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Hi everyone.

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The world's largest and most devastating[br]environmental and industrial project

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is situated in the heart of the largest[br]and most intact forest in the world,

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Canada's boreal forest.

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It stretches right across[br]Northern Canada, in Labrador,

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it's home to the largest remaining[br]wild caribou herd in the world:

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the George River caribou herd,

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numbering approximately 400,000 animals.

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Unfortunately, when I was there,[br]I couldn't find one of them,

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but you have the antlers as proof.

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All across the boreal,

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we're blessed with this incredible[br]abundance of wetlands.

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Wetlands, globally, are one[br]of the most endangered ecosystems.

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They're absolutely critical ecosystems,

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they clean air, they clean water,

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they sequester large amounts[br]of greenhouse gases,

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and they're home[br]to a huge diversity of species.

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In the boreal, they are also the home

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where almost 50 percent of the 800 bird[br]species found in North America

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migrate north to breed[br]and raise their young.

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In Ontario, the boreal marches down south[br]to the north shore of Lake Superior.

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And these incredibly[br]beautiful boreal forests

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were the inspiration for some of the most[br]famous art in Canadian history,

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the Group of Seven[br]were very inspired by this landscape,

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and so the boreal is not just a really key[br]part of our natural heritage,

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but also an important part[br]of our cultural heritage.

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In Manitoba, this is an image[br]from the east side of Lake Winnipeg,

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and this is the home of the newly[br]designated UNESCO Cultural Heritage site.

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In Saskatchewan,[br]as across all of the boreal,

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home to some of our most famous rivers,

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an incredible network of rivers and lakes[br]that every school-age child learns about,

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the Peace, the Athabasca,[br]the Churchill here, the Mackenzie,

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and these networks[br]were the historical routes

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for the voyageur and the coureur de bois,

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the first non-aboriginal[br]explorers of Northern Canada

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that, taking from[br]the First Nations people,

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used canoes and paddled to explore

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for a trade route,[br]a Northwest Passage for the fur trade.

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In the North, the boreal[br]is bordered by the tundra,

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and just below that, in Yukon,

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we have this incredible valley,[br]the Tombstone Valley.

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And the Tombstone Valley is home[br]to the Porcupine caribou herd.

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Now you've probably heard[br]about the Porcupine caribou herd

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in the context of its breeding ground[br]in Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.

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Well, the wintering ground[br]is also critical

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and it also is not protected,

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and is potentially, could be potentially,[br]exploited for gas and mineral rights.

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The western border of the boreal[br]in British Columbia

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is marked by the Coast Mountains,

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and on the other side of those mountains

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is the greatest remaining[br]temperate rainforest in the world,

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the Great Bear Rainforest,

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and we'll discuss that in a few minutes[br]in a bit more detail.

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All across the boreal,

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it's home for a huge incredible range[br]of indigenous peoples,

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and a rich and varied culture.

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And I think that one of the reasons

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why so many of these groups have[br]retained a link to the past,

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know their native languages,

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the songs, the dances, the traditions,

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I think part of that reason[br]is because of the remoteness,

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the span and the wilderness

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of this almost 95 percent[br]intact ecosystem.

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And I think particularly now,

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as we see ourselves in a time[br]of environmental crisis,

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we can learn so much from these people

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who have lived so sustainably[br]in this ecosystem

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for over 10,000 years.

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In the heart of this ecosystem[br]is the very antithesis

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of all of these values[br]that we've been talking about,

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and I think these[br]are some of the core values

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that make us proud to be Canadians.

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This is the Alberta tar sands,

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the largest oil reserves on the planet[br]outside of Saudi Arabia.

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Trapped underneath the boreal forest[br]and wetlands of northern Alberta

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are these vast reserves[br]of this sticky, tar-like bitumen.

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And the mining[br]and the exploitation of that

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is creating devastation on a scale[br]that the planet has never seen before.

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I want to try to convey[br]some sort of a sense of the size of this.

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If you look at that truck there,

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it is the largest truck[br]of its kind on the planet.

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It is a 400-ton-capacity dump truck

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and its dimensions are 45 feet long[br]by 35 feet wide and 25 feet high.

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If I stand beside that truck,

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my head comes to around the bottom[br]of the yellow part of that hubcap.

