WEBVTT 00:02:18.959 --> 00:02:23.961 (2:19 D. Koller) Hi everyone! It's a real privilege for me to be able to speak with you 00:02:23.961 --> 00:02:29.162 and thank you all for the amazing contributions that you're all making 00:02:29.162 --> 00:02:34.216 toward making education accessible to a much, much larger number of people. 00:02:34.763 --> 00:02:39.234 I'd also like to start off by thanking not only you, the individual volunteers, 00:02:39.234 --> 00:02:43.604 but also the organizations that have been working with us here at Coursera 00:02:44.218 --> 00:02:48.808 to help you and to help us with this amazing project. 00:02:48.808 --> 00:02:54.048 And these include GUOKR in China, the Lemann Foundation in Brazil, 00:02:54.401 --> 00:02:59.372 ABBYY Language services in Russia, the Slim Foundation in Mexico 00:02:59.581 --> 00:03:04.714 and many other organizations that we hope will come on board soon and (unclear ...ully) 00:03:05.638 --> 00:03:08.808 or that are already with us in order to help this translation project. 00:03:09.603 --> 00:03:13.252 Coursera has always been an international platform. 00:03:13.252 --> 00:03:22.065 As it happens, both my co-founder Andrew Ng and myself are not originally from the United States. 00:03:22.065 --> 00:03:26.510 I grew up in Israel and Andrew grew up in Hong Kong and Singapore. 00:03:27.020 --> 00:03:33.772 And so, we've always realized the importance of having an effort that spans the globe 00:03:33.772 --> 00:03:36.205 and appeals -- and that's accessible to everyone. 00:03:37.542 --> 00:03:41.038 In fact, even from the earliest days of the MOOC effort, 00:03:41.631 --> 00:03:49.240 we had only 40% of the audience from the United States, 60% from outside the United States. 00:03:49.240 --> 00:03:54.068 And that fraction of people outside the United States has only been growing over time, 00:03:54.068 --> 00:03:58.784 where (check) now only a third of our audience comes from the United States. 00:03:59.317 --> 00:04:09.820 And so, we're really excited to have -- to be able to expand that reach to an even larger number of people. 00:04:10.385 --> 00:04:16.269 Half or more of our users are currently from countries where the primary language is not English. 00:04:16.786 --> 00:04:19.511 Now, this is pretty incredible when you think about this. 00:04:19.778 --> 00:04:21.601 Our courses are hard. 00:04:21.864 --> 00:04:26.247 They're hard even if you're listening to them in your native language. 00:04:26.520 --> 00:04:30.438 And if you're listening to them in a language where you have to simultaneously 00:04:30.438 --> 00:04:34.753 think about understanding what's being said as well as to understand the material, 00:04:34.753 --> 00:04:37.809 I mean, that's really an incredible challenge, 00:04:37.809 --> 00:04:43.858 and it's quite amazing that these many people have been able to deal with that, 00:04:43.858 --> 00:04:49.606 but at the same time, we realize that there's many many more for whom this is a barrier, 00:04:49.606 --> 00:04:55.100 that is, that their inability to simultaneously understand English and the content NOTE Paragraph 00:04:55.100 --> 00:04:59.557 prevents them from having the benefit of access to our courses. 00:05:00.492 --> 00:05:06.947 And so, because of that, we knew that we needed to make Coursera more accessible 00:05:06.947 --> 00:05:12.354 and a better place for learners all over the world, regardless of what their native language is. 00:05:12.651 --> 00:05:15.924 And so, we've been doing a number of things to help move that along, NOTE Paragraph 00:05:15.924 --> 00:05:20.865 we've been partnering with institutions that teach in native languages other than English, 00:05:20.865 --> 00:05:28.819 and currently, we have, I think, ten different -- nine different languages offered on the platform 00:05:28.819 --> 00:05:31.271 and we hope to increase both the number of languages 00:05:31.271 --> 00:05:34.421 as well as the number of courses in each of those languages, NOTE Paragraph 00:05:34.683 --> 00:05:39.066 to make a much broader range of content available to people. 00:05:39.840 --> 00:05:44.887 We've internationalized the user interface of the platform into six languages, NOTE Paragraph 00:05:44.887 --> 00:05:48.458 so as to make people whose native language is that language 00:05:48.458 --> 00:05:50.449 feel at home when they came onto the site. 00:05:50.750 --> 00:05:56.110 And now, in what I think is likely to be our biggest-impact project yet 00:05:56.405 --> 00:05:59.735 in terms of increasing access regardless of language barriers, 00:06:00.013 --> 00:06:02.698 we have the Global Translation Community project, 00:06:02.698 --> 00:06:07.378 lead by my amazing colleagues Sébastien and Eli, here 00:06:07.387 --> 00:06:10.310 and it's a -- all the credit goes to them, by the way. 00:06:11.867 --> 00:06:17.328 So, we've been just awe-struck by the passion and commitment 00:06:17.328 --> 00:06:22.775 that we've seen among all of you in joining this effort. 