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You know, I had a real rough time
in school with ADD,

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and I have a PhD.

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I earned a PhD, but ...
tough to pay attention --

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biology, geology, physics,
chemistry -- really tough for me.

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Only one thing grabbed my attention,

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and it's that planet called Earth.

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But in this picture here,
you'll see that Earth is mostly water.

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That's the Pacific.

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Seventy percent of Earth
is covered with water.

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You can say, "Hey,
I know Earth. I live here."

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You don't know Earth.

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You don't know this planet,
because most of it's covered with that --

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average depth, two miles.

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And when you go outside

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and look up at the Empire State
Building, Chrysler Building,

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the average depth of the ocean
is 15 of those on top of one another.

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We've explored about five percent
of what's in that water.

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"Explored," meaning, for the first time,
go peek and see what's there.

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So what I want to do today
is show you some things

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about this planet, about the oceans.

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I want to take you from shallow water
down to the deep water,

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and hopefully, like me,
you'll see some things

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that get you hooked
on exploring planet Earth.

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You know things like corals;
you've seen plenty of corals,

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those of you who've been
to the beach, snorkeling,

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know corals are an amazing place
to go -- full of life,

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some big animals, small animals,
some nice, some dangerous,

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sharks, whales, all that stuff.

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They need to be protected from humanity.

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They're great places.

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But what you probably don't know
is in the very deep part of the ocean,

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we have volcanic eruptions.

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Most volcanoes on Earth
are at the bottom of the sea --

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more than 80 percent.

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And we actually have fire,

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fire deep inside the ocean,
going on right now.

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All over the world -- in the Pacific,
the Atlantic, the Indian Ocean.

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In this place, the ocean floor,
the rocks actually turn to liquid.

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So you actually have waves
on the ocean floor.

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You'd say nothing could live there,
but when we look in detail,

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even there, in the deepest,
darkest places on Earth, we find life,

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which tells us that life
really wants to happen.

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So, pretty amazing stuff.

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Every time we go to the bottom of the sea,

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we explore with our submarines,
with our robots,

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we see something
that's usually surprising,

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sometimes it's startling
and sometimes revolutionary.

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You see that puddle
of water sitting there.

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And all around the water
there's a little cliff,

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there's a little white sandy beach.

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We'll get closer, you'll see
the beach a little bit better,

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some of the waves
in that water, down there.

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The thing that's special about this water

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is that it's at the bottom
of the Gulf of Mexico.

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So you're sitting inside a submarine,

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looking out the window
at a little pond of water beneath the sea.

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We see ponds, we see
lakes, we see rivers --

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in fact, right here is a river
at the bottom of the ocean

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going from the lower
left to the upper right.

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Water is actually flowing through there.

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This totally blew our minds.

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How can you have this at the bottom?

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You're in the ocean looking at more water.

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And there's animals
that only live in that water.

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So, the bottom of the ocean --

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I love this map, because it shows
in the middle of the ocean,

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there's a mountain range.

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It's the greatest mountain range
on Earth, called the mid-ocean ridge --

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50,000 miles long,
and we've hardly had a peek at it.

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Hardly had a peek at it.

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We find valleys,
many thousands of valleys,

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larger, wider, deeper
than the Grand Canyon.

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We find, as I said, underwater
lakes, rivers, waterfalls.

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The largest waterfall on the planet

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is actually under the ocean,
up near Iceland.

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All that stuff is in that five percent
that we've explored.

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So the deal about the ocean
is that to explore it,

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you've got to have technology.

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Not only technology,
but it's not just Dave Gallo

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or one person exploring,
it's a team of people.

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You've got to have the talent, the team.

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You've got to have the technology.

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In this case, it's our ship, Atlantis,
and the submarine, Alvin.

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Inside that submarine --
this is an Alvin launch --

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there's three people.

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They're being wheeled out onto deck.

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There's 47 other people,

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the teamwork on that ship,
making sure that these people are okay.

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Everybody in that submarine
is thinking one thing right now:

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Should I have gone
to the bathroom one more time?

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Because you're in there for 10 hours --

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10 hours in that little sphere.

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Three of you together
and nobody is going to be around you.

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You go into the water
and once you hit the water, it's amazing.

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There's a lovely color blue
that penetrates right inside you.

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You don't hear the surface ship anymore,

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you hear that pinging of a sonar.

