0:00:00.000,0:00:02.856
Qaylardadir aktyor Idris Elbaga

0:00:02.880,0:00:05.856
biroz o’xshab ketuvchi bir inson [br]bor yoki 20 yil ilgari

0:00:05.856,0:00:08.232
shunday qiyofada bo'lgandir.

0:00:08.280,0:00:10.096
U o'z hayotini xatarga qo'yib,

0:00:10.120,0:00:12.016
hayotimni asrab[br]qolganidan boshqa

0:00:12.040,0:00:13.680
u haqida hech narsa bilmayman.

0:00:14.600,0:00:19.976
Mudhish avtohalokatdan so'ng bu inson

0:00:20.000,0:00:21.776
meni xavfsiz joyga eltish uchun

0:00:21.800,0:00:24.576
to’rt tirband trassa yo’l [br]yoqasidan yugurdi.

0:00:24.600,0:00:27.256
Bularning bari meni chuqur [br]sarosimaga soldi,

0:00:27.280,0:00:31.256
biroq o'sha daqiqada uning harakatlari

0:00:31.280,0:00:32.920
mazmunini anglash istagi uyg’ondi,

0:00:33.760,0:00:36.536
hayotim bilan qarzdor bo’lgan,[br]o’z hayotini xatarga

0:00:36.560,0:00:38.416
qo’yib o'zga kishining hayotin qutqardi

0:00:38.440,0:00:42.056
undagi qanday ichki kuch bu tanlovni

0:00:42.080,0:00:47.120
berdi. Boshqacha aytganda,[br]u yoki har kimning altruistik xulqni

0:00:47.840,0:00:49.856
namoyon etishiga nima[br]turtki bo’ladi? Ammo

0:00:49.880,0:00:51.336
undan oldin nima bo'lganini

0:00:51.360,0:00:53.736
aytib berishga ijozat bering. [br]19 yoshda edim,

0:00:53.760,0:00:55.576
Takomadagi uyimizga mashinada

0:00:55.600,0:00:58.136
qaytayotgan edim.[br]To’satdan mashinam qarshisidan

0:00:58.160,0:01:00.496
kuchukcha chiqib qoldi va men[br]qilmasligimiz kerak

0:01:00.520,0:01:01.880
bo’lgan bir ishni qildim

0:01:02.480,0:01:04.920
ya’ni undan qochish uchun rulni burdim.

0:01:05.319,0:01:07.056
Va bu noto'g'riligini angladim.

0:01:07.080,0:01:09.696
Itni baribir urib yubordim. [br]bu mashinani sirpanib,

0:01:09.720,0:01:12.296
trassa bo’ylab aylanishiga va oqibatda

0:01:12.320,0:01:15.896
tirband mashinalar shiddat [br]bilan qatnaydigan

0:01:15.920,0:01:18.856
yo’l yoqasiga og’darib tushirdi

0:01:18.880,0:01:20.240
va motor ishdan chiqdi.

0:01:21.480,0:01:25.040
O’shanda hayotim ham yakunlanganiga

0:01:25.880,0:01:27.096
amin edim, ammo

0:01:27.120,0:01:29.856
ag’darilgan mashinamni ko’riboq [br]undan chiqarish,

0:01:29.880,0:01:31.376
hayotimni asrab qolish uchun

0:01:31.400,0:01:34.416
zulmatda tirband trassa yo’l yoqasi [br]bo’ylab yugurishga

0:01:34.440,0:01:38.696
bir ondayoq jasorat topgan insonning

0:01:38.720,0:01:40.656
sa’y-harakatlari tufayli

0:01:40.680,0:01:42.656
bu voqea yuz bermadi.

0:01:42.680,0:01:45.576
So’ngra mashinamni qayta [br]ishga tushirib, o'zimni

0:01:45.600,0:01:49.216
xavfsiz joyga eltdi va sog’ayib [br]ketishimga ko’zi yetib

0:01:49.240,0:01:50.776
mashinasida tark etdi.