00:06:23.020 --> 00:06:30.482 And I know we've heard from many of you that for you, this is an opportunity to give something back 00:06:31.636 --> 00:06:39.312 but it's sort of, you know, I think there is an amazing opportunity here of free, high-quality education 00:06:39.312 --> 00:06:43.654 and this is a way for you to share that education with people that, 00:06:43.654 --> 00:06:49.564 you now, might not otherwise have access tools -- in many cases your fellow country-people 00:06:50.030 --> 00:06:57.440 and it's really amazing that you decided to give of your time, your energy and your passions 00:06:57.451 --> 00:06:58.590 to make that possible. 00:06:59.564 --> 00:07:05.518 And I know that many people in your countries and in other countries that speak the same language NOTE Paragraph 00:07:05.518 --> 00:07:10.240 will be very grateful for your effort and I know we are as well: so thank you all. NOTE Paragraph 00:07:11.915 --> 00:07:15.245 (7:12 E. Bildner) Thank you, thank you so much for that introduction (inaudible) Daphne. 00:07:15.249 --> 00:07:19.580 Again, just as I mentioned, my name is Eli and I work on the International Grow team 00:07:19.580 --> 00:07:23.227 and we'll field some of the great questions that we're seeing coming in. 00:07:23.227 --> 00:07:25.612 Just a couple of logistical notes: 00:07:26.106 --> 00:07:29.818 I see there are a few questions about the nature of the community logistics 00:07:29.818 --> 00:07:34.894 and Sébastien and I will get to those, I guess after (inaudible) Daphne. 00:07:34.894 --> 00:07:40.754 So we'll let Daphne talk about more general stuff about Coursera and international growth NOTE Paragraph 00:07:41.515 --> 00:07:47.855 in a second. I see there are a couple more comments about the hangout being a little bit hard to hear, 00:07:47.855 --> 00:07:53.739 if you're watching through YouTube, it might be better to click through to the link to the live hangout 00:07:53.739 --> 00:07:57.262 and close the YouTube tab, so you can only hear it once. I hope that will take care of that. 00:07:57.654 --> 00:08:01.676 So, with that started, with that all said, I wanted to - let's see, 00:08:02.195 --> 00:08:06.280 I saw a question here about the effect, you know, NOTE Paragraph 00:08:06.280 --> 00:08:11.273 what impact Coursera will have on the globalization of higher education. 00:08:11.871 --> 00:08:14.913 So, I guess, you characteristically (check) talked about that, 00:08:14.916 --> 00:08:19.024 you know, what does this mean for having universities in many different countries 00:08:19.271 --> 00:08:22.226 (inaudible) worldwide higher education (inaudible) 00:08:22.226 --> 00:08:26.354 (8:23 D. Koller) So I think, in some sense, this is a tremendous opportunity NOTE Paragraph 00:08:26.354 --> 00:08:28.609 for higher education and for the world 00:08:28.609 --> 00:08:35.696 because it allows people to see education as it's offered in parts of the world 00:08:35.697 --> 00:08:38.700 that many will just never have the opportunity to visit 00:08:39.236 --> 00:08:42.894 and so, you can view this as a way of allowing people 00:08:42.894 --> 00:08:47.045 to share perspectives and opinions across national boundaries 00:08:47.054 --> 00:08:54.148 and many of our courses, in fact, are very much contextualized. 00:08:54.148 --> 00:08:57.229 So for example, if you're teaching a course on sociology 00:08:57.229 --> 00:09:01.089 or on sustainability or on business, or many other topics, 00:09:01.089 --> 00:09:03.962 the perspectives that you'd get from someone in China 00:09:03.962 --> 00:09:09.101 is very different from what you would get from someone in Nigeria or in the United States. NOTE Paragraph 00:09:09.101 --> 00:09:16.444 So this ability to really get these diverse points of view and share those with other learners 00:09:16.444 --> 00:09:21.651 is really, I think, one of the things that both the learners on our platform get 00:09:21.651 --> 00:09:25.736 but also the instructors who are teaching benefit a lot from this. 00:09:25.736 --> 00:09:28.821 So I think that's one aspect of globalization. 00:09:29.846 --> 00:09:36.183 The other aspect, I think, is just the capacity issue that is present in many parts of the world. NOTE Paragraph 00:09:36.190 --> 00:09:41.710 Those of us who live in countries that are -- where the educational infrastructure is better developed 00:09:41.710 --> 00:09:46.782 often take for granted the ability that we have to just sign up for a college 00:09:46.782 --> 00:09:49.178 and obviously, we have to pass the admission criteria, 00:09:49.178 --> 00:09:52.616 but if we do, then there is a place for us and we have the opportunity to learn; 00:09:53.122 --> 00:09:55.769 but in many parts of the world, that's just not true. 00:09:56.125 --> 00:10:03.580 And there are people that would dearly love to have the opportunity for an educational experience 00:10:03.580 --> 00:10:05.611 and that opportunity is just not there for them, 00:10:05.611 --> 00:10:09.283 because of a lack of capacity in the educational system, 00:10:09.298 --> 00:10:10.638 because they don't have enough money, 00:10:10.638 --> 00:10:15.688 because of social circumstances and -- or economic circumstances -- 00:10:15.688 --> 00:10:20.708 and this really, I think, allows the opportunity for people in those countries 00:10:20.708 --> 00:10:23.715 to have access to something that just otherwise would not exist. 