[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.28,0:00:03.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is an image of the planet Earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.18,0:00:06.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It looks very much like the Apollo pictures
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.27,0:00:07.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are very well known.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.88,0:00:09.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is something different;
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.95,0:00:11.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can click on it,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.40,0:00:12.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if you click on it,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.60,0:00:15.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can zoom in on almost any place on the Earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.67,0:00:17.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For instance, this is a bird's-eye view
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.67,0:00:20.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the EPFL campus.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.33,0:00:22.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In many cases, you can also see
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.44,0:00:26.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how a building looks from a nearby street.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.18,0:00:27.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is pretty amazing.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.60,0:00:31.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there's something missing in this wonderful tour:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.03,0:00:33.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's time.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.22,0:00:36.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,i'm not really sure when this picture was taken.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.29,0:00:37.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm not even sure it was taken
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.70,0:00:43.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the same moment as the bird's-eye view.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.78,0:00:45.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In my lab, we develop tools
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.99,0:00:47.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to travel not only in space
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.76,0:00:50.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also through time.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.32,0:00:52.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The kind of question we're asking is
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.18,0:00:53.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is it possible to build something
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.58,0:00:55.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like Google Maps of the past?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.76,0:00:59.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can I add a slider on top of Google Maps
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.07,0:01:00.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and just change the year,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.87,0:01:02.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,seeing how it was 100 years before,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.66,0:01:04.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1,000 years before?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.33,0:01:06.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is that possible?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.45,0:01:08.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can I reconstruct social networks of the past?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.70,0:01:11.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can I make a Facebook of the Middle Ages?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.75,0:01:15.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, can I build time machines?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.53,0:01:18.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe we can just say, "No, it's not possible."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.09,0:01:21.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or, maybe, we can think of it from an information point of view.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.90,0:01:25.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is what I call the information mushroom.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.09,0:01:26.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Vertically, you have the time.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.68,0:01:29.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and horizontally, the amount of digital information available.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.42,0:01:32.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Obviously, in the last 10 years, we have much information.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.90,0:01:36.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And obviously the more we go in the past, the less information we have.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.45,0:01:38.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we want to build something like Google Maps of the past,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.76,0:01:40.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or Facebook of the past,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.26,0:01:41.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we need to enlarge this space,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.83,0:01:43.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we need to make that like a rectangle.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.77,0:01:45.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do we do that?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.28,0:01:47.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One way is digitization.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.40,0:01:49.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a lot of material available --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.19,0:01:55.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,newspaper, printed books, thousands of printed books.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.46,0:01:57.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can digitize all these.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.23,0:01:59.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can extract information from these.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.96,0:02:03.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course, the more you go in the past,\Nthe less information you will have.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.51,0:02:06.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, it might not be enough.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.15,0:02:08.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I can do what historians do.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.56,0:02:10.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can extrapolate.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.09,0:02:14.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is what we call, in computer science, simulation.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.56,0:02:16.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If I take a log book,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.31,0:02:18.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can consider, it's not just a log book
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.71,0:02:21.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a Venetian captain going to a particular journey.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.68,0:02:23.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can consider it is actually a log book
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.33,0:02:25.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is representative of\Nmany journeys of that period.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.91,0:02:28.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm extrapolating.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.15,0:02:30.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If I have a painting of a facade,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.19,0:02:32.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can consider it's not just that particular building,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.94,0:02:36.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but probably it also shares the same grammar
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.87,0:02:40.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of buildings where we lost any information.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.92,0:02:43.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if we want to construct a time machine,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.77,0:02:45.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we need two things.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.11,0:02:47.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need very large archives,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.35,0:02:50.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we need excellent specialists.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.09,0:02:51.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Venice Time Machine,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.96,0:02:53.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the project I'm going to talk to you about,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.77,0:02:56.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a joint project between the EPFL
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.79,0:02:59.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the University of Venice Ca'Foscari.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.76,0:03:01.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's something very peculiar about Venice,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.93,0:03:04.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that its administration has been
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.60,0:03:06.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very, very bureaucratic.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.80,0:03:08.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They've been keeping track of everything,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.99,0:03:11.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,almost like Google today.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.91,0:03:13.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the Archivio di Stato,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.42,0:03:15.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have 80 kilometers of archives
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.18,0:03:17.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,documenting every aspect
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.19,0:03:19.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the life of Venice over\Nmore than 1,000 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.44,0:03:21.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have every boat that goes out,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.36,0:03:22.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every boat that comes in.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.44,0:03:25.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have every change that was made in the city.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.23,0:03:28.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is all there.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.52,0:03:32.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are setting up a 10-year digitization program
