[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Music)
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These bees are in my backyard
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Berkeley, California.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Until last year,\NI'd never kept bees before,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but National Geographic asked me\Nto photograph a story about them,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I decided to be able\Nto take compelling images,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I should start keeping bees myself.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as you may know,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bees pollinate one third\Nof our food crops,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and lately they've been having\Na really hard time.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So as a photographer, I wanted to explore\Nwhat this problem really looks like.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I'm going to show you\NWhat I found over the last year.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This furry little creature
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a fresh young bee halfway emerged
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from its brood cell,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and bees right now are dealing\Nwith several different problems,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including pesticides, diseases,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and habitat loss,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the single greatest threat\Nis a parasitic mite from Asia,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Varroa destructor.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this pinhead-sized mite\Ncrawls onto young bees
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and sucks their blood.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This eventually destroys the hive
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it weakens\Nthe immune system of the bees,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it makes them more vulnerable\Nto stress and disease.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, bees are the most sensitive
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when they're developing\Ninside their brood cells,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I wanted to know\Nwhat that process really looks like,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I teamed up with a bee lab at UC Davis
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and figured out how to raise bees\Nin front of a camera.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to show you\Nthe first 21 days of a bee's life
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,condensed into 60 seconds.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a bee egg\Nas it hatches into a larva,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and those newly hatched larva
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,swim around their cells
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,feeding on this white goo
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that nurse bees secrete for them.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then, their head and their legs
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,slowly differentiate
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as they transform into pupae.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's that same pupation process,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you can actually see the mites\Nrunning around in the cells.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then the tissue in their body reorganizes
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the pigment slowly\Ndevelops in their eyes.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The last step of the process
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is their skin shrivels up
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they sprout hair.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Music)
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So -- (Applause)
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So as you can see\Nhalfway through that video,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the mites were running around\Non the baby bees,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the way that beekeepers\Ntypically manage these mites
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is they treat their hives with chemicals.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the long run, that's bad news,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so researchers are working\Non finding alternatives
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to control these mites.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is one of those alternatives.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's an experimental breeding program\Nat the USDA Bee Lab in Baton Rouge,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this queen and her attendant bees\Nare part of that program.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, the researchers figured out
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that some of the bees have\Na natural ability to fight mites,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so they set out to breed\Na line of mite-resistant bees.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is what it takes\Nto breed bees in a lab.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The virgin queen is sedated
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then artificially inseminated\Nusing this precision instrument.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, this procedure allows the researchers
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to control exactly\Nwhich bees are being crossed,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but there's a tradeoff\Nin having this much control.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They succeeded in breeding\Nmite-resistant bees,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but in that process, those bees\Nstarted to lose traits
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like their gentleness
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and their ability to store honey,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so to overcome that problem,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these researchers are now collaborating\Nwith commercial beekeepers.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is Bret Adee opening\None of his 72,000 bee hives.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He and his brother run the largest\Nbeekeeping operation in the world,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the USDA is integrating
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their mite-resistant bees
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into his operation
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the hope that over time,\Nthey'll be able to select
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the bees that are not only mite-resistant
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also retain all of these qualities
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that make them useful to us.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And to say it like that
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,makes it sound like we're manipulating\Nand exploiting bees,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the truth is, we've been doing that\Nfor thousands of years.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We took this wild creature
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and put it inside of a box,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,practically domesticating it,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and originally that was\Nso that we could harvest their honey,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but over time we started losing\Nour native pollinators,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our wild pollinators,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there are many places now\Nwhere those wild pollinators
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can no longer meet the pollination\Ndemands of our agriculture,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so these managed bees have become\Nan integral part of our food system.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when people talk about saving bees,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my interpretation of that
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is we need to save\Nour relationship to bees,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in order to design new solutions,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have to understand\Nthe basic biology bees
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and understand the effects
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of stressors that we sometimes cannot see.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In other words, we have\Nto understand bees up close.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)