00:10:24.462 --> 00:10:28.138 And hopefully, over time, the educational infrastructure will catch up, 00:10:28.937 --> 00:10:34.057 maybe, perhaps, to some extent by having this content there 00:10:34.058 --> 00:10:40.808 that helps further development and create more qualified instructors within the country. 00:10:41.338 --> 00:10:46.579 And so we hope to actually use this as a spur to develop the develop-- 00:10:46.589 --> 00:10:50.130 -- to spur the development of educational infrastructure around the world. NOTE Paragraph 00:10:51.811 --> 00:10:55.178 (10:52 E. Bildner) Daphne, I guess we're seeing a couple of other questions come in. 00:10:56.528 --> 00:11:00.386 How do you see Coursera interacting with other online initiatives in -- 00:11:00.931 --> 00:11:03.696 that are specifically focused on individual countries, you know, 00:11:03.696 --> 00:11:09.546 Coursera is this international platform, but there are lots of local resources that come streaming up (check) to you 00:11:09.552 --> 00:11:11.218 and how do you see that interaction working? NOTE Paragraph 00:11:11.857 --> 00:11:18.582 (11:12 D. Koller) So I think there is a diverse -- with this move towards online education 00:11:18.582 --> 00:11:24.718 that really started out with the efforts that Andrew and I did at Stanford in September 2001, 00:11:25.185 --> 00:11:27.755 there is now realization that there is a big opportunity there, 00:11:27.755 --> 00:11:35.961 and there is a number of initiatives that are coming up to leverage that and move that forward. 00:11:36.565 --> 00:11:40.906 You know, I think that some of these are efforts that are very, 00:11:41.356 --> 00:11:43.865 in some sense, complementary to what we're doing. 00:11:43.865 --> 00:11:51.297 So, for example, there are portals in certain countries, like Nadees (check) portal for example, NOTE Paragraph 00:11:51.297 --> 00:11:58.960 that is one of our Chinese partners, that really point to great content from Coursera, NOTE Paragraph 00:11:58.960 --> 00:12:01.981 from Khan Academy, from other resources NOTE Paragraph 00:12:01.981 --> 00:12:08.412 and serve as a place where people in that country can find out about great educational content. 00:12:08.828 --> 00:12:14.244 And there a few that are a little bit more similar to what we're doing, so you could view this, 00:12:14.254 --> 00:12:18.418 they're trying to do the same thing, but perhaps focused on the needs of a particular country 00:12:18.427 --> 00:12:23.971 and I think that's totally fine, because there is a limited capacity to what we can host on Coursera 00:12:23.971 --> 00:12:25.996 in terms of number of university partners, NOTE Paragraph 00:12:26.000 --> 00:12:32.758 and so if you have a site that says "I'm going to allow the many universities within a given country 00:12:32.758 --> 00:12:40.041 that can't be on Coursera to still offer content in language, in -- you know, that's really, 00:12:40.041 --> 00:12:45.424 that's about local -- that really focus on aspects that are tied to the local culture," 00:12:45.424 --> 00:12:46.894 I think that's absolutely fine (check). 00:12:47.609 --> 00:12:51.784 (12:47 E. Bildner) Thanks. We get a great question coming in from Akram Dahab, 00:12:51.789 --> 00:12:53.490 I guess in Chad. Thank you, Akram. NOTE Paragraph 00:12:53.865 --> 00:12:57.373 "What would you do to help people from poor countries with limited connection speed, NOTE Paragraph 00:12:57.373 --> 00:12:58.785 like Chad where I live?" 00:12:58.785 --> 00:13:04.039 (12:59 D. Koller) Well, first of all, thank you so much for joining us from Tchad. 00:13:04.039 --> 00:13:10.605 That's very far away and it's wonderful that people from all over the world are part of this effort. 00:13:10.605 --> 00:13:12.121 So thank you for participating. 00:13:12.702 --> 00:13:17.307 We completely realize that there are serious infrastructure issues NOTE Paragraph 00:13:17.307 --> 00:13:23.343 in allowing people from parts of the world where broadband internet, for example, 00:13:23.343 --> 00:13:27.354 is not readily available, to access our kind of content. 00:13:27.977 --> 00:13:30.605 And so, there is a two-part answer to this. NOTE Paragraph 00:13:30.605 --> 00:13:34.772 The first is that the digital divide is a prevalent problem 00:13:34.772 --> 00:13:38.943 that we at Coursera are not going to be the solution for, 00:13:38.943 --> 00:13:42.561 because there are only so many problems that an organization can tackle. 00:13:42.893 --> 00:13:48.641 But fortunately, there is a number of organizations, governments and NGOs, 00:13:48.641 --> 00:13:53.664 that are working to try and overcome those infrastructure issues in a much broader basis NOTE Paragraph 00:13:53.664 --> 00:13:56.288 and we're delighted to see that happening. 00:13:56.288 --> 00:13:59.481 There has been tremendous progress in India, for example, recently, NOTE Paragraph 00:13:59.481 --> 00:14:01.609 and I hope other countries will follow suit. 00:14:01.973 --> 00:14:08.629 At the same time, we're doing what we can on our side, until that happens, to try and increase access. 