0:00:13.715,0:00:15.321 I can say we have to become 0:00:15.321,0:00:17.683 more than just designers 0:00:17.683,0:00:20.244 of the two dimensional facades 0:00:20.244,0:00:21.881 or three dimensional architectural objects. 0:00:21.881,0:00:23.618 We have to become 0:00:23.618,0:00:27.630 designers of ecosystems, systems of both 0:00:27.630,0:00:30.402 ecology and economy that channel 0:00:30.402,0:00:31.787 not only the flow of people 0:00:31.787,0:00:32.847 throughout cities and buildings, 0:00:32.847,0:00:34.631 but also the flow of resources 0:00:34.631,0:00:37.514 like heat, energy, waste and water 0:00:37.514,0:00:41.346 into this sort of perpetual motion engines, 0:00:41.346,0:00:44.116 which is sort of stop seeing our presence, 0:00:44.116,0:00:45.899 the human presence, on the planet earth 0:00:45.899,0:00:48.881 as a sort of detrimental to our eco-system, 0:00:48.881,0:00:52.040 but actually tries to sort of integrate and incorporate 0:00:52.040,0:00:54.614 our consumption patterns and our leftovers 0:00:54.614,0:00:57.468 into our natural environment. 0:00:57.468,0:01:01.630 The reason for this sort of expanded role of the architect 0:01:01.630,0:01:06.347 is because of the atmosphere you capture in this image. 0:01:06.347,0:01:09.032 It was taken at the COP 15, 0:01:09.032,0:01:10.764 the United Nations Conference on Climate Change, 0:01:10.764,0:01:12.232 in Copenhagen, a year and a half ago, 0:01:12.232,0:01:16.144 and as you can see, you know, Sarkozy and Brown 0:01:16.144,0:01:20.432 and Merkel and even Obama, it wasn't exactly a party. 0:01:20.432,0:01:21.813 (Laughter) 0:01:21.813,0:01:25.117 It was like a -- it was a complete failure. 0:01:25.117,0:01:27.110 Essentially none of the goals 0:01:27.110,0:01:29.549 that had been established for the meeting were met, 0:01:29.549,0:01:31.952 and the generals of discussion about sustainability 0:01:31.952,0:01:35.587 was sort of drowning in this general misconception 0:01:35.587,0:01:38.753 that sustainability is a question of how much 0:01:38.753,0:01:42.503 of our existing quality of life are we prepared to sacrifice 0:01:42.503,0:01:45.833 in order to afford becoming sustainable. 0:01:45.833,0:01:47.961 Almost like this sort of protestant idea 0:01:47.961,0:01:49.517 that it has to hurt to do good. 0:01:49.517,0:01:53.302 But sustainability can't be like 0:01:53.302,0:01:55.650 some kind of moral sacrifice 0:01:55.650,0:01:59.222 or political dilemma or even like a philanthropical cause, 0:01:59.222,0:02:01.621 it has to be a design challenge. 0:02:01.621,0:02:05.267 So, when we were sort of recently asked to do 0:02:05.267,0:02:08.312 the Danish pavillion for the Shanghai World Expo 0:02:08.312,0:02:10.778 that was focusing on sustainable cities 0:02:10.778,0:02:13.524 we tried to ask ourselves if there was another sustainability 0:02:13.524,0:02:15.941 than this sort of sad depressing one. 0:02:15.941,0:02:18.484 We tried to ask ourselves if we could find examples 0:02:18.484,0:02:21.021 where sustainable cities and buildings 0:02:21.021,0:02:23.689 actually increased life quality. 0:02:23.689,0:02:25.889 So we decided to make the pavillion 0:02:25.889,0:02:27.694 as a sort of a condensation of how 0:02:27.694,0:02:30.125 Danish cities through their sustainable design 0:02:30.125,0:02:32.608 actually increase life quality. 