1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:03,544 願平安與各位同在! 2 00:00:03,544 --> 00:00:05,230 歡迎大家蒞臨多哈 3 00:00:05,230 --> 00:00:08,632 我嘅工作係負責卡塔爾嘅食品安全 4 00:00:08,632 --> 00:00:10,683 未來兩年 5 00:00:10,683 --> 00:00:13,099 我仲要規劃整個主項目 6 00:00:13,099 --> 00:00:16,632 同埋喺之後嗰十年執行項目 7 00:00:16,632 --> 00:00:18,652 當然有好多同事兼埋一齊做啦 8 00:00:18,652 --> 00:00:23,299 但首先,我想同大家分享一個我自己嘅故仔 9 00:00:23,299 --> 00:00:27,167 呢個故仔發生喺大家身處嘅呢個國家 10 00:00:27,167 --> 00:00:30,717 在座嘅大多數今日都應該食過三餐 11 00:00:30,717 --> 00:00:35,250 或者喺活動之後仲會食添 12 00:00:35,250 --> 00:00:39,683 但係,二十世紀四十年代嘅卡塔爾是乜嘢樣嘅呢? 13 00:00:39,683 --> 00:00:43,883 大概有 11,000 人口 14 00:00:43,883 --> 00:00:50,899 冇水、冇能源、冇石油、冇汽車…乜都冇 15 00:00:50,899 --> 00:00:52,294 喺度生活嘅大多數人 16 00:00:52,294 --> 00:00:54,766 一係喺海邊村莊打魚為生 17 00:00:54,766 --> 00:01:00,716 一係周圍遊牧揾水源 18 00:01:00,716 --> 00:01:04,118 宜家大家所見嘅迷人景緻喺當時仲未有嘅 19 00:01:04,118 --> 00:01:09,266 多哈、迪拜、阿布扎比、科威特或者利雅得以前都係好落後 20 00:01:09,266 --> 00:01:11,883 之所以落後唔係因為人哋發展唔到城市 21 00:01:11,883 --> 00:01:13,982 而係事關資源貧乏 22 00:01:13,982 --> 00:01:16,815 眾所週知,當時嘅人均壽命短 23 00:01:16,815 --> 00:01:18,717 大多數人嘅壽命都係得 50 歲 24 00:01:18,717 --> 00:01:22,516 隨著時光飛逝,石油時代𦲷臨嘞 25 00:01:22,516 --> 00:01:25,733 1939 年,當時嘅人首次喺中東發現石油 26 00:01:25,733 --> 00:01:30,533 但遺憾嘅係,直到二戰之前 27 00:01:30,533 --> 00:01:32,983 石油仲未得到全面嘅商業開採 28 00:01:32,983 --> 00:01:35,117 咁,石油到底起到幾大作用? 29 00:01:35,117 --> 00:01:38,417 正如各位所見,佢改變咗呢個國家嘅面貌 30 00:01:38,417 --> 00:01:42,149 佢亦令喺沙漠 31 00:01:42,149 --> 00:01:45,433 揾水源同食物嘅遊牧民族 32 00:01:45,433 --> 00:01:49,536 移居到城市 33 00:01:49,536 --> 00:01:51,500 大家可能會覺得奇︰ 34 00:01:51,500 --> 00:01:55,349 我屋企人嘅口音不盡相同 35 00:01:55,349 --> 00:01:59,349 我嘅母親同我嘅父親嘅口音有好大分別 36 00:01:59,349 --> 00:02:04,383 那怕喺呢個人口 30 萬嘅國家 37 00:02:04,383 --> 00:02:07,917 就已經有五六種唔同口音 38 00:02:07,917 --> 00:02:11,733 有人會問點解? 39 00:02:11,733 --> 00:02:13,516 査實係事關我哋住得好零散 40 00:02:13,516 --> 00:02:18,668 我哋之前冇可能咁集中居住,事關資源唔集中 41 00:02:18,668 --> 00:02:22,479 但當資源,即係石油,豐富嘅時候 42 00:02:22,479 --> 00:02:25,533 我哋就開始發展先進技術 43 00:02:25,533 --> 00:02:29,183 並因應發展所需,將人集中起嚟 44 00:02:29,183 --> 00:02:31,567 住喺唔同地方嘅人開始瞭解對方 45 00:02:31,567 --> 00:02:35,516 亦因此發現大家嘅口音好唔相同 46 00:02:35,516 --> 00:02:38,451 以上就係石油時代嘅情況 47 00:02:38,451 --> 00:02:40,566 宜家我哋嚟關注今日 48 00:02:40,566 --> 00:02:45,292 呢個就係今時今日嘅多哈 49 00:02:45,292 --> 00:02:46,683 今日嘅人口有幾多? 