00:14:08.631 --> 00:14:12.560 And that includes programs like the Global Translation Community, 00:14:12.560 --> 00:14:14.668 which hope (check) to overcome language barriers, 00:14:15.362 --> 00:14:19.460 the significant effort that we've made on building mobile apps 00:14:19.460 --> 00:14:25.394 that allow those people who access the internet primarily by their mobile device NOTE Paragraph 00:14:25.394 --> 00:14:29.918 to have a much better experience, and that's specifically, I think, 00:14:29.918 --> 00:14:32.607 common in developing countries. 00:14:33.800 --> 00:14:37.920 And then there is a number of efforts that we've made in the Learning Hub project, 00:14:37.922 --> 00:14:43.556 which are these physical spaces that have high broadband internet connectivity NOTE Paragraph 00:14:43.556 --> 00:14:51.257 in places like US embassies, or the digital libraries of the Slim Foundation in Mexico and Latin America, 00:14:51.257 --> 00:14:55.387 as well as a number of other partners that we have around the world NOTE Paragraph 00:14:55.387 --> 00:15:01.023 that provide local hubs where people who don't necessarily have access to the internet NOTE Paragraph 00:15:01.023 --> 00:15:05.226 can come and study quietly, often with the guidance of the (inaudible) 00:15:05.226 --> 00:15:09.777 and we see amazing learning outcomes in those places, 00:15:09.777 --> 00:15:14.805 with much higher completion rates than we see in just the general population, NOTE Paragraph 00:15:14.817 --> 00:15:18.134 and people having incredible experiences with that. 00:15:18.134 --> 00:15:19.501 And so that's another thing that we've done. 00:15:20.197 --> 00:15:22.453 (15:20 E. Bildner) Thanks, Daphne. A couple of other questions: NOTE Paragraph 00:15:22.893 --> 00:15:28.845 Interesting one here from Mrityunjay, if I'm mispronouncing your name, Yunjay in a -- 00:15:29.252 --> 00:15:32.001 I'm not sure where you come from, thanks for asking the question: 00:15:32.246 --> 00:15:36.818 "Will Coursera be focusing on elistic education, as in knowledge for the sake of knowledge, 00:15:36.834 --> 00:15:39.261 or will be filling the gaps in reward system" NOTE Paragraph 00:15:39.261 --> 00:15:41.299 so, I guess, more of a kind of vocational education. 00:15:41.299 --> 00:15:44.884 How do you think about that (inaudible) about Coursera's place is? 00:15:45.419 --> 00:15:49.979 (D. Koller) So, we're committed to education in multiple forms. 00:15:49.997 --> 00:15:56.832 We believe that it's wonderful that, if someone wants to study poetry or philosophy, 00:15:57.447 --> 00:16:01.870 we think that has an important place, even though that might not, for most people, 00:16:01.870 --> 00:16:03.905 be along their career projectory (check). 00:16:03.905 --> 00:16:09.746 At the same time, we also realize that, for many people, one of their goals in education 00:16:09.746 --> 00:16:13.614 is to increase their ability to provide for themselves and their families, 00:16:13.614 --> 00:16:17.449 and have access to a more, you know, stimulating job than they currently do. NOTE Paragraph 00:16:18.553 --> 00:16:21.153 And so we really try to do both things: 00:16:21.153 --> 00:16:25.010 we have a very broad range of disciplines represented on our platform, NOTE Paragraph 00:16:25.660 --> 00:16:30.617 including music and the arts and philosophy, and archeology 00:16:30.623 --> 00:16:34.092 a whole bunch of topics like that, but also we simply -- 00:16:34.092 --> 00:16:37.850 there's a whole lot of topics that are much more applied, 00:16:37.850 --> 00:16:43.907 and if you call them "vocational" in the sense that they cater only to academic disciplines, 00:16:43.907 --> 00:16:47.489 but there are things like Android development, (inaudible) science, 00:16:47.489 --> 00:16:51.676 programming, finance, accounting, NOTE Paragraph 00:16:51.676 --> 00:16:56.729 things that are really very much in line with the possibility of getting a better job. NOTE Paragraph 00:16:56.729 --> 00:17:03.956 Our recently launched specializations also are very much in that vein, NOTE Paragraph 00:17:03.956 --> 00:17:09.864 because there's not only a curriculum that allows -- that spans multiple courses 00:17:09.864 --> 00:17:13.528 and allows one to achieve mastery in a given discipline 00:17:13.528 --> 00:17:16.917 that can really give much stronger chances of a better job, NOTE Paragraph 00:17:16.917 --> 00:17:21.115 but is also accompanied with a capstone project, like a final project 00:17:21.115 --> 00:17:27.277 that allows learners to demonstrate their ability to apply their skills in the context of the real world. 00:17:27.277 --> 00:17:30.990 Problem (check) in that gets -- that's something that can then 00:17:30.990 --> 00:17:33.939 be used as a part of their portfolio when applying for a job. 00:17:34.352 --> 00:17:38.552 And so, we believe that we'd like to give those learners who want this 00:17:38.552 --> 00:17:44.445 the opportunity to use the educational platform in order to make a better life for themselves. NOTE Paragraph 00:17:45.142 --> 00:17:48.086 (E. Bildner) Thanks Daphne. Interesting question here from Andres. 