0:00:04.082,0:00:08.010
When morning comes, Odysseus is luckily[br]still alive.

0:00:08.221,0:00:14.039
That ember that fire brand that's tucked[br]underneath the ashes in our simile really

0:00:14.039,0:00:18.078
does survive until the next morning and[br]the fire gets going.

0:00:19.197,0:00:23.024
Odysseus is off.[br]He comes up out of his leaves and when he

0:00:23.024,0:00:26.097
does, he sees this scene in front of[br]amazing beauty.

0:00:27.222,0:00:32.045
These young women washing laundry at[br]nearby edge of the river.

0:00:32.045,0:00:38.304
And, if you've ever been looking for or,[br]or, in the, in your wider experience run

0:00:38.304,0:00:44.652
across a situation where young women are[br]characterized as being exciting, in an

0:00:44.652,0:00:50.477
erotic way, around a pond or a river or a[br]spring, this is the archetypical example

0:00:50.477,0:00:57.005
of such a thing in western literature.[br]There they are, these beautiful young

0:00:57.005,0:01:02.811
girls busy with their laundry during the[br]day and here's this grizzled man who sees

0:01:02.811,0:01:09.037
what's happening and is, you know, in[br]congruent situation with them, the flower

0:01:09.037,0:01:14.366
of their youth and his own near death kind[br]of situation.

0:01:14.673,0:01:20.467
And the transition between Book five and[br]six, we make an important change where,

0:01:20.467,0:01:24.053
where we've seen Odysseus suffering[br]through Book five.

0:01:24.056,0:01:27.095
We're going to see him through Book six[br]and beyond endure.

0:01:28.187,0:01:33.005
There are trials and tribulations that he[br]has been subject to and really the

0:01:33.005,0:01:36.257
bottoming hell point is where we just[br]ended in Book five.

0:01:36.258,0:01:41.602
This is of a long series of not just what[br]happened on Ogygia or sorry, on yeah, on

0:01:41.602,0:01:46.088
Ogygia with Callypso and not just what[br]happened with Poseidon and the storm and

0:01:46.088,0:01:49.084
him washing up on the shore of the Island[br]of Scheria.

0:01:49.084,0:01:52.089
But, of all the things that happened[br]before that.

0:01:52.089,0:01:56.000
It's been, it's been a long, long period[br]of suffering.

0:01:56.187,0:02:00.327
Now, Odysseus is going to, we're going to[br]see him endure, bear up from that

0:02:00.327,0:02:05.023
suffering, put things back together and[br]then get ready to take back his own

0:02:05.023,0:02:10.026
kingdom and take his own rightful place.[br]Well, we got a lot to do before then.

0:02:10.222,0:02:15.585
Through Book six, which we're going to[br]have a look at now, he's going to find his

0:02:15.585,0:02:20.517
first footing back in human society.[br]In Books seven and eight, he's going to

0:02:20.517,0:02:25.085
find his footing more stably in more[br]complex human society.

0:02:25.085,0:02:30.476
And then, from Book nine and forward,[br]we're going to see him take the reins and

0:02:30.664,0:02:35.028
display his hero-ness in lots of different[br]lots of different ways.

0:02:35.225,0:02:41.239
So here, Odysseus has got his life thank[br]goodness, he's made it through the night.

0:02:41.479,0:02:47.056
Now, he has to figure out what to do next.[br]Remember, that he is without clothes, he's

0:02:47.056,0:02:53.580
got to figure out a way to get clothes and[br]that's going to mean also, he's going to

0:02:53.580,0:02:58.054
have to regain his speech.[br]He finds near by him that these young

0:02:58.054,0:03:03.099
women are doing laundry, he's in an[br]embarrassing state, I'm actually standing

0:03:03.099,0:03:08.096
in between Nausicaa, Odysseus and Nausicaa[br]and in between here's Athena.

0:03:09.017,0:03:11.577
Oh, Athena, thanks for keeping an eye on[br]our hero.

0:03:11.737,0:03:15.786
And Odysseus is now utterly bereft of[br]everything, including clothes.

0:03:15.962,0:03:21.670
And the embarrassment of the situation and[br]the abject position that Odysseus is in,

0:03:21.670,0:03:25.348
bedraggled, starving, hungry, pummeled.[br]He, he has nothing.

0:03:25.348,0:03:30.284
He's, he's lost everything including his[br]own clothes, now he has to figure out a

0:03:30.284,0:03:33.572
way back in.[br]Well, first step is going to be, to find

0:03:33.572,0:03:38.189
some clothing to cover himself so he's[br]ready to join human society.

0:03:38.189,0:03:44.508
And, in order to do that, he's going to[br]have to have resort to and find back again

0:03:44.508,0:03:48.625
his way with words.[br]Words are Odysseus's friend.