0:02:32.608,0:02:35.513 We can see the pavillion as a sort of loop of a Danish street 0:02:35.513,0:02:38.805 complete with the blue bicycle lanes of Copenhagen, 0:02:38.805,0:02:40.937 because in Copenhagen 37% 0:02:40.937,0:02:43.119 of the Copenhageners commute by bike, 0:02:43.119,0:02:45.764 so people visiting could actually feel how cool it is 0:02:45.764,0:02:47.531 to ride a bike through the city instead of sitting 0:02:47.531,0:02:52.444 in a traffic jam or looking endlessly for a parking spot. 0:02:52.444,0:02:55.864 Also in Copenhagen, our harbour water 0:02:55.864,0:02:57.913 has become so clean that you can swim in it, 0:02:57.913,0:03:00.381 so that you don't have to, like, take the bus for hours 0:03:00.381,0:03:02.034 to go to the Hamptons, 0:03:02.034,0:03:05.049 you can actually jump in the port. 0:03:05.049,0:03:07.212 So at the heart of the pavillion 0:03:07.212,0:03:09.097 we allow the visitors to experience on their own body 0:03:09.097,0:03:14.686 how clean, if not how cold, the Danish harbour water is. 0:03:14.686,0:03:17.379 And in the middle of this sort of harbour bath 0:03:17.379,0:03:20.880 we decided to place the little mermaid of Denmark, 0:03:20.880,0:03:24.848 not a copy of the mermaid, we actually moved her to China. 0:03:24.848,0:03:28.320 We had to wrestle her out of the hand of the Danish 0:03:28.320,0:03:30.994 equivalent of the tea party, who was trying to 0:03:30.994,0:03:33.881 pass a law specifically against moving the mermaid, 0:03:33.881,0:03:38.109 we had to get her through Chinese customs. 0:03:38.109,0:03:40.438 (Laughter) 0:03:40.438,0:03:42.122 And there she is! 0:03:42.122,0:03:47.414 In her absence we invited the Chinese artist Ai Weiwei 0:03:47.414,0:03:51.135 to sort of install an installation. 0:03:51.135,0:03:54.172 He installed a Chinese surveillance camera. 0:03:54.172,0:03:56.265 It's the same Chinese surveillance camera 0:03:56.265,0:03:59.469 the Chinese State has installed in front of his house. 0:03:59.469,0:04:01.954 This one, however, was part of an installation 0:04:01.954,0:04:04.258 he called "The mermaid exchange". 0:04:04.258,0:04:06.048 It was transmitting a live image 0:04:06.048,0:04:07.782 to a giant flat screen 0:04:07.782,0:04:10.597 so that the Copenhagen tourists that went in vain 0:04:10.597,0:04:16.834 would sort of see that she was alright. 0:04:16.834,0:04:17.974 But sort of more importantly, 0:04:17.974,0:04:19.794 for the six months of the duration of the Expo 0:04:19.794,0:04:22.398 it became like this sort of, the only sort of 0:04:22.398,0:04:27.218 TV feed from China to the rest of the world, 0:04:27.218,0:04:30.765 trasmitting a sort of uncensored live footage, 0:04:30.765,0:04:32.889 almost turning Copenhagen 0:04:32.889,0:04:36.634 into this sort of global speakers' corner for China. 0:04:36.634,0:04:41.079 Sadly, Ai Weiwei has now been sort of silenced, 0:04:41.079,0:04:43.058 like this critical voice of China 0:04:43.058,0:04:45.440 has actually been captured by the government, 0:04:45.440,0:04:48.578 and has been missing for the last six weeks. 0:04:48.578,0:04:50.808 But sort of back in the pavillion, we can say like, 0:04:50.808,0:04:52.369 to just sum it up, what we wanted to 0:04:52.369,0:04:56.552 try to do, was to show how, essentially, 0:04:56.552,0:04:59.014 sustainable life can be more fun than normal life. 0:04:59.014,0:05:00.536 And as a sort of litmus test, 0:05:00.536,0:05:02.865 this is the first image we've pubblished 0:05:02.865,0:05:05.915 of the Danish pavillion. 0:05:05.915,0:05:08.212 You notice the red rectangle. 0:05:08.212,0:05:10.398 This is the first image or one of the first images 0:05:10.398,0:05:12.323 pubblished of Iron man 2, 0:05:12.323,0:05:16.330 showing Tony Stark's Mad Science Expo, 0:05:16.330,0:05:19.333 and if you sort of compare the two rectangles. 0:05:19.333,0:05:21.035 This is Hollywood and this Shanghai, 0:05:21.035,0:05:24.097 so first of all like this is, this is big business 0:05:24.097,0:05:27.365 it's America, the land of litigation, we should 0:05:27.365,0:05:30.098 we should sue them and get rich. 0:05:30.098,0:05:31.203 But then we thought 0:05:31.203,0:05:33.585 that sort of Coco Chanel said that copying 0:05:33.585,0:05:36.184 is the highest form of compliment, and you know, 0:05:36.184,0:05:38.848 if Hollywood starts using our sustainable architecture 0:05:38.848,0:05:40.765 to portrait science fiction, it could be a sign 0:05:40.765,0:05:45.380 that we are moving towards hedonistic sustainability. 