00:17:49.281 --> 00:17:54.081 Andres asks "Udacity recently decided to discontinue their free certification programs, 00:17:54.441 --> 00:17:58.672 so they changed their model somewhat. What's Coursera's view on, I guess, that." 00:17:58.672 --> 00:18:04.625 But I guess, more generally, how do we think about for the importance of free education 00:18:04.625 --> 00:18:09.174 and I guess, incorporating that into our own business and long term strategy?" NOTE Paragraph 00:18:09.182 --> 00:18:16.945 (D. Koller) Right. So, we are very committed to the notion of free education, 00:18:16.945 --> 00:18:21.884 and having the content remain free and available to everyone. 00:18:22.824 --> 00:18:30.705 (18:22) We have two kinds of outcomes, if you will, that we offer learners currently on the platform 00:18:30.705 --> 00:18:32.550 and we view them quite differently. NOTE Paragraph 00:18:32.883 --> 00:18:37.706 There is our verified certificate and our statement of accomplishment. 00:18:37.706 --> 00:18:42.346 We view the statement of accomplishment not as a credential or a certificate. 00:18:42.346 --> 00:18:45.692 We view that as more of a memento that the learner can say: 00:18:45.692 --> 00:18:51.021 "OK, I feel good because I took something away with me from the course." 00:18:51.021 --> 00:18:56.984 It's not a credential because it doesn't have any kind of validation associated with it. 00:18:57.937 --> 00:19:04.340 It's not identity-verified, so Eli here can take the class in my place and get a certificate 00:19:04.340 --> 00:19:06.369 that says "Daphne Koller" and it's not, you know, 00:19:06.369 --> 00:19:11.719 there is no guarantee that I was the one who did the work, and in fact it's Eli who did the work. 00:19:11.726 --> 00:19:17.583 So -- and furthermore, creating one of these statements of accomplishment is really easy, NOTE Paragraph 00:19:17.583 --> 00:19:20.286 you can take the PDF and you can (inaudible), 00:19:20.286 --> 00:19:22.606 you know, I can put my name instead of Eli's name -- 00:19:22.606 --> 00:19:24.257 (E. Bildner 19:22) Don't try this at home. (D. Koller) OK, don't try this athome (laughter) NOTE Paragraph 00:19:24.257 --> 00:19:28.717 But the point is that there is no academic integrity associated with the statement of accomplishment: 00:19:28.717 --> 00:19:29.660 it's a memento. 00:19:30.303 --> 00:19:35.256 The verified certificate that we offer as part of our Signature Track is a credential. 00:19:35.585 --> 00:19:39.398 It's identity-verified, it's unforgeable because it has a verification code. 00:19:40.218 --> 00:19:45.930 It's true that that one does have a modest cost, you know, $40-50 is about typical, 00:19:45.930 --> 00:19:49.803 but at the same time, we have from the very beginning, day 1, NOTE Paragraph 00:19:49.803 --> 00:19:55.144 have had a financial aid program, so that learners from backgrounds NOTE Paragraph 00:19:55.144 --> 00:20:03.587 that don't allow them to afford that $40 or $50, can still basically fill out a very simple 1-page application 00:20:03.587 --> 00:20:07.565 and we waive that $40 or $50 fee for that credential. 00:20:07.859 --> 00:20:14.371 And so, you can basically say: "Look, it's free to those learners who need it to be free" 00:20:14.371 --> 00:20:19.906 and the other ones who can afford the $40 or $50, which for a large number of our learners, 00:20:19.906 --> 00:20:23.776 is, you know, not a very signi-- not a very onerous burden, NOTE Paragraph 00:20:24.102 --> 00:20:28.765 they help pay for the free education that we are providing to everyone. NOTE Paragraph 00:20:30.195 --> 00:20:33.268 (E. Bildner) Thanks, Daphne. All right, let's see. 00:20:35.198 --> 00:20:40.168 Interesting question here from Rishkash. Apoplogies again, if I'm mispronouncing it -- 00:20:40.168 --> 00:20:41.611 (D. Koller) Rishikesh (E. Bildner) Rishikesh. 00:20:41.611 --> 00:20:45.046 "Do you think that translating courses will get people to learn the subject? 00:20:45.046 --> 00:20:47.900 Because I think the course will probably require English somewhere down the line." 00:20:47.900 --> 00:20:52.942 So I guess, the question, more broadly, is, you know, right now, translations are focused on subtitles, 00:20:52.951 --> 00:20:57.175 I guess the user interface is translated too, but how are we thinking about NOTE Paragraph 00:20:57.175 --> 00:21:01.515 helping people experience a full course in either in translation, NOTE Paragraph 00:21:01.515 --> 00:21:05.217 or in a language that's more comp-- that's a little easier for them to get along? 00:21:05.217 --> 00:21:08.066 (D. Koller) No, I think that's an excellent question, thank you, Rishikesh. 00:21:09.401 --> 00:21:18.288 So, right now, as Eli said, the translations are solely for the subtitles to the course. 00:21:18.472 --> 00:21:22.728 And we realize that there is many parts of the experience, NOTE Paragraph 00:21:22.728 --> 00:21:32.002 like the assessments, for example, where you still need English in order to do the course completely. 