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Within the dimensions of that truck,

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you could build a 3,000-square-foot[br]two-story home quite easily.

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I did the math.

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So instead of thinking of that as a truck,[br]think of that as a 3,000-square-foot home.

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That's not a bad size home.

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And line those trucks / homes[br]back and forth

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across there from the bottom[br]all the way to the top.

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And then think of how large[br]that very small section of one mine is.

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Now, you can apply that same kind[br]of thinking here as well.

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Now, here you see...[br]Of course, as you go further on,

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these trucks become like a pixel.

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Again, imagine those[br]all back and forth there.

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How large is that one portion of a mine?

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That would be a huge,[br]vast metropolitan area,

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probably much larger[br]than the city of Victoria.

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And this is just one of a number of mines,

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10 mines so far right now.

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This is one section of one mining complex,

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and there are about another 40 or 50[br]in the approval process.

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No tar sands mine has actually[br]ever been denied approval,

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so it is essentially a rubber stamp.

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The other method of extraction[br]is what's called the in situ.

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And here, massive amounts of water

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are superheated and pumped[br]through the ground,

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through these vasts networks of pipelines,

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seismic lines, drill paths,[br]compressor stations.

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And even though this looks[br]maybe not quite as repugnant as the mines,

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it's even more damaging in some ways.

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It impacts and fragments[br]a larger part of the wilderness,

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where there is 90 percent[br]reduction of key species,

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like woodland caribou and grizzly bears,

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and it consumes[br]even more energy, more water,

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and produces at least[br]as much greenhouse gas.

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So these in situ developments are at least[br]as ecologically damaging as the mines.

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The oil produced from either method

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produces more greenhouse gas[br]emissions than any other oil.

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This is one of the reasons[br]why it's called the world's dirtiest oil.

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It's also one of the reasons

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why it is the largest and fastest-growing[br]single source of carbon in Canada,

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and it is also a reason[br]why Canada is now number three

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in terms of producing carbon per person.

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The tailings ponds are the largest toxic[br]impoundments on the planet.

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Oil sands... or rather,[br]I should say tar sands...

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Oil sands is a PR-created term

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so that the oil companies[br]wouldn't be trying to promote something

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that sounds like a sticky tar-like[br]substance that's the world's dirtiest oil.

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So they decided to call it oil sands.

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The tar sands consume more water[br]than any other oil process,

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three to five barrels of water[br]are taken, polluted

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and then returned into tailings ponds,

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the largest toxic[br]impoundments on the planet.

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SemCrude, just one of the licensees,[br]in just one of their tailings ponds,

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dumps 250,000 tons[br]of this toxic gunk every single day.

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That's creating the largest toxic[br]impoundments in the history of the planet.

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So far, this is enough toxin to cover[br]the face of Lake Erie a foot deep.

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And the tailings ponds[br]range in size up to 9,000 acres.

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That's two-thirds the size[br]of the entire island of Manhattan.

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That's like from Wall Street[br]at the southern edge of Manhattan

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up to maybe 120th Street.

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So this is one of the larger[br]tailings ponds.

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This might be, what? I don't know,[br]half the size of Manhattan.

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And you can see in the context,

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it's just a relatively small section[br]of one of 10 mining complexes

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and another 40 to 50[br]on stream to be approved soon.

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And of course, these tailings ponds...

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Well, you can't see[br]many ponds from outer space

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and you can see these, so maybe[br]we should stop calling them ponds...

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These massive toxic wastelands are built

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unlined and on the banks[br]of the Athabasca River.

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And the Athabasca River drains downstream[br]to a range of aboriginal communities.

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In Fort Chipewyan, the 800 people there,[br]are finding toxins in the food chain,

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this has been scientifically proven.

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The tar sands toxins[br]are in the food chain,

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and this is causing cancer[br]rates up to 10 times

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what they are in the rest of Canada.

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In spite of that, people have to live,[br]have to eat this food in order to survive.

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The incredibly high price of flying food

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into these remote[br]Northern aboriginal communities

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and the high rate of unemployment

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makes this an absolute[br]necessity for survival.

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And not that many years ago,[br]I was lent a boat by a First Nations man,

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and he said, "When you[br]go out on the river,

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do not under any[br]circumstances eat the fish.

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It's carcinogenic."

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And yet, on the front porch[br]of that man's cabin,

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I saw four fish.