0:05:45.380,0:05:48.182 So another idea we've been working on 0:05:48.182,0:05:49.947 to try to build this idea of how 0:05:49.947,0:05:53.160 artificial design can actually be most of, 0:05:53.160,0:05:56.998 be environmentally aware but also increase life quality. 0:05:56.998,0:05:59.813 We started a project we called "The Mountain", in Copenhagen 0:05:59.813,0:06:01.945 It's essentially a combination 0:06:01.945,0:06:05.738 of a big parking building and an apartment building, 0:06:05.738,0:06:07.838 but the parking creates a man-made mountain 0:06:07.838,0:06:11.350 that lifts all the apartments up in the sun and the view, 0:06:11.350,0:06:13.654 creating this sort of houses with gardens, 0:06:13.654,0:06:16.730 but in the middle of the Danish city. 0:06:16.730,0:06:18.504 We called this idea architectural alchemy, 0:06:18.504,0:06:20.473 because it's this idea that by mixing 0:06:20.473,0:06:22.902 traditional ingredients, like parkings and apartments, 0:06:22.902,0:06:25.627 you can actually create if not gold, 0:06:25.627,0:06:28.431 then at least added value. 0:06:28.431,0:06:30.658 We took this idea one step further 0:06:30.658,0:06:32.847 in a project in Copenhagen, 0:06:32.847,0:06:36.082 where sort of by mixing shops and offices, 0:06:36.082,0:06:39.046 town houses and apartments, putting them in a 0:06:39.046,0:06:41.708 stak where they occupy their favourite position 0:06:41.708,0:06:44.286 distorting the block to sort of maximise 0:06:44.286,0:06:47.492 views for the apartments and access to sunlight, 0:06:47.492,0:06:50.535 we created this building we call "The 8 House", 0:06:50.535,0:06:52.780 named after its shape. 0:06:52.780,0:06:54.974 And this sort of approach 0:06:54.974,0:06:58.015 doesn't only allow us to optimize the individual position 0:06:58.015,0:07:00.900 of the different parts of the program, 0:07:00.900,0:07:03.630 like leaving shops and offices on the street, 0:07:03.630,0:07:05.331 lifting the town houses with gardens 0:07:05.331,0:07:10.596 up into the sunshine, but it also sort of allows 0:07:10.596,0:07:13.420 public life, which is traditionally 0:07:13.420,0:07:15.380 restricted to occurring on street level, 0:07:15.380,0:07:18.162 to actually invade the three dimensional space 0:07:18.162,0:07:20.768 of the urban block, so that the 8 House in Copenhagen 0:07:20.768,0:07:23.641 is not, you know, a two dimensional facade design 0:07:23.641,0:07:24.756 or even a three dimensional 0:07:24.756,0:07:27.246 architectural object, it's a sort of three dimensional 0:07:27.246,0:07:31.347 urban condition that allows, public life 0:07:31.347,0:07:34.682 the possibility for spontaneous social encounters, 0:07:34.682,0:07:37.996 to actually invade the normally private space 0:07:37.996,0:07:39.365 of the urban block and reach 0:07:39.365,0:07:43.614 the penthouse of the city. 0:07:43.614,0:07:47.109 So this building is at the edge 0:07:47.109,0:07:50.457 of Copenhagen, basically at the city limits, 0:07:50.457,0:07:54.100 so you have this clash of life forms. 0:07:54.100,0:07:58.196 The last idea in the 8 House, it is essentially 0:07:58.196,0:07:59.698 like a private developer project, 0:07:59.698,0:08:01.987 built for private apartments and town houses, 0:08:01.987,0:08:04.711 but somehow it has this sort of generosity 0:08:04.711,0:08:07.827 towards the city that it invites public life into it. 0:08:07.827,0:08:10.271 This sort of idea of public participation, 0:08:10.271,0:08:12.668 we took one step further in a project 0:08:12.668,0:08:15.106 we did for the new city hall in Tallin. 