00:21:33.540 --> 00:21:35.906 So, let's see: where do we sit on that? NOTE Paragraph 00:21:35.906 --> 00:21:41.726 Right now, we think that there is still -- in certain courses, you can use Google Translate, 00:21:41.726 --> 00:21:46.577 for example for some of the assessments, because if the questions are short and mostly, 00:21:46.577 --> 00:21:52.757 are just like writing, you know, answering the multiple choice questions or writing a program, 00:21:53.082 --> 00:21:57.433 you don't really need that much English if accompanied by Google Translate, 00:21:57.433 --> 00:21:59.759 really, to do that. 00:21:59.759 --> 00:22:01.729 But that's only a sub-set of courses. 00:22:02.852 --> 00:22:07.079 In order to provide a fully translated course experience, NOTE Paragraph 00:22:07.461 --> 00:22:13.633 we would need to do some really fairly heavy lifting on the product's side, on the platform. 00:22:13.633 --> 00:22:15.562 It's definitely something that we plan to do. 00:22:15.562 --> 00:22:17.048 We haven't had a chance to do that yet: 00:22:17.048 --> 00:22:19.756 we're a small company, there's many things that we'd like to do, NOTE Paragraph 00:22:19.756 --> 00:22:22.014 and we just haven't got around to this one 00:22:22.734 --> 00:22:25.554 but we hope to get around to it soon, 00:22:25.842 --> 00:22:31.422 and so be able to provide people with a much more internationalized course experience, 00:22:31.422 --> 00:22:38.013 where you will also potentially have, you know, forums that are in different languages and, you know, NOTE Paragraph 00:22:38.013 --> 00:22:41.273 hopefully we will be able to do peer-grading in different languages, 00:22:41.273 --> 00:22:46.101 so that people who speak Chinese will grade people who wrote their essays in Chinese and -- 00:22:47.262 --> 00:22:48.663 versus other languages. 00:22:48.663 --> 00:22:54.012 and so, there is a lot of things that we still have to do and we hope to be able to get to that soon. 00:22:55.216 --> 00:22:59.385 (22:55 E. Bildner) Thank you. Interesting question here from David. David asks: NOTE Paragraph 00:22:59.385 --> 00:23:01.069 "Will we ever see language courses on Coursera?" 00:23:01.069 --> 00:23:04.606 I mean, you know, I love learning languages, (inaudible) people out there, NOTE Paragraph 00:23:04.606 --> 00:23:07.111 whether it's perfecting their English or different languages. 00:23:07.445 --> 00:23:09.001 Have you got something we'll see in the future? NOTE Paragraph 00:23:09.001 --> 00:23:13.064 (D. Koller) You know, I hope the answer to that is yes. 00:23:13.067 --> 00:23:17.713 We are in some ways, you know, dependent on our university partners 00:23:17.713 --> 00:23:20.898 in which courses they elect to put on the platform. NOTE Paragraph 00:23:20.898 --> 00:23:24.768 Right now, we've not yet had someone jump up and say: 00:23:24.768 --> 00:23:26.655 "I'd like to teach a language course." NOTE Paragraph 00:23:26.655 --> 00:23:30.327 We do have one course which is an English as a Second Language course, 00:23:30.327 --> 00:23:33.759 intended for teachers of English as a second language, 00:23:34.776 --> 00:23:43.137 but we don't have any real language courses and you can give this as a call to all our university partners: 00:23:43.137 --> 00:23:48.347 If you're interested in offering a language course, please let me know and we'd love to have one. NOTE Paragraph 00:23:48.971 --> 00:23:51.619 (E. Bildner) Great and I look forward to that. (D. Koller) Yes, and me too. 00:23:52.378 --> 00:23:59.331 (E. Bildner) Let's see. Here is a question from Mahmoud (check). Mahmoud asks: 00:23:59.331 --> 00:24:02.050 "Does Coursera plan to set up any infrastructure NOTE Paragraph 00:24:02.490 --> 00:24:06.459 a distant (check) infrastructure in different countries to (inaudible) in person testing?" 00:24:06.715 --> 00:24:10.907 I guess, you know, the idea being that that would be, you know, 00:24:10.907 --> 00:24:16.912 if that would improve the authentication experience towards earning a verified certificate. NOTE Paragraph 00:24:16.912 --> 00:24:17.991 How do you think about that? 00:24:18.444 --> 00:24:23.130 (D. Koller) I think that this is a very interesting notion, 00:24:23.130 --> 00:24:26.871 and right now, we haven't seen a huge demand for it yet, NOTE Paragraph 00:24:26.871 --> 00:24:33.024 partly because I think the incidences, at this point, of cheating on our platform, NOTE Paragraph 00:24:33.024 --> 00:24:36.498 they are definitely there, but they're not hugely common 00:24:36.498 --> 00:24:43.118 and so, it's not something that people really clamored for. 00:24:43.118 --> 00:24:49.069 But I think as the stakes grow, you know, for example, 00:24:49.069 --> 00:24:52.380 as more and more employers start recognizing these credentials, 00:24:52.380 --> 00:24:57.075 or as universities start accepting them for credit and in some cases, perhaps, NOTE Paragraph 00:24:57.513 --> 00:25:00.614 we'll need to have a higher level of academic integrity, 00:25:00.614 --> 00:25:03.219 at which point we might explore this possibility. 