0:01:50.800,0:01:53.136
U menga hatto o’z ismini [br]aytishga ulgurmadi va

0:01:53.160,0:01:55.320
unga rahmat aytish[br]yodimdan ko’tarilgani aniq.

0:01:56.440,0:01:58.376
Shu bois so’zlashda davom[br]etishdan oldin,

0:01:58.400,0:01:59.856
sizlardan bir daqiqa olishni

0:01:59.880,0:02:02.680
va shu notanish insonga rahmat [br]aytishni juda istardim.

0:02:03.280,0:02:05.000
(Qarsaklar)

0:02:10.919,0:02:12.136
Bularni so'zlab berdim

0:02:12.160,0:02:16.376
chunki o’sha tungi voqealar hayotimni

0:02:16.400,0:02:18.016
o’zgartirib yubordi. Tadqiqotchi

0:02:18.040,0:02:22.816
psixolog faoliyatimni g'amxo'rlik qilish

0:02:22.840,0:02:25.176
qobiliyatini o'rganishga bag’ishladim.

0:02:25.200,0:02:27.440
Uning negizi va hayratli jihati nimada?

0:02:28.120,0:02:31.296
Bu savollar shaxs ijtimoiy tabiatining tub

0:02:31.320,0:02:32.560
mohiyatini anglashga

0:02:33.320,0:02:35.416
ko’maklashuvchi savollardir. Ko’pchilik

0:02:35.440,0:02:38.336
bularga filosof, iqtisodchilardan to oddiy

0:02:38.360,0:02:41.616
aholi shaxs tabiatining egoistligiga,

0:02:41.640,0:02:45.816
ya'ni o’z manfaatimizdan ortmaymiz, deydi

0:02:45.840,0:02:50.136
Agar bu rost bo’lsa, meni qutqargan inson

0:02:50.160,0:02:52.656
o'xshash ba'zi insonlar xavfga qaramay

0:02:52.680,0:02:55.120
yordami uchun jabrlansa ham yordam beradi?

0:02:55.880,0:02:57.176
Bu savolga javob berish

0:02:57.200,0:03:01.296
altruizmning g’ayrioddiy xulqi ildizlarini

0:03:01.320,0:03:03.696
va bunday insonlarning farqli hislatlarini

0:03:03.720,0:03:05.576
tahlil qilishni talab etadi.

0:03:05.600,0:03:08.680
Biroq bu ishlarning salmog'i yetarlimas.

0:03:09.920,0:03:11.736
Meni qutqargan shaxsning harakatlari

0:03:11.760,0:03:14.736
altruizm tushunchasini yaxshi izohlaydi,

0:03:14.760,0:03:17.376
ya’ni asosida hech qanday manfaatsiz,

0:03:17.400,0:03:19.840
jabr ko'rsa ham o'zgalarga yordamga

0:03:20.640,0:03:23.760
oshiqish. O'zgalar manfaatini [br]ko'zlovchi fidokorona harakat.

0:03:24.560,0:03:27.120
Bunday xulqni qanday izohlash mumkin?

0:03:28.120,0:03:30.056
Bulardan biri, shubhasiz, odamiylikdir.

0:03:30.080,0:03:31.880
u altruizmning asosi.

0:03:32.520,0:03:34.136
Biroq shunda savol o’zgaradi,

0:03:34.160,0:03:36.920
bu xislat nega ba’zilarda ko’proq?

0:03:38.120,0:03:42.016
Sababi altruist insonning miyasi [br]boshqalarnikidan

0:03:42.040,0:03:44.240
tubdan farqlanishida deyish mumkin.

0:03:45.120,0:03:47.016
Bunga oydinlik kiritish maqsadida,

0:03:47.040,0:03:49.160
aslida ishni teskari, psixopatlarni

0:03:50.160,0:03:51.360
o'rganishdan boshladim.