0:08:15.106,0:08:17.439 We thought that instead of having 0:08:17.439,0:08:19.122 this sort of traditional dicotomy of the 0:08:19.122,0:08:21.361 politicians inside and the public outside, 0:08:21.361,0:08:24.897 we would harbour the city hall above the ground 0:08:24.897,0:08:28.975 allowing the public to invade the ground floor 0:08:28.975,0:08:31.382 in what we called the public service market place, 0:08:31.382,0:08:34.076 where they can interact with the public servants 0:08:34.076,0:08:37.772 and even sort of see the politicians at work. 0:08:37.772,0:08:39.899 We called it the public village, 0:08:39.899,0:08:42.147 because it is essentially like an accumulation of all 0:08:42.147,0:08:43.869 of the different departments that have their own building. 0:08:43.869,0:08:47.162 They sort of merge to form a 0:08:47.162,0:08:50.248 a sort of a single consolidated village. 0:08:50.248,0:08:51.996 In one place we invited the people of Tallin 0:08:51.996,0:08:55.131 to access the roof and enjoy the panorama 0:08:55.131,0:08:57.930 of the surrounding city. 0:08:57.930,0:09:00.345 And finally in the masterplan they wanted 0:09:00.345,0:09:02.221 a tower, because like in Europe 0:09:02.221,0:09:04.833 it's hard to imagine a city hall without a tower. 0:09:04.833,0:09:07.575 So we thought, what are we going to do with the tower? 0:09:07.575,0:09:09.097 We thought, why don't we place 0:09:09.097,0:09:11.149 the city council inside the tower? 0:09:11.149,0:09:14.847 So we created this incredibly generous space for political reflection. 0:09:14.847,0:09:17.137 The ceiling is made as a giant mirror, 0:09:17.137,0:09:19.790 so that when politicians have to make difficult decisions, 0:09:19.790,0:09:21.887 all they have to do is to look up, 0:09:21.887,0:09:24.898 and they get this sort of periscopic overview 0:09:24.898,0:09:28.270 of the city that they are actually messing with. 0:09:28.270,0:09:30.432 (Applause) 0:09:30.432,0:09:32.564 But as a sort of a side effect, 0:09:32.564,0:09:35.555 when the angry citizens gather to demonstrate, 0:09:35.555,0:09:38.986 they get this perfect insight, 0:09:38.986,0:09:41.015 they can see, you know, 0:09:41.015,0:09:42.940 if politicians are missing, if they are sleeping, 0:09:42.940,0:09:45.667 if they are playing Angry Birds. 0:09:45.667,0:09:48.596 So we called it 0:09:48.596,0:09:50.314 the democratic periscope 0:09:50.314,0:09:53.715 that combines political overview with public insight. 0:09:53.715,0:09:55.879 And to our extreme luck the City council 0:09:55.879,0:09:57.834 liked the idea and we are now building 0:09:57.834,0:10:00.769 this sort of architectural relaxation 0:10:00.769,0:10:04.332 of radical political transparency. 0:10:04.332,0:10:08.416 So these three ideas we tried to bring together in 0:10:08.416,0:10:12.598 what is, until now, our biggest 0:10:12.598,0:10:14.625 project, it combines 0:10:14.625,0:10:16.270 this idea of hedonistic sustainability 0:10:16.270,0:10:19.016 with this sort of architectural alchemy and this 0:10:19.016,0:10:21.181 notion of public participation. 0:10:21.181,0:10:23.858 It's located within a masterplan 0:10:23.858,0:10:25.980 we were commissioned by the 10 municipalities 0:10:25.980,0:10:29.024 of Metropolitan Copenhagen, to do a plan 0:10:29.024,0:10:32.348 according to, like along the new train line 0:10:32.348,0:10:34.764 that would connect all the municipalities. 0:10:34.764,0:10:37.290 What we proposed in return to saying 0:10:37.290,0:10:40.767 why just focus on Copenhagen, or even Denmark, 0:10:40.767,0:10:44.349 right on the other side of the Oresund waters 0:10:44.349,0:10:47.830 we have Sweden, southern Sweden. 0:10:47.830,0:10:49.898 It is sort of the most densely populated 0:10:49.898,0:10:51.996 and most economically active region 0:10:51.996,0:10:55.309 in Scandinavia, and by adding a simple 3 mile bridge 0:10:55.309,0:10:57.514 we could actually connect it all 0:10:57.514,0:11:00.200 into a sort of a single bi-national 0:11:00.200,0:11:02.730 metropolitan region where no area 0:11:02.730,0:11:05.139 is further away than fourty minutes 0:11:05.139,0:11:07.861 by public transportation. 