00:25:04.315 --> 00:25:13.660 (E. Bildner) Great, thank you. Let's see here. So Christian (check) asks: 00:25:14.049 --> 00:25:18.579 "How do we plan to give, can foster the strength of credentials." NOTE Paragraph 00:25:18.601 --> 00:25:23.166 So you own a verified certificate, you want to use it to improve your job-- 00:25:23.166 --> 00:25:28.275 to improve your carreer prospects, for getting any jobs, how are we working to improve that? 00:25:28.275 --> 00:25:34.587 (D. Koller) Yeah. So we actually have an effort here at Coursera on what we call "credential value," NOTE Paragraph 00:25:34.587 --> 00:25:39.388 which is really intended to address exactly that question, Christian, so thank you for that, 00:25:39.845 --> 00:25:46.101 of demonstrating more broadly the value of our credentials to a number of constituencies: NOTE Paragraph 00:25:46.101 --> 00:25:50.879 to our learners, to employers, to educational institutions. 00:25:51.970 --> 00:25:53.778 So we've done a number of things: NOTE Paragraph 00:25:54.261 --> 00:25:58.583 First is, for example, we've had a partnership with LinkedIn NOTE Paragraph 00:25:58.583 --> 00:26:02.473 that allows us -- that allows our learners via the click of a button NOTE Paragraph 00:26:02.473 --> 00:26:08.977 to post their credential on LinkedIn, so that employers can see that 00:26:08.977 --> 00:26:14.316 and know that this person has achieved a lot of mastery in a very rigorous academic topic. NOTE Paragraph 00:26:14.808 --> 00:26:21.903 We're working with employers to recognize the value of our courses NOTE Paragraph 00:26:21.903 --> 00:26:26.887 and somehow, many employers have expressed their interest in using this for internal training 00:26:26.887 --> 00:26:34.216 as well as have told us that they are excited about employee -- 00:26:34.216 --> 00:26:37.076 perspective of employees who come in with that type of credential. 00:26:37.432 --> 00:26:42.377 One of our university partners, Duke University, recently did a survey among employers NOTE Paragraph 00:26:42.377 --> 00:26:47.996 in their geographical basin in North Carolina and discovered that, I think, 00:26:47.996 --> 00:26:55.589 over 50% of employers are -- would be -- would consider the completion of one of the MOOCs 00:26:55.589 --> 00:26:58.688 as a strong factor in hiring decision. NOTE Paragraph 00:26:58.688 --> 00:27:01.696 And so we're trying to encourage that as well. 00:27:02.423 --> 00:27:08.716 And then, really, just making sure that our courses are strong and rigorous 00:27:08.716 --> 00:27:13.677 and of high academic quality is, I think, eventually -- and it's already starting to happen -- NOTE Paragraph 00:27:15.227 --> 00:27:22.215 the value of those will become clear just because of market forces. NOTE Paragraph 00:27:22.561 --> 00:27:28.829 The project-based courses, which allow students, for example in those specializations, 00:27:28.829 --> 00:27:35.545 to create an artifact, to demonstrate mastery in terms of applying skills to a real world problem, 00:27:35.545 --> 00:27:42.039 I think, will really help reinforce the fact that our learners emerge from a really valuable use of skills. 00:27:42.481 --> 00:27:48.541 (E. Bildner) Thanks, Daphne. I see a couple of questions or comments on the (inaudible) tool, about -- 00:27:48.541 --> 00:27:52.050 specifically about, very specific GTC-related stuff. NOTE Paragraph 00:27:52.050 --> 00:27:55.897 So just remind once again, we'll take a couple more questions for Daphne 00:27:55.897 --> 00:27:58.960 and then Sébastien and I will field the bunch of questions 00:27:58.960 --> 00:28:03.807 that are specifically about the Translator Community and we'll let Daphne get on her day, 00:28:03.807 --> 00:28:09.500 to try improve Coursera and do other things that all you folks are asking about. 00:28:09.500 --> 00:28:14.691 So I guess, a couple more questions for Daphne. Interesting question here from Catalin, 00:28:15.060 --> 00:28:17.573 who asks, you know, if there are any plans to allow 00:28:17.573 --> 00:28:22.462 non universities and non institutions to create courses on Coursera, I guess, more broadly, NOTE Paragraph 00:28:22.462 --> 00:28:27.797 how are we thinking about building up a diversity of courses on the platform? 00:28:28.497 --> 00:28:34.400 (D. Koller) So, right now, we're focused on working with our university partners 00:28:34.400 --> 00:28:38.223 and some non-university partners that are offering mostly contents 00:28:38.223 --> 00:28:41.434 in teacher professional development (check). 00:28:41.434 --> 00:28:46.773 That is not because we believe that there is no good education to be had elsewhere. 00:28:46.773 --> 00:28:52.437 So we know that there is great teachers to be had at institutions that are not among our partners as well, NOTE Paragraph 00:28:52.437 --> 00:28:57.334 it's just, you know, people out there in the world will not affiliate with any educational institution. (check) 00:28:57.675 --> 00:29:02.846 So, we think -- I think it's great, Catalin, that you're producing your own course 00:29:02.846 --> 00:29:04.816 and making it available to people. NOTE Paragraph 00:29:05.646 --> 00:29:16.661 We are -- we came into this with a model of having a very highly curated platform 00:29:16.661 --> 00:29:21.529 rather than a more YouTube-like model that has anyone being able to upload content. NOTE Paragraph 00:29:21.779 --> 00:29:27.934 So, in order for us to maintain that level of curation, we would have to go and, you know, 00:29:27.934 --> 00:29:33.863 examine the courses of people like you and evaluate them for quality and academic rigor, 00:29:33.863 --> 00:29:40.145 and so on and so forth, and