0:03:52.680,0:03:55.776
Birovlarga yordam berish xislatini

0:03:55.800,0:03:57.816
tushunishda qo’l keluvchi sodda yondashuv

0:03:57.840,0:04:00.976
bunday istakdan mahrum [br]shaxslarni o'rganish

0:04:01.000,0:04:03.120
psixopatlar ayni shu toifa shaxslaridir.

0:04:04.200,0:04:06.576
Psixopatiya nasldan-naslga o’tuvchi,

0:04:06.600,0:04:08.696
rivojlanishdagi nuqson bo’lib,

0:04:08.720,0:04:11.616
sovuqqon va bag'ritosh shaxsiyat,

0:04:11.640,0:04:15.164
ba'zida o'ta tajovuzkorlikka moyillikdir.

0:04:16.040,0:04:19.296
Ruhiy salomatlik institutida [br]hamkasblarim bilan psixopat

0:04:19.320,0:04:21.935
o’smirlarda miya skanerlari [br]tadqiqotini olib bordik

0:04:21.959,0:04:24.096
va bizning xulosalarimiz

0:04:24.120,0:04:26.976
va bu boradagi boshqa tadqiqotlar xulosasi

0:04:27.000,0:04:29.296
psixopatlarda ayni uch xususiyatning

0:04:29.320,0:04:32.240
mavjudligiga ishora qilmoqda.

0:04:33.160,0:04:37.776
Ular o'zgalarning tuyg'ulariga loqaydmas,

0:04:37.800,0:04:41.576
balki iztirobli holatiga sovuqqonlik [br]bilan qarashadi

0:04:41.600,0:04:42.816
Va ayniqsa, ular yuzdagi

0:04:42.840,0:04:46.736
bunday qo’rquv ifodalarini [br]ajratishda qiynalishadi

0:04:46.760,0:04:50.456
qo’rquv ifodalari esa hissiy [br]iztirobni yetkazadi

0:04:50.480,0:04:53.096
hamda buni ko’rgan kishilarda odamiylik va

0:04:53.120,0:04:54.376
ko'mak istagini uyg’otadi,

0:04:54.400,0:04:57.096
odamiyligi zaif kishilarning bunday

0:04:57.120,0:04:59.240
alomatga beparvo bo'lish moyilligi ham bor

0:05:00.520,0:05:01.736
Yuzdagi qo’rquvni

0:05:01.760,0:05:04.656
tanishda muhim vazifa o'tovchi miya sohasi

0:05:04.680,0:05:05.936
amigdala deb ataladi.

0:05:05.960,0:05:09.376
Amigdaladan butkul mahrum bemorlar juda oz

0:05:09.400,0:05:13.256
ular qo'rquvni butkul aniqlay olishmaydi.

0:05:13.280,0:05:15.656
Sog’lom bolalar va katta yoshlilar

0:05:15.680,0:05:18.296
qo’rquv aks etgan yuzga boqqanlarida

0:05:18.320,0:05:20.456
ularning amigdalasi yuqori darajada faol

0:05:20.480,0:05:23.616
psixopatlar amigdalasining faolligi zaif

0:05:23.640,0:05:25.296
Ba’zida bu faoliyat umuman yo'q

0:05:25.320,0:05:27.940
ehtimol shu sabab bu alomatlarni ilg'amas.

0:05:29.240,0:05:32.376
psixopatlarning amigdalasi 18-20 foiz

0:05:32.400,0:05:34.000
o’rtacha amigdaladan kichikroq.

0:05:34.920,0:05:38.736
Bu topilmalarning bari ishonchli

0:05:38.760,0:05:40.216
va ular juda qiziqarli.