0:11:07.861,0:11:09.764 And it wouldn't just be like an infrastructure 0:11:09.764,0:11:12.080 for public transportation, it would also be 0:11:12.080,0:11:14.444 an infrastructure for waste management, 0:11:14.444,0:11:16.567 for water management, for energy, 0:11:16.567,0:11:18.213 combining a smart grid that combines 0:11:18.213,0:11:20.164 hydro electricity from Sweden 0:11:20.164,0:11:23.587 with wind power from Denmark. 0:11:23.587,0:11:25.782 It connects all of the most prosperous businesses 0:11:25.782,0:11:28.850 in the entire region and by merging it 0:11:28.850,0:11:31.038 and making it sort of a bi-national masterplan. 0:11:31.038,0:11:33.295 We also introduced 0:11:33.295,0:11:37.481 pink in the flag for the first time. (Laughter) 0:11:37.481,0:11:39.547 It has exactly the same size 0:11:39.547,0:11:41.122 as the San Francisco Bay area. 0:11:41.122,0:11:42.474 So it is actually quite likely 0:11:42.474,0:11:44.981 sort of a regional planning size, 0:11:44.981,0:11:46.499 just because of the national boundaries, 0:11:46.499,0:11:49.895 this sort of holistic perspective has never been applied. 0:11:49.895,0:11:51.732 And our idea was to instead of focusing 0:11:51.732,0:11:53.277 on the individual infrastructure, 0:11:53.277,0:11:55.696 to actually merge it all, so that the train line is also 0:11:55.696,0:11:58.973 the first faced densification of the downtown areas. 0:11:58.973,0:12:00.465 The train really stops 0:12:00.465,0:12:02.742 at the heart of the different neighbourhoods. 0:12:02.742,0:12:05.380 And finally, since we are combining 0:12:05.380,0:12:08.051 industry, commerce and residential 0:12:08.051,0:12:09.855 we are proposing that perhaps 0:12:09.855,0:12:11.965 the excess energy from the power production 0:12:11.965,0:12:13.748 of the industry could become 0:12:13.748,0:12:17.480 like a human programme, like thermal baths. 0:12:17.480,0:12:20.246 So this could sound like sort of science fiction 0:12:20.246,0:12:22.747 or the Jetsons, but to take it to 0:12:22.747,0:12:25.617 something really tangible, this is going to be the first 0:12:25.617,0:12:29.282 building that we're completing within the Loop city. 0:12:29.282,0:12:32.530 It's a waste-to-energy plant. 0:12:32.530,0:12:36.683 In Copenhagen we only landfill 4% of our waste -- 0:12:36.683,0:12:39.968 as an example in Chicago it is 85% -- 0:12:39.968,0:12:42.135 42% gets recycled, 0:12:42.135,0:12:50.264 and 54% is essentially used as fuel to create heat and electricity. 0:12:50.264,0:12:53.026 97% of the homes in Copenhagen have district heating, 0:12:53.026,0:12:55.039 so they don't spend any energy on heating 0:12:55.039,0:12:57.814 in a very cold country, they get it all as excess heat 0:12:57.814,0:12:59.976 from the power production. 0:12:59.976,0:13:02.092 And essentially they form this loop 0:13:02.092,0:13:04.545 that people give their trash to the incineration plant 0:13:04.545,0:13:06.963 and they get it back as power. 0:13:06.963,0:13:09.414 So as a thumb rule, three kilos of 0:13:09.414,0:13:12.031 household trash turn into four hours of electricity 0:13:12.031,0:13:15.693 and five hours of heating. And just to give you an idea of 0:13:15.693,0:13:18.818 this resource, one tonne of waste is almost 0:13:18.818,0:13:21.396 two barrels of oil. But essentially 0:13:21.396,0:13:23.372 this is a power plant like any other, 0:13:23.372,0:13:26.083 it's a big, ugly, boxy factory 0:13:26.083,0:13:27.885 that casts shadow on the neighbours 0:13:27.885,0:13:30.498 and blocks the view, so the city wanted, 0:13:30.498,0:13:32.532 since it is located in downtown Copenhagen, 0:13:32.532,0:13:34.767 to somehow try to make it beautiful. 