0:03:48.625,0:03:54.603
He is a master of persuasion.[br]He is able to get people to do things for

0:03:54.603,0:04:02.107
him and he's able to make good alliances.[br]Odysseus is extremely capable in the arts

0:04:02.107,0:04:06.493
of language.[br]So, when he gets started there in, in Book

0:04:06.493,0:04:10.317
five, sorry, in Book six, he's got a[br]couple tasks.

0:04:10.317,0:04:14.927
First of all, make sure to make a[br]connection with this group of young girls

0:04:15.141,0:04:18.774
because he's going to need an ally,[br]someone to help him.

0:04:18.774,0:04:22.717
He, in, in this abject position has no way[br]to rejoin human society.

0:04:22.717,0:04:26.150
He needs to find a way and needs some help[br]to be able to do that.

0:04:26.277,0:04:30.415
The first thing that he's going to need is[br]clothes, in order to get those, he needs

0:04:30.415,0:04:34.078
to use his words.[br]So, he for, for, in both of these

0:04:34.078,0:04:41.631
situations, it's through Nausicaa and her,[br]her acolytes around her that he's going to

0:04:41.631,0:04:47.019
be able to, to get it done.[br]So, she sets a stage for him to regain his

0:04:47.019,0:04:52.743
speech and, and is a crucial sort of,[br]first connection with the rest of human

0:04:52.743,0:04:56.040
society.[br]Now, he needs to then persuade her.

0:04:56.040,0:05:01.812
And this leads us to our second universal[br]law, universal law number two, if you want

0:05:01.812,0:05:05.200
to persuade people, you should know your[br]audience.

0:05:05.200,0:05:09.307
You got to know your audience.[br]You can't just say all the stuff you might

0:05:09.307,0:05:14.772
want to say example, a person who was who[br]went through terrible suffering, probably

0:05:14.772,0:05:18.913
just wants to say, oh, my gosh, I'm so[br]glad I saw you, I can't wait, you know,

0:05:18.913,0:05:23.043
let me tell you all my stuff.[br]Let me unburden you with all the awful

0:05:23.043,0:05:27.039
things that I've been through.[br]But Odysseus knows not to do that.

0:05:27.039,0:05:32.016
He needs to get inside of the head of his[br]audience, which is this young woman

0:05:32.016,0:05:35.031
Nausicaa.[br]And what he does is look for ways to make

0:05:35.031,0:05:39.030
her feel good.[br]So, flattery is a great way to start a

0:05:39.030,0:05:43.155
persuasive speech, charm.[br]Express yourself in a way that's honest to

0:05:43.155,0:05:46.488
your own situation.[br]So, Odysseus doesn't come in with a kind

0:05:46.488,0:05:51.883
of swaggering well, you know, hello, I'm[br]this grand guy and maybe you don't believe

0:05:51.883,0:05:56.419
me, but I really am.[br]That kind of thing's not going to work,

0:05:56.419,0:05:59.304
right?[br]So, he comes in and, and knows this

0:05:59.304,0:06:05.469
audiences, this Odysseus learning people's[br]minds and he sets right up with a speech

0:06:05.469,0:06:11.050
that he knows is going to help soften her[br]with respect to her ability to make a

0:06:11.050,0:06:15.018
connection with him.[br]So, he jumps in with flattery, and an

0:06:15.018,0:06:20.010
honest appraisal of his own situation[br]without overplaying what's already a very

0:06:20.010,0:06:23.407
weak hand.[br]In our translation pages 173 and 74, here

0:06:23.407,0:06:28.000
I am at your mercy, princess.[br]Are you a goddess or a mortal?

0:06:28.000,0:06:33.277
If one of the gods who rule the skies up[br]there, you're Artemis to the life, the

0:06:33.277,0:06:36.015
daughter of mighty Zeus.[br]I see her now.

0:06:36.015,0:06:40.242
Just look at your build, your bearing,[br]your lithe flowing grace.

0:06:40.429,0:06:46.731
He goes round the speech gets from the[br]flattery to positioning himself, talking

0:06:46.731,0:06:51.790
about what a lowly person he is.[br]And then, kinda drops a little hint at the

0:06:51.790,0:06:55.086
end of his speech.[br]I hope you get everything you want in

0:06:55.086,0:07:00.056
life, and may the gods bring you a[br]husband, a house, and lasting harmony.

0:07:00.056,0:07:03.519
Hint, hint.[br]Now, I'm, of course, Odysseus is thinking

0:07:03.519,0:07:07.011
no one to be starting making overtures to[br]this young woman.

0:07:07.149,0:07:11.072
But, he right away talks to her in ways[br]that in Greek society at the time, Homer

0:07:11.072,0:07:14.094
would have assumed a young woman wants to[br]be addressed.

0:07:14.094,0:07:19.037
You're beautiful, you must be a goddess,[br]your parents must be very proud, soon

0:07:19.037,0:07:21.089
enough you're going to be having a[br]husband.