0:05:40.240,0:05:41.896
Asosiy maqsadim kishilar nega

0:05:41.920,0:05:45.456
boshqalar haqida qayg’urmasligini [br]emas buning aksi

0:05:45.480,0:05:47.040
qayg'urishini tushunish edi

0:05:47.880,0:05:50.176
Muhim savol esa shunday,

0:05:50.200,0:05:52.456
psixopatiyadan tubdan farq qiluvchi,

0:05:52.480,0:05:54.696
odamiylik va birovlarga yordam qo’lini

0:05:54.720,0:05:58.136
cho’zishni ko’zlovchi altruizm

0:05:58.160,0:06:02.176
psixopatiyadan o'zgacha miya ta’sirida [br]yuz berishi mumkinmi?

0:06:02.200,0:06:04.440
Psixopatiyaga qaysidir jihatdan teskari

0:06:05.880,0:06:08.976
miya, yuz ifodasiga ta’sirchan amigdala va

0:06:09.000,0:06:11.416
ehtimol o’rtacha miyadan [br]yirikroq miya o'zgalar

0:06:11.440,0:06:13.280
qo’rquvini yaxshiroq[br]ilg'ashi mumkinmi?

0:06:13.920,0:06:15.936
Tadqiqotlarim natijasi bularning barchasi

0:06:15.960,0:06:17.416
haqiqat ekanligini ko’rsatdi.

0:06:17.440,0:06:18.696
Biz bu natijaga chinakam

0:06:18.720,0:06:21.736
altruist insonlarni sinovdan o'tkazib

0:06:21.760,0:06:24.416
erishdik. Ular o’z buyraklaridan [br]birini butkul

0:06:24.440,0:06:25.640
notanishga berishgan.

0:06:26.600,0:06:29.696
Buyraklaridan birining jarrohlik bilan

0:06:29.720,0:06:32.336
olinib, ehtimol qachon ko'rishmaydigan

0:06:32.360,0:06:34.416
notanish xasta bir kishiga o’tkazilishiga

0:06:34.440,0:06:36.480
o'z ixtiyori bilan rozilik bildirgan.

0:06:37.040,0:06:39.840
“Nega bunday qilishadi?” degan savol

0:06:40.520,0:06:41.896
tabiiy. Javob g'ayritabiiy

0:06:41.920,0:06:44.176
altruistlarning tafakkurlari noodatiy

0:06:44.200,0:06:46.000
xislatga egaligida bo’lishi mumkin.

0:06:47.040,0:06:50.256
O'zgalarning qo’rquvini yaxshiroq ilg'aydi

0:06:50.280,0:06:53.696
o'zgalar iztrobini yaxshiroq ilg’ashadi.

0:06:53.720,0:06:58.376
Bu qisman bunday yuz ifodasiga [br]amigdala ta’sirchanligi

0:06:58.400,0:07:01.336
bilan izohlanadi. Miyaning shu sohasi

0:07:01.360,0:07:03.696
passivligi psixopatlarda kuzatilgan edi.

0:07:03.720,0:07:06.616
va ularning amigdalasi hajmi o’rtachadan

0:07:06.640,0:07:07.856
sakkiz foiz yirikroq.

0:07:07.880,0:07:09.616
Ushbu ma’lumotlardan ko'rinadiki,

0:07:09.640,0:07:13.256
dunyoda bir uchi psixopatlar va boshqasida

0:07:13.280,0:07:16.816
odamiylik va altruizmga oshiqqan

0:07:16.840,0:07:19.336
insonlarni o’lchovchi g’amxo’rlik shkalasi

0:07:19.360,0:07:21.280
borligiga ishora qilmoqda.

0:07:22.760,0:07:26.696
Yana shuni ham aytishim kerakki, odamiylik

0:07:26.720,0:07:29.416
fidokor altruistni boshqalardan ajratuvchi

0:07:29.440,0:07:30.656
yakka xislat emas.