50 00:02:46,683 --> 00:02:48,933 經已係 170 萬人嘅大城市 51 00:02:48,933 --> 00:02:51,632 而發展所花嘅時間少過 60 年 52 00:02:51,632 --> 00:02:57,534 過去五年經濟平均增長 15% 53 00:02:57,534 --> 00:03:00,367 壽命預期提升至 78 歲 54 00:03:00,367 --> 00:03:05,176 人均用水量上到 430 升 55 00:03:05,176 --> 00:03:08,583 人均用水量達到世界高水平 56 00:03:08,583 --> 00:03:10,750 由水資源極其匱乏 57 00:03:10,750 --> 00:03:16,234 到用水量達到世最高水平 58 00:03:16,234 --> 00:03:20,000 我唔知係咪因為過往啲人太缺乏水嘅緣故 59 00:03:20,000 --> 00:03:26,200 之不過呢個故仔最盞鬼係乜嘢呢? 60 00:03:26,200 --> 00:03:29,383 最盞鬼係過去五年係冇水嘅情況下 61 00:03:29,383 --> 00:03:35,983 我哋仍然能夠保持 15% 經濟增長 62 00:03:35,983 --> 00:03:40,933 呢個簡宜係傳奇,係從未喺歷史出現過嘅 63 00:03:40,933 --> 00:03:44,866 歷史上,冇水嘅城市都會被廢棄 64 00:03:44,866 --> 00:03:47,382 但係喺多哈,啲人卻係改寫歷史 65 00:03:47,382 --> 00:03:49,299 城市唔止係講緊興建咁簡單 66 00:03:49,299 --> 00:03:54,452 更加裝住好多人嘅夢想,想成為科學家、醫生 67 00:03:54,452 --> 00:03:57,601 佢哋都想起靚嘅家園,請建築師設計屋企 68 00:03:57,601 --> 00:04:03,800 正因為人嘅堅定同努力,令呢笪不毛之地變成宜居繁榮 69 00:04:03,800 --> 00:04:05,769 但一切都必須歸功於先進科技 70 00:04:05,769 --> 00:04:12,283 巴西嘅年降雨量有 1,782 毫米 71 00:04:12,283 --> 00:04:15,134 卡塔爾淨係得 74,但同巴西經濟發展率一樣 72 00:04:15,134 --> 00:04:17,150 問題在於 73 00:04:17,150 --> 00:04:20,416 我哋點齋靠 74 毫米嘅雨量成就今日嘅呢? 74 00:04:20,416 --> 00:04:22,500 雖然我哋冇水資源 75 00:04:22,500 --> 00:04:28,799 但我哋有好龐大嘅海水淨化裝置 76 00:04:28,799 --> 00:04:32,967 呢個時候能源就係關鍵。能源改變一切 77 00:04:32,967 --> 00:04:37,466 能源就係我哋從地底抽取同消耗嘅石油 78 00:04:37,466 --> 00:04:40,466 査實在大多數人嚟到多哈都係靠佢 79 00:04:40,466 --> 00:04:43,367 所以,石油就似係我哋嘅湖泊 80 00:04:43,367 --> 00:04:45,216 同河流 81 00:04:45,216 --> 00:04:50,558 事關有佢,大家先至有淡水可用 82 00:04:50,558 --> 00:04:57,184 講到呢度,海水淡化技術係對呢個地方最大嘅恩物 83 00:04:57,184 --> 00:04:59,452 但風險係乜嘢? 84 00:04:59,452 --> 00:05:01,002 你哋有冇擔心過? 85 00:05:01,002 --> 00:05:04,918 我想講嘅係,當我哋放眼全球 86 00:05:04,918 --> 00:05:07,509 你就會發現,擔心並非多餘 87 00:05:07,509 --> 00:05:10,018 人口不斷增長,對資源嘅需求亦都不斷增長 88 00:05:10,018 --> 00:05:13,267 幾個月前,全球人口總數經已經超過 70 億 89 00:05:13,267 --> 00:05:16,759 隨之而嚟嘅就係對食物需求嘅增長 90 00:05:16,759 --> 00:05:19,967 據預測,到 2050 年全球人口會突破 90 億 91 00:05:19,967 --> 00:05:22,823 對於一個缺乏水資源嘅國家嚟講 92 00:05:22,823 --> 00:05:26,474 必須要考慮未來人口增長帶嚟嘅負擔 93 00:05:26,474 --> 00:05:28,806 呢一事實甚至變咗人嘅飲食方式 94 00:05:28,806 --> 00:05:32,872 隨著社會經濟水平嘅提高 95 00:05:32,872 --> 00:05:35,055 人嘅飲食習慣亦都隨之改變 96 00:05:35,055 --> 00:05:38,055 例如會食更加多肉 97 00:05:38,055 --> 00:05:40,408 另一方面,因為氣候變化同其他原因 