0:13:34.767,0:13:36.770 It should be a gift to the city, 0:13:36.770,0:13:39.847 said the CEO of the plant. 0:13:39.847,0:13:42.368 So this is not only going to be the biggest building 0:13:42.368,0:13:44.465 in Copenhagen, it is also going to be the tallest, 0:13:44.465,0:13:47.080 it is going to be more than 350 feet tall. 0:13:47.080,0:13:51.048 It's located right in the middle of the historical city, 0:13:51.048,0:13:53.331 you can see just the opera, the royal theatre, 0:13:53.331,0:13:55.857 downtown, and that's where it is going. 0:13:55.857,0:13:57.650 It is right next to the Copenhagen marina. 0:13:57.650,0:13:59.886 And right in front of it there is something called 0:13:59.886,0:14:02.432 the Copenhagen cable track, 0:14:02.432,0:14:04.564 which is a track that pools wakeboarders, 0:14:04.564,0:14:06.859 and water skiers around in this sort of 0:14:06.859,0:14:10.534 perpetual loop of water fun. 0:14:10.534,0:14:13.654 And speaking of skiing, Copenhagen has loved skiing, 0:14:13.654,0:14:16.749 but unfortunately Copenhagen is flat as a pancake, 0:14:16.749,0:14:18.881 we have the snow but we don't have the hills 0:14:18.881,0:14:21.580 so we heavily go for hours on buses 0:14:21.580,0:14:24.299 to the south of Sweden, so we thought, 0:14:24.299,0:14:28.164 you know, if Copenhagen doesn't have mountains, 0:14:28.164,0:14:32.979 at least we have mountains of trash, so why don't we 0:14:32.979,0:14:35.383 transplant one of the Swedish ski slopes 0:14:35.383,0:14:38.532 and put it on the roof of the factory? 0:14:38.532,0:14:41.359 So essentially we know the size of the machines, 0:14:41.359,0:14:44.152 so we created this sort of minimum envelope. 0:14:44.152,0:14:47.662 They wanted to make a visitor centre, 0:14:47.662,0:14:49.140 which essentially is a place 0:14:49.140,0:14:51.100 where school teachers drag the children 0:14:51.100,0:14:54.649 to force them to listen to how trash turns into energy. 0:14:54.649,0:14:57.197 Instead we proposed to install 0:14:57.197,0:14:59.867 an elevator that takes you to the roof, 0:14:59.867,0:15:01.146 where you can choose between 0:15:01.146,0:15:04.764 a green, a blue and black ski slope. 0:15:04.764,0:15:06.449 And because it is man-made, we can make sure 0:15:06.449,0:15:08.541 that it ends up at the foot of the elevator, 0:15:08.541,0:15:12.648 to create this sort of perpetual loop of skiing. 0:15:12.648,0:15:15.859 Miraculously we actually won the competition 0:15:15.859,0:15:17.948 based on this idea. 0:15:17.948,0:15:21.379 (Applause) 0:15:21.379,0:15:24.656 The roof material is a form of artificial carpet 0:15:24.656,0:15:28.180 that all the rainwater that drops on the mountain 0:15:28.180,0:15:31.562 is collected and can be blown out 0:15:31.562,0:15:33.881 in these humidifiers, that in the summer 0:15:33.881,0:15:36.147 can actually create so little friction that, 0:15:36.147,0:15:39.264 with normal skiing equipment you can actually ski, 0:15:39.264,0:15:42.014 creating this sort of nice brasilian 0:15:42.014,0:15:45.681 hybrid of bikini skiing. 0:15:45.681,0:15:47.930 But in the winter we do have 0:15:47.930,0:15:51.982 three to four months of frost and snow. 0:15:51.982,0:15:53.703 So from 2015 0:15:53.703,0:15:55.842 you are going to have to look out 0:15:55.842,0:16:00.438 for the Danish competitors in Alpine skiing! 0:16:00.438,0:16:02.332 You know, originally the competition was 0:16:02.332,0:16:03.846 to make the factory look good, 0:16:03.846,0:16:05.707 so we also had to do a facade. 0:16:05.707,0:16:08.064 We proposed to make it out of these giant planters 0:16:08.064,0:16:13.346 made out of recycled plastics. The excess water 0:16:13.346,0:16:15.681 runs through the facade watering the plants, 0:16:15.681,0:16:17.866 so in the summer we create this sort of 0:16:17.866,0:16:20.274 natural shade that turns the working space 0:16:20.274,0:16:22.715 of the factory into this sort of nice, naturally illuminated 0:16:22.715,0:16:25.391 and naturally ventilated work space. 