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He had to feed his family to survive.

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And as a parent, I just can't imagine[br]what that does to your soul.

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And that's what we're doing.

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The boreal forest[br]is also perhaps our best defense

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against global warming and climate change.

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The boreal forest sequesters more carbon[br]than any other terrestrial ecosystem.

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And this is absolutely key.

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So what we're doing is,

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we're taking the most concentrated[br]greenhouse gas sink...

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Twice as much greenhouse[br]gases are sequestered

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in the boreal per acre[br]than the tropical rainforests.

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And what we're doing is we're destroying

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this carbon sink,[br]turning it into a carbon bomb.

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And we're replacing that[br]with the largest industrial project

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in the history of the world,

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which is producing the most high-carbon[br]greenhouse-gas emitting oil in the world.

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And we're doing this on the second largest[br]oil reserves on the planet.

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This is one of the reasons why Canada,[br]originally a climate change hero...

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We were one of the first[br]signatories of the Kyoto Accord.

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Now we're the country[br]that has full-time lobbyists

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in the European Union and Washington DC,

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threatening trade wars

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when these countries talk about wanting[br]to bring in positive legislation

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to limit the import of high-carbon fuels,

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of greenhouse gas emissions,[br]anything like this,

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at international conferences,[br]whether they're in Copenhagen or Cancun,

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international conferences[br]on climate change,

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we're the country that gets[br]the dinosaur award every single day,

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as being the biggest[br]obstacle to progress on this issue.

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Just 70 miles downstream

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is the world's largest freshwater delta,[br]the Peace-Athabasca Delta,

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the only one at the juncture[br]of all four migratory flyways.

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This is a globally significant wetland,[br]perhaps the greatest on the planet.

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Incredible habitat[br]for half the bird species

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you find in North America, migrating here.

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And also the last refuge[br]for the largest herd of wild bison,

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and also, of course, critical habitat[br]for another whole range of other species.

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But it too is being threatened

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by the massive amount of water[br]being drawn from the Athabasca,

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which feeds these wetlands,

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and also the incredible toxic burden

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of the largest toxic unlined[br]impoundments on the planet,

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which are leaching in to the food chain[br]for all the species downstream.

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So as bad as all that is, things are going[br]to get much worse... much, much worse.

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This is the infrastructure[br]as we see it about now.

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This is what's planned for 2015.

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And you can see here[br]the Keystone Pipeline,

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which would take tar sands raw[br]down to the Gulf Coast,

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punching a pipeline through[br]the agricultural heart of North America,

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of the United States,

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and securing the contract[br]with the dirtiest fuel in the world

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by consumption of the United States,

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and promoting a huge disincentive

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to a sustainable clean-energy[br]future for America.

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Here you see the route[br]down the Mackenzie valley.

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This would put a pipeline[br]to take natural gas from the Beaufort Sea

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through the heart of the third largest[br]watershed basin in the world,

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and the only one[br]which is 95 percent intact.

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And building a pipeline[br]with an industrial highway

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would change forever[br]this incredible wilderness,

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which is a true rarity[br]on the planet today.

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So the Great Bear Rainforest[br]is just over the hill there,

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within a few miles,[br]we go from these dry boreal forests

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of 100-year-old trees,[br]maybe 10 inches across,

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and soon, we're in the coastal[br]temperate rainforest,

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rain-drenched, 1,000-year-old trees,

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20 feet across, a completely[br]different ecosystem.

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And the Great Bear Rainforest[br]is generally considered to be

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the largest coastal temperate rainforest[br]ecosystem in the world.

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Some of the greatest densities

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of some of the most iconic[br]and threatened species on the planet.

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And yet there's a proposal,[br]of course, to build a pipeline

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to take huge tankers,[br]10 times the size of the Exxon Valdez,

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through some of the most[br]difficult-to-navigate waters in the world,

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where only just a few years ago,[br]a BC ferry ran aground.

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When one of these tar sands tankers,

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carrying the dirtiest oil,[br]10 times as much as the Exxon Valdez,

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eventually hits a rock and goes down,

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we're going to have[br]one of the worst ecological disasters

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this planet has ever seen.

0:14:27.999,0:14:31.079
And here we have the plan out to 2030.

