[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.16,0:00:15.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hi, everyone!
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.50,0:00:20.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to talk to you\Nabout a new way of looking at the mind.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.41,0:00:25.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What I call the extended mind is the idea
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.92,0:00:31.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the technology we use\Nbecomes part of our minds,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.92,0:00:39.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,extending our minds and indeed \Nourselves into the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.14,0:00:43.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We'll start with something\Nthat might be a little bit more familiar:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.41,0:00:47.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the extended body.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.89,0:00:50.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are used to the idea\Nthat we can extend our bodies
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.95,0:00:52.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with technology.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.05,0:00:55.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We know about prosthetic limbs.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.50,0:00:58.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here is the athlete Oscar Pistorius
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.51,0:01:02.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,running on his prosthetic legs.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.61,0:01:06.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You don't need prosthetic limbs \Nto extend your body.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.46,0:01:15.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Blind people say that their canes\Nserve as an extension of their body.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.17,0:01:19.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, it feels exactly\Nlike a body from the inside,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.06,0:01:22.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or in more mundane everyday experience,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.17,0:01:25.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a car can feel like\Nan extension of your body,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.99,0:01:30.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a bike, or indeed, a musical instrument.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.78,0:01:33.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You saw a great illustration\Nof that a few minutes ago
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.40,0:01:38.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with Tjupurru with his didjeribone,\Na real extension of his body.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.30,0:01:44.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, so it is with the body,\Nso it is for the extended mind,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.20,0:01:49.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where technology gets incorporated \Ninto our human minds.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.10,0:01:53.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You might think that to incorporate \Ntechnology into your mind
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.38,0:01:56.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you'd have to turn yourself into a cyborg.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.48,0:01:58.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Something like that!
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.47,0:02:02.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A whole bunch of, you know,\Nof pipes and tubes inside your head,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.93,0:02:07.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or at least you need a whole bunch\Nof fancy technology
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.05,0:02:09.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like this on your head,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.48,0:02:14.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I actually think there's\Na more ordinary kind of mind extension,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.75,0:02:19.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is happening to us\Nright now, all the time,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.10,0:02:21.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as we move into the technological future.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.86,0:02:25.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So take our friend the iPhone.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.59,0:02:30.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've had one of these now\Nfor maybe three or four years,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.12,0:02:33.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's basically started taking over
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.96,0:02:36.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a whole bunch\Nof the functions of my brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.55,0:02:37.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.86,0:02:41.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Things my brain used to do\Nare now done by my iPhone.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.76,0:02:43.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, there's a million examples,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.44,0:02:44.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,take memory:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.96,0:02:49.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How many people use their brains\Nto remember phone numbers anymore?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.37,0:02:50.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not me!
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.38,0:02:52.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, my iPhone does all the work.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.92,0:02:56.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It used to be, the biological memory\Nused to carry the load,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.16,0:02:58.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now the iPhone is carrying \Nthe load for me,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.64,0:03:00.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,acting as my memory.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.66,0:03:03.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The iPhone serves to control
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.05,0:03:06.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,planning functions\Nthat my brain used to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.14,0:03:08.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Spatial navigation,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.14,0:03:11.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,offloaded from my brain into Google Maps.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.28,0:03:15.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The iPhone even stores\Nas the repository of my desires.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.84,0:03:19.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've got a program on the iPhone
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.10,0:03:23.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that tells me my favorite dishes\Nat the local restaurant.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.23,0:03:26.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I go there and just look it up\Nand say this, this, this.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.02,0:03:29.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The iPhone is controlling \Nmy desires for me.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.45,0:03:31.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It even makes decisions for me.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.66,0:03:34.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's the executive decision maker.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.56,0:03:36.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Am I going to go speak\Nat that TED conference?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.85,0:03:39.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oh, definitely!