0:16:25.391,0:16:29.287 At night you see the machines working inside the factory. 0:16:29.287,0:16:32.514 So you can say, the initial vision, 0:16:32.514,0:16:34.603 you know of trying to design our cities and buildings 0:16:34.603,0:16:38.106 as ecosystems, is quite close to materializing 0:16:38.106,0:16:40.027 in this project, because not only locally 0:16:40.027,0:16:43.745 there is this reuse of the water, the daylight, 0:16:43.745,0:16:45.681 the natural ventilation, 0:16:45.681,0:16:47.533 but also in a more regional perspective, 0:16:47.533,0:16:49.932 together with Copenhagen and the rest of the loop city 0:16:49.932,0:16:54.070 the plant actually forms an ecosystem. 0:16:54.070,0:16:56.772 As a last thing, they were imagining, 0:16:56.772,0:16:57.847 they wanted some kind of 0:16:57.847,0:16:59.163 building integrated art project, 0:16:59.163,0:17:00.646 and traditionally what you do, 0:17:00.646,0:17:02.980 you hire some light artist to blow coloured lights 0:17:02.980,0:17:05.770 at the building at night. We thought, 0:17:05.770,0:17:09.227 why don't we play with the resources we have? 0:17:09.227,0:17:11.067 This is going to be the cleanest waste-to-energy plant 0:17:11.067,0:17:13.311 in the world, the smoke coming out 0:17:13.311,0:17:16.014 of the chimney is completely non toxic, 0:17:16.014,0:17:19.479 but it still does contain some CO2. 0:17:19.479,0:17:21.731 A lot less than the current plant, but it does contain 0:17:21.731,0:17:23.568 some of it. So we thought, 0:17:23.568,0:17:26.265 why don't we design the mouth of the chimney 0:17:26.265,0:17:30.014 in such a way that it fills gradually with CO2 0:17:30.014,0:17:33.579 and when it contains 100 kilos, it compresses 0:17:33.579,0:17:42.797 and puffs a giant smoke ring? 0:17:42.797,0:17:46.881 So that we can play with it at night! 0:17:46.881,0:17:49.862 But of course, on one end we like it, cause it's 0:17:49.862,0:17:52.514 almost like the ultimate artistic expression 0:17:52.514,0:17:54.124 of hedonistic sustainability, 0:17:54.124,0:17:56.103 you take the symbol of the problem, 0:17:56.103,0:17:57.314 the pollution, the chimney, 0:17:57.314,0:18:00.354 and turn it into something playful. 0:18:00.354,0:18:03.880 But one of the main drivers of behavioural change 0:18:03.880,0:18:07.652 is knowledge, but if people don't know they can't act. 0:18:07.652,0:18:10.182 And when my nephews ask me, you know, 0:18:10.182,0:18:13.250 what's a ton of CO2, I have to say, I don't have a clue! 0:18:13.250,0:18:16.313 In 2015 I can tell them to count 10 smoke rings 0:18:16.313,0:18:18.563 and when they have counted 10 of them, 0:18:18.563,0:18:22.015 we have just emitted one ton of CO2. 0:18:22.015,0:18:24.347 So, we can say the waste-to-energy plant 0:18:24.347,0:18:25.735 in Copenhagen is not only sort of 0:18:25.735,0:18:27.745 economically and ecologically sustainable, 0:18:27.745,0:18:30.054 by turning waste into energy, it's also 0:18:30.054,0:18:32.632 socially sustainable because it turns a power plant 0:18:32.632,0:18:35.051 into a park, and it turns a flat land 0:18:35.051,0:18:39.556 into a man-made mountain for skiing. 0:18:39.556,0:18:41.951 So, as a last thing, you might object that 0:18:41.951,0:18:43.378 this is something that can only happen 0:18:43.378,0:18:50.649 in sunny, semi-socialist, sentimental Scandinavia. 0:18:50.649,0:18:51.947 But just to wrap it up, 0:18:51.947,0:18:55.595 recently we got approached by Durst Fetner Residential, 0:18:55.595,0:18:58.147 of Manhattan, to look at this side 0:18:58.147,0:19:01.010 on the west side water front. 