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.43,0:03:34.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which has the objective of transforming
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.11,0:03:35.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this immense archive
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.49,0:03:37.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into a giant information system.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.92,0:03:39.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The type of objective we want to reach
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.78,0:03:44.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is 450 books a day that can be digitized.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.50,0:03:46.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course, when you digitize, that's not enough,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.75,0:03:48.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because these documents,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.04,0:03:50.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,most of them are in Latin, in Tuscan,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.69,0:03:52.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Venetian dialect,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.20,0:03:53.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so you need to transcribe them,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.88,0:03:55.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to translate them in some cases,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.56,0:03:56.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to index them,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.68,0:03:58.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is obviously not easy.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.84,0:04:02.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In particular, traditional optical\Ncharacter recognition method
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.69,0:04:04.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can be used for printed manuscripts,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.11,0:04:08.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they do not work well on the handwritten document.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.12,0:04:10.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the solution is actually to take inspiration
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.25,0:04:13.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from another domain: speech recognition.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.15,0:04:15.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a domain of something \Nthat seems impossible,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.20,0:04:17.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which can actually be done,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.74,0:04:19.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,simply by putting additional constraints.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.93,0:04:21.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you have a very good model
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.52,0:04:23.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a language which is used,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.04,0:04:25.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you have a very good model of a document,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.13,0:04:26.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how well they are structured.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.56,0:04:27.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And these are administrative documents.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.93,0:04:30.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are well structured in many cases.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.06,0:04:33.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you divide this huge archive into smaller subsets
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.37,0:04:36.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where a smaller subset\Nactually shares similar features,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.25,0:04:40.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then there's a chance of success.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.76,0:04:45.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we reach that stage, then there's something else:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.20,0:04:48.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can extract from this document events.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.72,0:04:51.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Actually probably 10 billion events
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.02,0:04:52.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can be extracted from this archive.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.95,0:04:54.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this giant information system
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.67,0:04:56.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can be searched in many ways.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.49,0:04:57.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can ask questions like,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.86,0:05:00.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Who lived in this palazzo in 1323?"
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.62,0:05:02.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"How much cost a sea bream at the Realto market
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.84,0:05:04.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in 1434?"
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.56,0:05:06.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"What was the salary
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.02,0:05:08.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a glass maker in Murano
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.07,0:05:09.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe over a decade?"
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.47,0:05:10.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can ask even bigger questions
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.89,0:05:13.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it will be semantically coded.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.63,0:05:15.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then what you can do is put that in space,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.77,0:05:17.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because much of this information is spatial.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.94,0:05:19.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And from that, you can do things like
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.88,0:05:21.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reconstructing this extraordinary journey
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.99,0:05:25.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of that city that managed to\Nhave a sustainable development
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.35,0:05:27.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over a thousand years,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.48,0:05:29.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,managing to have all the time
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.10,0:05:31.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a form of equilibrium with its environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.96,0:05:33.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can reconstruct that journey,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.20,0:05:36.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,visualize it in many different ways.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.10,0:05:38.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But of course, you cannot understand \NVenice if you just look at the city.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.80,0:05:41.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have to put it in a larger European context.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.20,0:05:44.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the idea is also to document all the things
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.02,0:05:46.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that worked at the European level.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.44,0:05:48.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can reconstruct also the journey
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.40,0:05:50.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the Venetian maritime empire,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.39,0:05:53.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how it progressively controlled the Adriatic Sea,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.56,0:05:57.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how it became the most powerful medieval empire
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.30,0:05:58.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of its time,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.87,0:06:01.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,controlling most of the sea routes
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.04,0:06:03.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the east to the south.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.30,0:06:07.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But you can even do other things,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.62,0:06:09.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because in these maritime routes,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.90,0:06:11.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are regular patterns.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.89,0:06:14.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can go one step beyond
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.38,0:06:16.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and actually create a simulation system,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.50,0:06:19.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,create a Mediterranean simulator
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.32,0:06:21.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is capable actually of reconstructing
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.91,0:06:24.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even the information we are missing,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.11,0:06:27.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which would enable us to have \Nquestions you could ask
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.10,0:06:30.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like if you were using a route planner.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.09,0:06:33.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"If I am in Corfu in June 1323
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.16,0:06:35.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and want to go to Constantinople,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.68,0:06:37.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where can I take a boat?"
