world,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.02,0:09:24.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's called reduced obesity and diabetes.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.42,0:09:26.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's called healthcare --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.31,0:09:29.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a system where doctors can prescribe solutions
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.29,0:09:30.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to improve health,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.84,0:09:32.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not just manage disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.99,0:09:34.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Same thing in the clinic waiting room.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.52,0:09:36.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So every day in this country
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.14,0:09:37.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,three million patients
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.64,0:09:42.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pass through about 150,000 clinic waiting rooms in this country.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.14,0:09:44.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what do they do when they're there?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.12,0:09:47.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They sit, they watch the goldfish in the fish tank,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.57,0:09:50.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they read extremely old copies
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.05,0:09:52.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of Good Housekeeping magazine.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.33,0:09:55.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But mostly we all just sit there forever, waiting.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.57,0:09:56.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How did we get here
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.92,0:10:00.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we devote hundreds of acres and thousands of hours
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.27,0:10:02.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to waiting?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.05,0:10:03.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if we had a waiting room
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.27,0:10:05.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where you don't just sit when you're sick,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.37,0:10:07.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but where you go to get healthy.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.23,0:10:09.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If airports can become shopping malls
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.75,0:10:12.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and McDonald's can become playgrounds,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.72,0:10:16.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,surely we can reinvent the clinic waiting room.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.15,0:10:18.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's what Health Leads has tried to do,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.18,0:10:20.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to reclaim that real estate and that time
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.47,0:10:21.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to use it as a gateway
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.90,0:10:22.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to connect patients
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.95,0:10:25.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the resources they need to be healthy.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.72,0:10:27.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's a brutal winter in the Northeast,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.23,0:10:29.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your kid has asthma, your heat just got turned off,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.70,0:10:31.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and of course you're in the waiting room of the ER,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.87,0:10:34.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the cold air triggered your child's asthma.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.40,0:10:37.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what if instead of waiting for hours anxiously,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.32,0:10:39.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the waiting room became the place
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.52,0:10:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where Health Leads turned your heat back on?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.00,0:10:43.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And of course all of this requires
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.62,0:10:45.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a broader workforce.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.57,0:10:48.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if we're creative, we already have that too.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.73,0:10:51.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We know that our doctors and nurses
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.12,0:10:52.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and even social workers
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.47,0:10:53.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,aren't enough,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.93,0:10:55.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the ticking minutes of health care
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.58,0:10:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are too constraining.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.00,0:10:59.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Health just takes more time.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.05,0:11:01.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It requires a non-clinical army
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.85,0:11:04.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of community health workers and case managers
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.53,0:11:06.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and many others.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.15,0:11:09.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if a small part of that next healthcare workforce
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.30,0:11:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were the 11 million college students in this country?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.00,0:11:15.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Unencumbered by clinical responsibilities,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.77,0:11:18.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unwilling to take no for an answer
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.37,0:11:19.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from those bureaucracies
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.95,0:11:21.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that tend to crush patients,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.88,0:11:23.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and with an unparalleled ability
Dialogue: 0,0:11:23.83,0:11:25.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for information retrieval
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.28,0:11:28.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,honed through years of using Google.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.27,0:11:30.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now lest you think it improbable
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.80,0:11:32.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that a college volunteer
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.42,0:11:34.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can make this kind of commitment,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.20,0:11:35.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have two words for you:
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.77,0:11:38.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,March Madness.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.12,0:11:42.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The average NCAA Division I men's basketball player
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.08,0:11:45.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dedicates 39 hours a week to his sport.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.35,0:11:47.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now we may think that's good or bad,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.50,0:11:50.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but in either case it's real.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.18,0:11:52.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Health Leads is based on the presumption
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.37,0:11:53.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that for too long
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.75,0:11:56.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have asked too little of our college students
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.30,0:12:00.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when it comes to real impact in vulnerable communities.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.06,0:12:01.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,College sports teams say,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.42,0:12:03.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We're going to take dozens of hours
Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.48,0:12:07.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at some field across campus at some ungodly hour of the morning
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.37,0:12:10.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we're going to measure your performance, and your team's performance,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.18,0:12:12.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if you don't measure up or you don't show up,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.35,0:12:13.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're going to cut you off the team.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.80,0:12:15.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we'll make huge investments
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.69,0:12:16.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in your training and development,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:16.90,0:12:20.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we'll give you an extraordinary community of peers."