0:19:01.010,0:19:04.304 It's quite far away from the nearby parks, 0:19:04.304,0:19:05.747 it's right next to the Helena, a building 0:19:05.747,0:19:08.631 owned by our client, named after his daughter. 0:19:08.631,0:19:11.181 And normally residential in the area 0:19:11.181,0:19:13.263 looks like this, sort of sturdy boxes, we thought: 0:19:13.263,0:19:15.566 why don't we, you know, having spent 10 years of 0:19:15.566,0:19:17.062 my career as an architect trying to escape 0:19:17.062,0:19:19.348 the tiranny of the Copenhagen courtyard 0:19:19.348,0:19:22.062 as a typology, we thought that maybe, in Manhattan 0:19:22.062,0:19:23.687 this idea of creating an urban oasis 0:19:23.687,0:19:26.455 at the heart of the block could be interesting, 0:19:26.455,0:19:28.264 If you like, the Copenhagen courtyard 0:19:28.264,0:19:29.574 is at the architectural scale 0:19:29.574,0:19:31.870 what Central Park is at an urban scale, 0:19:31.870,0:19:33.680 a human habitat surrounded by 0:19:33.680,0:19:36.971 a dense wall of people. 0:19:36.971,0:19:38.318 So we asked ourselves, 0:19:38.318,0:19:39.815 what happens when you combine a skyscraper 0:19:39.815,0:19:41.729 with a courtyard? Essentially, what would a 0:19:41.729,0:19:45.202 courtscraper look like? 0:19:45.202,0:19:47.364 So we first we placed the courtyard next to the Helena, 0:19:47.364,0:19:49.203 we tried to preserve all of its views 0:19:49.203,0:19:51.227 to be a good neighbour, but also because it is 0:19:51.227,0:19:53.926 our client's building. 0:19:53.926,0:19:56.956 And then in the north east corner, to create 0:19:56.956,0:19:59.233 density and views, we lifted it up to 450 feet, 0:19:59.233,0:20:02.763 creating this sort of walked perimeter block 0:20:02.763,0:20:07.052 that has views and sunshine from the west side. 0:20:07.052,0:20:08.241 And what happens is that you can say, traditionally 0:20:08.241,0:20:10.395 perimeter blocks or courtyards 0:20:10.395,0:20:13.412 are secrets kept for the tenants. 0:20:13.412,0:20:14.268 In this case, it really becomes 0:20:14.268,0:20:16.184 the main facade of the building towards the highway, 0:20:16.184,0:20:18.913 almost showing how the rejuvination of the waterfront 0:20:18.913,0:20:22.026 moves into the city fabric itself. 0:20:22.026,0:20:23.663 And the warped geometry also brings daylight 0:20:23.663,0:20:25.984 to the streetscape, and finally 0:20:25.984,0:20:29.114 all of the apartments are rotated towards the view, 0:20:29.114,0:20:32.553 creating this sort of pattern of balconies, 0:20:32.553,0:20:33.981 but also allowing the residents 0:20:33.981,0:20:35.727 to recognise their own apartment, 0:20:35.727,0:20:39.229 almost as a building within the building. 0:20:39.229,0:20:40.880 And of course, people living next to the roof 0:20:40.880,0:20:43.330 have this nice view of the Hudson. 0:20:43.330,0:20:45.014 So, because of the incredible asimmetry, 0:20:45.014,0:20:47.079 the courtyard really goes from 42 inches 0:20:47.079,0:20:49.081 to 400 feet and back down again. 0:20:49.081,0:20:53.082 So this has been sort of passed forward, 0:20:53.082,0:20:54.488 this has been well received, 0:20:54.488,0:20:56.412 and according to plan, and sometimes, 0:20:56.412,0:21:00.014 even in architecture, things happen according to plan. 0:21:00.014,0:21:01.631 We should be breaking ground 0:21:01.631,0:21:04.413 the 1st of September this year. 0:21:04.413,0:21:08.133 (Applause) 0:21:08.133,0:21:10.468 So you are gonna see some of the 0:21:10.468,0:21:12.597 sort of architectural evolution 0:21:12.597,0:21:14.049 we have been conducting in Scandinavia 0:21:14.049,0:21:15.887 is now starting to cross-breed 0:21:15.887,0:21:18.858 with the New York typologies. 0:21:18.858,0:21:20.431 To finish off, this is what it could look like 0:21:20.431,0:21:24.672 driving down the west side highway in four years. 0:22:13.161,0:22:18.502 (Aplause)