I'm sure we'd find some really amazing gems if we did that, NOTE Paragraph 00:29:40.145 --> 00:29:46.444 but we just don't have the capacity to do that level of screening, 00:29:46.799 --> 00:29:56.464 nor do we have the ability to train a much larger number of instructors in the use of our platform 00:29:56.464 --> 00:30:02.278 and in what we consider to be the best practices for high-quality content, and so on, 00:30:02.621 --> 00:30:06.471 and so, I'm sure we're missing some really amazing things right now, 00:30:06.471 --> 00:30:09.287 but as we're trying to, you know, build thing out, 00:30:09.287 --> 00:30:15.789 it's better for us to maintain this somewhat narrow level of focus and hopefully in the future, 00:30:15.789 --> 00:30:19.176 be able to broaden out to a larger number of providers. 00:30:19.657 --> 00:30:22.494 (E. Bildner) Great, thanks. Maybe we can take one more question for Daphne. NOTE Paragraph 00:30:23.371 --> 00:30:25.666 It seems like a lot of people are interested in knowing NOTE Paragraph 00:30:25.666 --> 00:30:29.213 whether Coursera's certified courses are recognized by companies. 00:30:29.213 --> 00:30:33.319 I know you talked about that a little already, but, you know, NOTE Paragraph 00:30:33.319 --> 00:30:35.950 have we seen any examples of companies saying, you know: 00:30:35.950 --> 00:30:41.150 "If you take this course, you'll have an advantage in some way, either internally or -- NOTE Paragraph 00:30:41.150 --> 00:30:43.879 what have we seen there with companies and Coursera? 00:30:43.879 --> 00:30:47.719 (D. Koller) So, you know, the company is only 2-years old, 00:30:47.720 --> 00:30:52.850 which is kind of hard to believe, given the amount of interest that we've seen and the -- NOTE Paragraph 00:30:52.858 --> 00:30:57.635 and the amazing community that we've been able to build up, including yourselves, 00:30:58.205 --> 00:31:05.756 but it's a relatively young company, with maybe only about a year's worth of actual "graduates," NOTE Paragraph 00:31:05.756 --> 00:31:08.813 if you will, from courses, a year and half at the most, 00:31:10.214 --> 00:31:19.271 and so, it takes a while for the market to catch up with the value of a particular form of education, 00:31:19.271 --> 00:31:25.325 to recognize that yes, this is like -- this education provides real value NOTE Paragraph 00:31:25.325 --> 00:31:33.515 and the learners who emerge from this are, you know, really qualified to do what they claim they can do. NOTE Paragraph 00:31:33.523 --> 00:31:36.637 Nevertheless, even with that short time frame, 00:31:36.637 --> 00:31:40.790 we've already seen significant recognition of these credentials by employers. 00:31:40.790 --> 00:31:43.640 I've mentioned the Duke University study a moment ago, NOTE Paragraph 00:31:44.309 --> 00:31:48.093 that had surveyed several hundred employers in North Carolina, NOTE Paragraph 00:31:48.429 --> 00:31:51.729 and importantly, this was not surveyed on, for example, 00:31:51.732 --> 00:31:57.586 here in the San Francisco Bay area of, you know, tech-savvy employers, 00:31:57.586 --> 00:32:02.179 all of whom are sort of familiar with internet technologies and so on, 00:32:02.179 --> 00:32:06.642 this was in a different part of the country, with a very diverse range of employers, NOTE Paragraph 00:32:07.490 --> 00:32:13.150 from very different sectors, and nevertheless, we see a very large fraction of them 00:32:13.150 --> 00:32:16.037 -- I don't remember the exact number, I think 50 to 60% who said that 00:32:16.037 --> 00:32:24.241 they will recognize the validity of these credentials in terms of preferring to -- NOTE Paragraph 00:32:24.986 --> 00:32:27.797 treating these candidates in some preferen -- 00:32:27.798 --> 00:32:31.834 in some way preferentially recognizing they're bringing something that you need to the table. 00:32:32.020 --> 00:32:38.710 And so, people are starting to see a very significant uptake on the value of these credentials, 00:32:38.710 --> 00:32:42.799 and I think, in a year, this question probably would be asked (inaudible). 00:32:43.915 --> 00:32:46.103 (E. Bildner) OK. Well, Daphne, I just want to thank you again, 00:32:46.103 --> 00:32:50.320 I don't know if you have any heartening words for the GTC friends we have with us today. 00:32:51.218 --> 00:32:55.055 ( D. Koller) Sure, so, you know, I've already said this at the very beginning, 00:32:55.055 --> 00:32:59.715 but I'd like to take this opportunity to thank you all again. NOTE Paragraph 00:33:00.396 --> 00:33:05.977 You have already 9 courses that have been translate 00:33:05.977 --> 00:33:08.882 as well as the many others that I'm sure you'll contribute NOTE Paragraph 00:33:08.882 --> 00:33:14.440 towards making a hugely important dent in the issues of accessibility 00:33:14.440 --> 00:33:21.433 to the vast majority of this world population that -- for whom English is not their native language. 00:33:22.382 --> 00:33:28.712 So we're very, very grateful for your efforts, and also grateful for the efforts of Eli and Sébastien 00:33:28.725 --> 00:33:32.765 and our translation partners for helping you make that possible. 00:33:32.765 --> 00:33:33.890 So thank you very much.