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If you've got an iPhone
you've got sonar on there --

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it's that same pinging that goes
down to the bottom and comes back up.

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Divers check out the sub to make
sure the outside is okay,

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and then they say "Go,"

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and down you go to the bottom
of the ocean and it's an amazing trip.

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So for two and a half hours,
you sink down to the bottom.

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And two hours of it
is totally pitch black.

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We thought that nothing
could live inside that world

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at the bottom of the ocean.

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And when we look,
we find some amazing things.

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All the way down --
we call it the mid-water --

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from the top of the ocean
down to the bottom, we find life.

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Whenever we stop and look, we find life.

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I'm going to show you some jellies.

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They're absolutely some
of the coolest creatures on Earth.

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Look at that thing,
just flailing his arms around.

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That's like a little lobster.

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That one is like all these animals
with their mouths hooked together,

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the colonial animals.

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Some animals are tiny,
some can be longer than this stage.

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Just amazing animals.

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And you can't collect them with a net --

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we have to go with our cameras
and take a look at them.

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So every time we go, new species of life.

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The ocean is full of life.

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And yet the deepest part of the ocean --

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when we go to that mountain range,
we find hot springs.

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Now we were sure --
because this is poisonous water,

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because it's so deep
it would crush the Titanic

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the same way you crush
an empty cup in your hand --

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we were sure there would be
no life there at all.

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Instead, we find more life
and diversity and density

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than in the tropical rainforest.

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So, in one instance, in one peek
out the window of the sub,

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we discover something

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that revolutionizes the way
we think about life on Earth;

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and that is, you don't always
have to have sunlight

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to get life going.

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There's big animals down there too,
some that look familiar.

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That guy's called Dumbo.
I love him. Dumbo's great.

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This guy -- oh man,
I wish I had more footage of this.

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We're trying to get an expedition
together to go look at this

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and maybe in a year we'll have that.

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Go online and look.

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Vampyroteuthis infernalis.
The vampire squid.

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Incredibly cool.

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In the darkness of the deep sea,
he's got glowing tentacles,

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so if I'm coming at you like him,
I put my arms out in the darkness

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so all you see are little
glowing things over here.

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Meanwhile, I'm coming at you.

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When he wants to escape,

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he's got these glowing pods
on his butt that look like eyes.

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Glowing eyes on his butt.
How cool is that?

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Just an amazing animal.

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(Laughter)

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"Vampire" squid,
because when it gets protective,

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it pulls this black cape
over its whole body,

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and curls up into a ball.

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Outrageous animal.

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This ship, "The Ship of Dreams" --

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a hundred years ago this coming April,

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this ship was supposed
to show up in New York.

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It's the Titanic.

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I co-led an expedition
out there last year.

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We are learning so much about that ship.

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The Titanic is an interesting
place for biology,

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because animals are moving
in to live on the Titanic.

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Microbes are actually
eating the hull of the Titanic.

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That's where Jack was king of the world
there on the bow of the Titanic.

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So we're doing real good.

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And what's exciting to me
is that we're making a virtual Titanic,

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so you can sit there at home
with your joystick and your headset on,

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and you can actually explore
the Titanic for yourself.

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That's what we want to do,
make these virtual worlds,

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so it's not Dave Gallo or someone else
exploring the world; it's you.

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You explore it for yourself.

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So here's the bottom line:

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The oceans are unexplored

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and I can't begin to tell
you how important that is,

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because they're important to us.

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Seven billion people live on this planet

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and all of us are impacted by the sea,

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because the oceans control the air
you breathe, the water you drink,

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the food you eat.

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All those are controlled
in some way by the ocean,

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and this is a thing
that we haven't even explored --

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five percent.

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The thing I want to leave you with is,

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in that five percent,
I showed you some cool stuff.

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There's a lot more cool stuff --

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every dive we go on in the ocean,
we find something new about the sea.

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So what's in that other 95 percent?

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Did we get the exciting stuff
or is there more out there?

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And I'm here to tell you
that the ocean is full of surprises.

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There's a quote I love by Marcel Proust:

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"The true voyage of exploration
is not so much in seeking new landscapes,"

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which we do,

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"but in having new eyes."

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And so I hope today,
by showing you some of this,

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it's given you some new eyes
about this planet,

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and for the first time,
I want you to think about it differently.

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Thank you very much. Thank you.

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(Applause)