0:07:21.089,0:07:25.730
And, well, you know, I'm this eligible[br]guy, just washed up on shore and let me

0:07:25.730,0:07:30.820
just speak to you about all those things[br]that some foreign man like me sees in this

0:07:30.820,0:07:34.342
beautiful young person like you, and goes[br]to that long list.

0:07:34.342,0:07:39.634
And he instantly wins over some affection[br]from her where her guard is dropped a

0:07:39.634,0:07:42.868
little.[br]She wants to help him, she's ready to give

0:07:42.868,0:07:45.795
him some clothes.[br]And notice that he doesn't come on real

0:07:45.795,0:07:51.032
strong, he just does it in a kind of meek[br]way, playing his weak hand in a way that's

0:07:51.032,0:07:55.063
appropriate to that weak hand.[br]And interestingly, that last little hint

0:07:55.063,0:07:59.070
that he tossed in on the marriage.[br]Remember, Athena herself, had planted a

0:07:59.070,0:08:03.844
seed of marriage in Nausicaa's mind when[br]he stirs her up to go wash her clothes,

0:08:04.041,0:08:08.499
page 196 in our translation.[br]Time for you to go out there, bring your,

0:08:08.682,0:08:14.243
bring your handmaids and go wash those[br]clothes, you're going to need them you

0:08:14.243,0:08:18.029
know, weddings around here.[br]We need to make sure we have clean

0:08:18.029,0:08:21.534
clothes.[br]So, the idea is already to plant Athena's

0:08:21.534,0:08:26.470
planting in Nausicaa's mind the idea that,[br]you know, some eligible man may someday

0:08:26.470,0:08:30.830
wash up on shore, that softens her heart[br]and makes her to ready to receive

0:08:30.830,0:08:34.056
Odysseus.[br]Now, when she does, this is the crucial

0:08:34.056,0:08:39.023
first step in Odysseus's design.[br]He needs to make an alliance to get

0:08:39.023,0:08:43.451
himself in to human society.[br]But that first alliance is itself a

0:08:43.451,0:08:46.341
microcosm of what human society's all[br]about.

0:08:46.498,0:08:50.935
We need people to need things.[br]As a great leader, as a great hero, the

0:08:50.935,0:08:55.675
hero provides those things to the people[br]that, that the hero meets.

0:08:55.675,0:09:01.381
And in doing so, carrying other people's[br]water that hero gets a chance to do other

0:09:01.381,0:09:06.438
kinds of things, to work themselves into[br]the kind of position of exultation in the

0:09:06.438,0:09:09.524
society that a hero should actually[br]receive.

0:09:09.524,0:09:15.182
But it's only because the hero earns it by[br]performing in a social situation the way

0:09:15.182,0:09:18.096
the hero is supposed to.[br]So, using his words, he's on his way

0:09:18.096,0:09:23.015
getting something back, he's been able to[br]clothe himself now with rudimentary

0:09:23.015,0:09:24.636
clothes.[br]He's made a quick alliance with, with

0:09:24.636,0:09:29.695
Nausicaa in such a way that will help her,[br]and now he's going to be on his way to his

0:09:29.695,0:09:33.065
next stages on his journey.[br]The scene that we have just witnessed with

0:09:33.065,0:09:37.089
Odysseus washing up on shore is one that[br]we're going to learn as something that is

0:09:37.089,0:09:41.501
common in Odysseus's experience.[br]When we go and hear the back story, all

0:09:41.501,0:09:45.800
the adventures he's already been through[br]by the time he makes it to Nausicaa, a

0:09:45.800,0:09:49.500
very standard part of this is Odysseus[br]washing up on an unknown shore.

0:09:49.500,0:09:54.770
And, he may well wash up on that shore in[br]a terrible situation with no, almost no

0:09:54.770,0:09:58.101
life left in him.[br]He may wash up with a scout boat, he may

0:09:58.101,0:10:01.549
wash up with a whole tribe of men trying[br]to conquer a land.

0:10:01.549,0:10:06.755
But Odysseus arriving on an unknown shore[br]is a way that many of his, his adventures

0:10:06.755,0:10:10.069
are going to start.[br]And then, the next piece we are going to

0:10:10.069,0:10:14.500
see in looking forward to Book seven,[br]Odysseus is going to now make his journey

0:10:14.673,0:10:19.718
from the far reaches, far away from a city[br]center, he's going to make his journey

0:10:19.718,0:10:23.485
into a city center.[br]Another standard and type of the kind of

0:10:23.485,0:10:27.095
action we see Odysseus undertake.[br]Movement from the periphery into the

0:10:27.095,0:10:30.056
center.[br]That's something that we'll see in our

0:10:30.056,0:10:51.039
next lecture and I look forward to talking[br]with you about it at that time.