98 00:05:40,408 --> 00:05:43,106 農作物產量減少 99 00:05:43,106 --> 00:05:48,274 所以,人不得不面對危機會發生嘅事實 100 00:05:48,274 --> 00:05:52,089 呢個就係卡塔爾嘅現狀 101 00:05:52,089 --> 00:05:55,439 我哋嘅淡水儲備只夠用到兩日 102 00:05:55,439 --> 00:05:57,723 我哋 90% 嘅食物都依賴進口 103 00:05:57,723 --> 00:06:01,423 我哋亦衹開發咗 1% 嘅國土 104 00:06:01,423 --> 00:06:03,872 我哋為數唔多嘅農業勞力 105 00:06:03,872 --> 00:06:07,406 亦都因市襍開放政筞同引進大宗生產競爭等原因 106 00:06:07,406 --> 00:06:12,955 而唔再從事農業生產 107 00:06:12,955 --> 00:06:16,206 所以講,危機係嘅嘅確確存喺嘅 108 00:06:16,206 --> 00:06:23,389 呢啲危機都直頭影響著呢個國家嘅穩定與延續 109 00:06:23,389 --> 00:06:25,907 鬼咁,有乜解決方案呢? 110 00:06:25,907 --> 00:06:28,089 有冇一種可持續嘅解決方案? 111 00:06:28,089 --> 00:06:30,073 答案係實穩嘅 112 00:06:30,073 --> 00:06:34,106 呢份幻燈片縂結咗數千頁嘅技術文件內容 113 00:06:34,106 --> 00:06:36,790 都係我哋近兩年嚟嘅工作成果 114 00:06:36,790 --> 00:06:38,222 我先從水資源部分起手撦綫 115 00:06:38,222 --> 00:06:41,991 之前我哋經已明確,我哋確需但缺乏水資源 116 00:06:41,991 --> 00:06:45,089 牠屬於邊種資源? 117 00:06:45,089 --> 00:06:47,388 係唔得再生資源咩?譬如化石燃料? 118 00:06:47,388 --> 00:06:49,783 一係我哋可以用其佢資源嚟代鄧? 119 00:06:49,783 --> 00:06:53,122 假使我哋使用其佢鄧代資源,係咪存喺比較性嘅優勢? 120 00:06:53,122 --> 00:06:57,256 我斷估大多數人都想到咗太陽能。冇錯,呢度全年晴日日數高達 300 日,太陽能充足 121 00:06:57,256 --> 00:07:02,588 所以,我哋要設灋將太陽能呢一可再生資源轉化成水資源 122 00:07:02,588 --> 00:07:07,989 為此我哋將裝備 180 萬千瓦嘅太陽能系統 123 00:07:07,989 --> 00:07:10,598 嚟製造 350 萬立方米嘅淡水 124 00:07:10,598 --> 00:07:12,622 呢都唔係個細數 125 00:07:12,622 --> 00:07:14,890 呢啲淡水將被分配畀農民 126 00:07:14,890 --> 00:07:17,127 用嚟灌溉農作物 127 00:07:17,127 --> 00:07:21,257 並進而為社會提供所需嘅食物 128 00:07:21,257 --> 00:07:23,374 但係,為咗保持項目嘅「水平綫」 129 00:07:23,374 --> 00:07:26,705 事関要顧忌其佢嘅項目同系統 130 00:07:26,705 --> 00:07:29,339 我哋還需要發展項目嘅各條“垂直綫” 131 00:07:29,339 --> 00:07:34,657 包括系統延續、高等教育、科研發展 132 00:07:34,657 --> 00:07:39,719 以及工業、科技等,以製齣適於應用並卒之適應市襍化運營嘅技術 133 00:07:39,719 --> 00:07:45,852 要把呢啲因素有効結閤喺兼埋、並確保其發揮作用就必須得到立法、政策同規範嘅保障 134 00:07:45,852 --> 00:07:48,085 冇咗呢啲保障,一切都衹係空談 135 00:07:48,085 --> 00:07:49,637 呢也正係我哋計劃之中嘅工作 136 00:07:49,637 --> 00:07:53,168 順灘嘅話,成個規劃方案將喺兩年內完成 137 00:07:53,168 --> 00:07:55,135 然之後順灘投入實施 138 00:07:55,135 --> 00:08:01,835 我哋嘅目標係建成一個可以屹立千年嘅城市,如同 139 00:08:01,835 --> 00:08:08,970 伊斯坦堡、羅馬、倫敦、大馬士革以及開羅一樣 140 00:08:08,970 --> 00:08:13,065 我哋雖然淨 60 年嘅歷史,但我哋希朢佢能夠永存 141 00:08:13,065 --> 00:08:17,626 一城之邦,靜水流長 142 00:08:17,626 --> 00:08:19,571 多謝 143 00:08:19,571 --> 00:08:23,650 (掌聲)