0:14:31.103,0:14:35.656
What they're proposing is an almost[br]four-times increase in production,

0:14:35.680,0:14:38.955
and that would industrialize[br]an area the size of Florida.

0:14:40.771,0:14:45.603
In doing so, we'll be removing[br]a large part of our greatest carbon sink

0:14:46.127,0:14:51.605
and replacing it with the most high[br]greenhouse-gas emission oil in the future.

0:14:52.581,0:14:55.653
The world does not need[br]any more tar mines.

0:14:56.697,0:14:59.637
The world does not need any more pipelines

0:14:59.661,0:15:02.248
to wed our addiction to fossil fuels.

0:15:02.841,0:15:04.833
And the world certainly does not need

0:15:04.857,0:15:07.910
the largest toxic impoundments[br]to grow and multiply

0:15:07.934,0:15:10.187
and further threaten[br]the downstream communities.

0:15:10.211,0:15:12.207
And let's face it, we all live downstream

0:15:12.231,0:15:14.834
in an era of global warming[br]and climate change.

0:15:16.043,0:15:18.801
What we need, is we all need to act

0:15:18.825,0:15:23.497
to ensure that Canada respects[br]the massive amounts of freshwater

0:15:23.521,0:15:25.165
that we hold in this country.

0:15:25.956,0:15:28.281
We need to ensure[br]that these wetlands and forests

0:15:28.305,0:15:31.587
that are our best and greatest[br]and most critical defense

0:15:31.611,0:15:34.073
against global warming are protected,

0:15:34.097,0:15:37.630
and we are not releasing[br]that carbon bomb into the atmosphere.

0:15:38.557,0:15:43.688
And we need to all gather together[br]and say no to the tar sands.

0:15:43.712,0:15:44.863
And we can do that.

0:15:44.887,0:15:47.770
There is a huge network[br]all over the world,

0:15:47.794,0:15:49.517
fighting to stop this project.

0:15:50.040,0:15:51.834
And I quite simply think

0:15:51.858,0:15:55.724
that this is not something[br]that should be decided just in Canada.

0:15:55.748,0:15:58.028
Everyone in this room,[br]everyone across Canada,

0:15:58.052,0:16:00.013
everyone listening to this presentation

0:16:00.037,0:16:02.839
has a role to play[br]and, I think, a responsibility.

0:16:02.863,0:16:08.498
Because what we do here[br]is going to change our history,

0:16:08.522,0:16:11.215
it's going to color[br]our possibility to survive,

0:16:11.239,0:16:14.630
and for our children to survive[br]and have a rich future.

0:16:16.749,0:16:18.711
We have an incredible gift in the boreal,

0:16:18.735,0:16:23.843
an incredible opportunity to preserve[br]our best defense against global warming,

0:16:23.987,0:16:25.724
but we could let that slip away.

0:16:26.715,0:16:30.400
The tar sands could threaten[br]not just a large section of the boreal.

0:16:30.717,0:16:33.690
It compromises the life and the health

0:16:33.714,0:16:38.238
of some of our most underprivileged[br]and vulnerable people,

0:16:38.262,0:16:41.375
the aboriginal communities[br]that have so much to teach us.

0:16:42.131,0:16:44.709
It could destroy the Athabasca Delta,

0:16:44.733,0:16:48.574
the largest and possibly greatest[br]freshwater delta in the planet.

0:16:49.389,0:16:52.958
It could destroy[br]the Great Bear Rainforest,

0:16:52.982,0:16:55.375
the largest temperate[br]rainforest in the world.

0:16:55.817,0:16:57.825
And it could have huge impacts

0:16:57.849,0:17:01.810
on the future of the agricultural[br]heartland of North America.

0:17:02.337,0:17:05.531
I hope that you will all,[br]if you've been moved by this presentation,

0:17:05.555,0:17:08.334
join with the growing[br]international community

0:17:08.358,0:17:11.804
to get Canada to step up[br]to its responsibilities,

0:17:11.828,0:17:16.214
to convince Canada to go back[br]to being a climate change champion

0:17:16.238,0:17:17.971
instead of a climate change villain,

0:17:17.994,0:17:19.652
and to say no to the tar sands,

0:17:19.675,0:17:22.345
and yes to a clean energy future for all.

0:17:22.368,0:17:23.693
Thank you so much.

0:17:23.717,0:17:26.804
(Applause)