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.83,0:06:39.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Probably we can answer this question
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.20,0:06:43.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with one or two or three days' precision.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.67,0:06:45.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"How much will it cost?"
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.28,0:06:48.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"What are the chance of encountering pirates?"
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.87,0:06:50.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course, you understand,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.68,0:06:53.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the central scientific challenge\Nof a project like this one
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.29,0:06:57.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is qualifying, quantifying and representing
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.02,0:07:00.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,uncertainty and inconsistency\Nat each step of this process.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.35,0:07:03.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are errors everywhere,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.06,0:07:05.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,errors in the document, it's\Nthe wrong name of the captain,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.55,0:07:08.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of the boats never actually took to sea.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.76,0:07:13.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are errors in translation, interpretative biases,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.62,0:07:17.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and on top of that, if you add algorithmic processes,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.09,0:07:20.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're going to have errors in recognition,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.04,0:07:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,errors in extraction,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.00,0:07:26.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so you have very, very uncertain data.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.48,0:07:30.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how can we detect and\Ncorrect these inconsistencies?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.24,0:07:33.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How can we represent that form of uncertainty?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.90,0:07:35.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's difficult. One thing you can do
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.100,0:07:38.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is document each step of the process,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.22,0:07:40.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not only coding the historical information
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.67,0:07:43.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but what we call the meta-historical information,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.35,0:07:46.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how is historical knowledge constructed,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.01,0:07:48.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,documenting each step.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.01,0:07:49.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That will not guarantee that we actually converge
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.65,0:07:52.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,toward a single story of Venice,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.10,0:07:54.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but probably we can actually reconstruct
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.24,0:07:57.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a fully documented potential story of Venice.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.29,0:07:58.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe there's not a single map.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.75,0:08:00.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe there are several maps.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.87,0:08:03.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The system should allow for that,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.08,0:08:05.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we have to deal with\Na new form of uncertainty,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.94,0:08:10.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is really new for this type of giant databases.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.58,0:08:12.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And how should we communicate
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.79,0:08:16.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this new research to a large audience?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.77,0:08:19.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Again, Venice is extraordinary for that.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.43,0:08:21.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With the millions of visitors that come every year,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.60,0:08:23.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's actually one of the best places
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.37,0:08:26.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to try to invent the museum of the future.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.35,0:08:29.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Imagine, horizontally you see the reconstructed map
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.66,0:08:30.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a given year,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.94,0:08:33.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and vertically, you see the document
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.90,0:08:35.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that served the reconstruction,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.41,0:08:38.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,paintings, for instance.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.81,0:08:41.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Imagine an immersive system that permits
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.39,0:08:44.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to go and dive and reconstruct\Nthe Venice of a given year,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.90,0:08:47.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some experience you could share within a group.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.61,0:08:49.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the contrary, imagine actually that you start
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.86,0:08:52.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from a document, a Venetian manuscript,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.06,0:08:55.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you show, actually, what\Nyou can construct out of it,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.11,0:08:56.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how it is decoded,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.88,0:08:59.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how the context of that document can be recreated.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.30,0:09:01.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is an image from an exhibit
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.18,0:09:03.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is currently conducted in Geneva
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.46,0:09:05.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with that type of system.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.81,0:09:07.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So to conclude, we can say that
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.99,0:09:11.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,research in the humanities is about to undergo
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.07,0:09:12.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an evolution which is maybe similar
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.87,0:09:17.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to what happened to life sciences 30 years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.45,0:09:22.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's really a question of scale.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.13,0:09:25.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We see projects which are
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.43,0:09:29.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,much beyond any single research team can do,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.28,0:09:31.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is really new for the humanities,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.52,0:09:35.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which very often take the habit of working
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.39,0:09:39.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in small groups or only with a couple of researchers.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.40,0:09:41.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you visit the Archivio di Stato,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.51,0:09:44.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you feel this is beyond what any single team can do,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.34,0:09:48.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that should be a joint and common effort.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.17,0:09:51.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what we must do for this paradigm shift
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.28,0:09:53.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is actually foster a new generation
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.18,0:09:54.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of "digital humanists"
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.72,0:09:56.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are going to be ready for this shift.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.80,0:09:58.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I thank you very much.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.76,0:10:02.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)