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.32,0:12:22.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And people line up out the door
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.13,0:12:24.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just for the chance to be part of it.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.92,0:12:26.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So our feeling is,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.13,0:12:27.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if it's good enough for the rugby team,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:27.62,0:12:29.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's good enough for health and poverty.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.73,0:12:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Health Leads too recruits competitively,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.00,0:12:34.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,trains intensively,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.48,0:12:36.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,coaches professionally,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.45,0:12:38.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,demands significant time,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.40,0:12:39.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,builds a cohesive team
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.77,0:12:41.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and measures results --
Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.25,0:12:43.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a kind of Teach for America for healthcare.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.93,0:12:46.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now in the top 10 cities in the U.S.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.03,0:12:48.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the largest number of Medicaid patients,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.35,0:12:51.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,each of those has at least 20,000 college students.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.57,0:12:54.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,New York alone has half a million college students.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.77,0:12:57.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this isn't just a sort of short-term workforce
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.82,0:13:00.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to connect patients to basic resources,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.07,0:13:03.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's a next generation healthcare leadership pipeline
Dialogue: 0,0:13:03.67,0:13:06.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who've spent two, three, four years
Dialogue: 0,0:13:06.12,0:13:07.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the clinic waiting room
Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.62,0:13:11.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,talking to patients about their most basic health needs.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:11.60,0:13:13.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they leave with the conviction,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:13.35,0:13:15.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the ability and the efficacy
Dialogue: 0,0:13:15.18,0:13:18.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to realize our most basic aspirations for health care.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:18.97,0:13:21.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the thing is, there's thousands of these folks already out there.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:21.98,0:13:25.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So Mia Lozada is Chief Resident of Internal Medicine
Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.80,0:13:27.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at UCSF Medical Center,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.22,0:13:29.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but for three years as an undergraduate
Dialogue: 0,0:13:29.55,0:13:31.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she was a Health Leads volunteer
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.18,0:13:34.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the clinic waiting room at Boston Medical Center.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:34.18,0:13:37.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mia says, "When my classmates write a prescription,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.90,0:13:39.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they think their work is done.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:39.92,0:13:41.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I write a prescription,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.63,0:13:43.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think, can the family read the prescription?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:43.90,0:13:46.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do they have transportation to the pharmacy?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:46.08,0:13:48.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do they have food to take with the prescription?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:48.53,0:13:50.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do they have insurance to fill the prescription?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:50.78,0:13:53.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those are the questions I learned at Health Leads,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.47,0:13:55.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not in medical school."
Dialogue: 0,0:13:55.22,0:13:57.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now none of these solutions --
Dialogue: 0,0:13:57.20,0:14:00.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the prescription pad, the electronic medical record,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.17,0:14:01.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the waiting room,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:01.32,0:14:02.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the army of college students --
Dialogue: 0,0:14:02.48,0:14:03.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are perfect.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:03.67,0:14:06.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But they are ours for the taking --
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.17,0:14:07.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,simple examples
Dialogue: 0,0:14:07.50,0:14:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the vast under-utilized healthcare resources
Dialogue: 0,0:14:11.00,0:14:13.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that, if we reclaimed and redeployed,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:13.92,0:14:17.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could realize our most basic aspiration
Dialogue: 0,0:14:17.33,0:14:19.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of healthcare.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:19.12,0:14:22.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I had been at Legal Services for about nine months
Dialogue: 0,0:14:22.33,0:14:25.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when this idea of Health Leads started percolating in my mind.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:25.07,0:14:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I knew I had to tell Jeff Purcell, my attorney,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.00,0:14:29.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I needed to leave.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:29.42,0:14:30.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I was so nervous,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:30.38,0:14:32.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I thought he was going to be disappointed in me
Dialogue: 0,0:14:32.92,0:14:35.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for abandoning our clients for some crazy idea.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.97,0:14:37.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I sat down with him and I said,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.95,0:14:39.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Jeff, I have this idea
Dialogue: 0,0:14:39.83,0:14:42.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we could mobilize college students
Dialogue: 0,0:14:42.25,0:14:45.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to address patients' most basic health needs."
Dialogue: 0,0:14:45.19,0:14:46.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I'll be honest,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:46.77,0:14:50.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all I wanted was for him to not be angry at me.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:50.07,0:14:51.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But he said this,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:51.53,0:14:54.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Rebecca, when you have a vision,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:54.88,0:14:58.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have an obligation to realize that vision.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:58.73,0:15:01.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You must pursue that vision."
Dialogue: 0,0:15:01.83,0:15:05.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I have to say, I was like "Whoa.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:05.10,0:15:07.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's a lot of pressure."
Dialogue: 0,0:15:07.12,0:15:08.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I just wanted a blessing,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:08.52,0:15:10.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I didn't want some kind of mandate.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:10.07,0:15:11.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the truth is
Dialogue: 0,0:15:11.63,0:15:14.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've spent every waking minute nearly since then
Dialogue: 0,0:15:14.42,0:15:16.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,chasing that vision.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:16.20,0:15:19.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I believe that we all have a vision
Dialogue: 0,0:15:19.38,0:15:21.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for healthcare in this country.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:21.28,0:15:23.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I believe that at the end of the day
Dialogue: 0,0:15:23.48,0:15:25.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we measure our healthcare,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:25.32,0:15:28.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it will not be by the diseases cured,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:28.13,0:15:30.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but by the diseases prevented.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:30.65,0:15:33.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It will not be by the excellence of our technologies
Dialogue: 0,0:15:33.67,0:15:36.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the sophistication of our specialists,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:36.17,0:15:38.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but by how rarely we needed them.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:38.97,0:15:40.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And most of all,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:40.45,0:15:42.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I believe that when we measure healthcare,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:42.97,0:15:45.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it will be, not by what the system was,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:45.65,0:15:48.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but by what we chose it to be.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:48.42,0:15:49.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:49.48,0:15:59.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:15:59.73,0:16:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:01.01,0:16:10.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)