0:07:30.680,0:07:32.576
yanada hayratlanarli jihati shundaki,

0:07:32.600,0:07:34.696
ulardagi odamiylik va altruistik xislat

0:07:34.720,0:07:37.656
do’st va birodarlari doirasidagi yaqinlari

0:07:37.680,0:07:39.656
bilangina cheklanmaydi. Chunki

0:07:39.680,0:07:42.936
siz sevgan va sizga dilbandlarga odamiylik

0:07:42.960,0:07:45.160
ko'rsatish noodatiy hol emas.

0:07:46.040,0:07:50.216
Chin altruistning odamiylik chegarasi bu

0:07:50.240,0:07:52.456
doiradan chetga, hatto tanishlari doirasi

0:07:52.480,0:07:55.416
qolib, ijtimoiy guruhdan chetdagi butkul

0:07:55.440,0:07:56.976
notanish kishilargacha, meni

0:07:57.000,0:07:58.600
asrab qolgan inson bunga misol.

0:07:59.960,0:08:03.456
Endilikda o’z buyragini bergan ko’plab

0:08:03.480,0:08:07.856
altruistlardan o’zgalarga shu darajadagi

0:08:07.880,0:08:11.216
odamiylik ko'rsatish sababini bila olaman.

0:08:11.240,0:08:14.736
Ularning javob qaytarishi mushkulligiga

0:08:14.760,0:08:18.816
amin bo'ldim." Hech kim buni xayoliga ham

0:08:18.840,0:08:20.816
keltirmaganda, siz qanday oshiqasiz?

0:08:20.840,0:08:23.256
Siz notanish kishiga buyrak bergan

0:08:23.280,0:08:25.896
2000 amerikalikdan birisiz.

0:08:25.920,0:08:27.760
Sizni farqlovchi jihat nimada? "

0:08:28.400,0:08:29.680
Va ular nima deydilar?

0:08:31.400,0:08:33.320
Ular shunday deydi “hech qanday

0:08:34.200,0:08:35.976
Boshqalardan farq qilmayman.

0:08:36.000,0:08:37.799
Hamma qanday bo’lsa, shundayman."

0:08:39.200,0:08:42.296
O’ylashimcha, savolga javob aynan shunda,

0:08:42.320,0:08:46.160
chunki altruistlarning doirasi bunday emas

0:08:47.240,0:08:49.216
aksincha bundayligiga ishora qilyapti.

0:08:49.240,0:08:50.480
Ularda umuman markaz yo’q.

0:08:51.320,0:08:53.736
Bunday altruistlar tom ma’noda o’zlarini

0:08:53.760,0:08:56.016
biror nimaning markazi, o'zgalardan

0:08:56.040,0:08:59.000
yaxshi va ahamiyatliroq deb bilishmaydi.

0:09:00.000,0:09:03.216
Bir altruistdan buyragini berish sababini

0:09:03.240,0:09:05.960
so'radim. U esa “Gap men haqimda emas.”

0:09:07.040,0:09:08.776
Boshqa biri esa,

0:09:08.800,0:09:11.056
“Boshqalardan farqim yo'q. Noyob emasman"

0:09:11.080,0:09:14.416
Izlanishingiz siz bilan [br]o'xshashligimizni isbotlaydi.

0:09:14.440,0:09:18.536
O’zgalar manfaatini o’zinikidan ustun [br]qo'yish xislatiga

0:09:18.560,0:09:20.416
eng yaxshi

0:09:20.440,0:09:23.536
ta'rif avliyo Avgustin so’zi bilan [br]aytganda insonni farishta

0:09:23.560,0:09:25.080
qiluvchi fazilat, bu kamtarlik.

0:09:26.120,0:09:27.816
Nega deysizmi?

0:09:27.840,0:09:30.616
Negaki doirada hech qanday markaz bo'lmasa

0:09:30.640,0:09:33.176
uning ichki yoki tashqi xalqasi yo’q,

0:09:33.200,0:09:36.096
boshqalardan ko’proq yo kamroq [br]mehrga arziydigan

0:09:36.120,0:09:37.320
hech kim bo’lmaydi.

0:09:37.920,0:09:41.416
Bu g’ayritabiiy altruistni oddiy

0:09:41.440,0:09:42.680
insondan ajratib turadi.

0:09:43.400,0:09:46.976
Bu ko’pchilik, balki aksariyat insonlar

0:09:47.000,0:09:48.976
erishsa bo'ladigan dunyo manzarasidir.

0:09:49.000,0:09:51.256
Chunki altruizm va odamiylik [br]xislati jamiyat

0:09:51.280,0:09:55.000
doirasida allaqchon har yerda [br]yuz bermoqda.

0:09:55.920,0:09:58.376
Psixolog Stiven Pinker va [br]boshqalar fikricha

0:09:58.400,0:10:01.656
sayyoramiz aholisi o’zlarining [br]hamisha kengayuvchi doirasidagi

0:10:01.680,0:10:04.136
insonlarning aziyat chekishlga [br]yo’l qo’ymayapti,

0:10:04.160,0:10:07.216
bu hayvon tahqirlanishidan tortib oilaviy[br]tahqirlanish, o'lim

0:10:07.240,0:10:10.760
jazosidek barcha turdagi qabohat,[br]yovuzliklarning kamayishiga olib kelgan.

0:10:11.480,0:10:14.296
Bu altruizmning o’sishiga sharoit yaratdi.

0:10:14.320,0:10:17.416
O'tgan asr insonlar hozirgi odamlarning

0:10:17.440,0:10:18.936
qon berishi, suyak iligi

0:10:18.960,0:10:22.256
transplantatsiyasi odatiy hol ekanligini

0:10:22.280,0:10:23.920
ahmoqlik deb o’ylagan bo’lardi.

0:10:24.720,0:10:26.816
Insonlar bundan yuz yil keyin

0:10:26.840,0:10:29.416
notanish kishiga buyrak berish xuddi

0:10:29.440,0:10:30.896
hozir qon berish kabi normal

0:10:30.920,0:10:33.936
va odatiy hol deb o’ylashlari mumkinmi?

0:10:33.960,0:10:35.160
Ehtimol.

0:10:35.800,0:10:38.696
Bu ajoyib o’zgarishlarning mohiyati nima?

0:10:38.720,0:10:40.496
Bu qisman farovonlik

0:10:40.520,0:10:43.720
va yashash sharoitining yaxshilanishidan.

0:10:44.600,0:10:47.336
Jumhuriyatlar farovonlashib borgani sayin,

0:10:47.360,0:10:49.976
odamlar ham voqelikka befarq emasdek.

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va natijada xayriya va buyrak berish kabi

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altruizmning turli ko’rinishlari ortmoqda.

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Biroq, bu o’zgarishlarning bari

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paradoksli xulosaga ham sabab bo'ladi.

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ya’ni dunyo yanada insonparvarlashyapti

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va bu ayni haqiqat

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biroq u yanada qabohatlashyapti degan

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noto'gri tushuncha ham yo’q emas.

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Buning boisini aniq bilmayman,

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ammo fikrimcha, hozir biz yiroqdagilarning

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aziyatlari haqida juda ko’p narsa bilamiz,

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va shu sababli o'zgalarning

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g'am-tashvishlariga chuqurroq qayg'uramiz.

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Guvohi bo’layotgan o’zgarishlardan aniqki,

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inson tabiatida qancha yovuzlik bo'lmasin,

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ehtimol undan ham ko’proq odamiylik va

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altruizm ildizlari mujassam

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Ba’zilar o'zgalar iztiroblariga ko’proq

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qayg'uruvchi tabiiy qobiliyati bo'lsa-da,

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Markazidan o'z "men"ini chetlatish

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va hatto begonalarni kiritgan

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odamiylik doirasini kengaytirishga

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hammaning qurbi yetishiga ishonaman.

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Rahmat.

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(Qarsaklar)