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.96,0:03:44.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You might say, "Okay, well,\Nthis is all a big metaphor,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.08,0:03:46.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's a little bit\Nlike a mind in someways."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.68,0:03:48.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I think there's actually
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.41,0:03:52.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an interesting philosophical thesis here\Nthat I want to defend,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.61,0:03:57.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that in some sense the iPhone\Nis literally becoming part of your mind.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.50,0:04:00.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Your mind is extending\Nfrom your brain into the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.05,0:04:03.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so the iPhone is actually part of it.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.36,0:04:06.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The iPhone hasn't been\Nimplanted into your mind,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.17,0:04:08.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but you might think it's as if it were in.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.35,0:04:11.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's an iPhone implanted into your mind,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.16,0:04:14.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's as if it was implanted\Ninto your mind,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.13,0:04:17.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,although it's actually\Nout there in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.08,0:04:19.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the extended mind thesis.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.21,0:04:22.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the iPhone's memory\Nis basically my memory.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.79,0:04:24.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The iPhone’s planning or navigation
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.68,0:04:29.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is basically my planning and navigation\Nas if it had happened inside the brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.87,0:04:33.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now for me as a philosopher,\Nthis is really interesting
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.16,0:04:37.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because one of the central\Nphilosophical problems about the mind,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.05,0:04:40.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe the central philosophical\Nproblem about the mind,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.93,0:04:43.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is what we call the mind-brain problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.66,0:04:48.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How does the mind - your thinking\Nand your feeling - relate to your brain,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.08,0:04:53.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this bunch of mushy neurons\Nyou have inside your head?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.53,0:04:55.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is it something more\Nor is it something less?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.81,0:04:57.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you ask most people,\N"Where is your mind?"
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.97,0:05:00.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they'd point and say,\N"Well, it's somewhere in there."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.05,0:05:03.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This extended mind thesis,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.14,0:05:06.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think it's some transformed\Nvision of the mind,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.25,0:05:08.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the mind is not just in the brain,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.30,0:05:10.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's partly in the world around us,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.62,0:05:14.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the environment that we interact with.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.84,0:05:15.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I don't know.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.95,0:05:20.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You might think this is kind of crazy\Nor even totally mad.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.34,0:05:25.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When my collaborator, Andy Clark, and I
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.67,0:05:30.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,first put this thesis forward \Nback in the mid 1990s,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.39,0:05:32.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we came across a bit of resistance then;
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.86,0:05:36.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a lot of people made objections.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.16,0:05:38.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Back then, we didn't have iPhones.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.75,0:05:42.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our central example was a notebook.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.30,0:05:44.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People writing stuff down in the notebook
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.27,0:05:46.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and using that as a memory.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.05,0:05:48.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And indeed, you don't need high-tech
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.42,0:05:52.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to get the idea\Nof the extended mind going.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.76,0:05:56.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The very first time\Nsomebody counted on their fingers,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.66,0:05:59.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was a kind of mind extension.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.05,0:06:02.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A kind of addition that could have\Nbeen taking place in your head
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.12,0:06:05.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is happening on your fingers,\Nbut technology really amplifies
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.25,0:06:07.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this extension of our mind.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.46,0:06:12.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I think it's made the thesis \Nring true for more people as well,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.20,0:06:15.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we experience\Nthis actually happening to us.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.70,0:06:18.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But still you might object\Nin various ways.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.100,0:06:22.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This iPhone is just a tool,\Nit's not really part your mind.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.73,0:06:26.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For it really to become part of your mind,\Nyou'd have to implant it like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.86,0:06:29.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To be in your mind it's got to be\Non the inside of your skull.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.76,0:06:31.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or maybe, it can't be part of your mind:
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.78,0:06:32.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's metal.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.91,0:06:34.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Minds are biological.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.78,0:06:37.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They involve a soul or something.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.31,0:06:39.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I think it's a tricky issue,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.15,0:06:41.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I think this kind\Nof reaction which you get
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.42,0:06:46.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,involves a kind of a brain chauvinism.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.22,0:06:51.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's like a gender chauvinism,\Nor race chauvinism, or species chauvinism.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.59,0:06:53.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's so special about the brain?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.75,0:06:56.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's so special\Nabout the inside of the brain,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.39,0:06:58.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,compared to the outside?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.50,0:07:00.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For a start, it's like,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.06,0:07:03.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you've got stuff that's going on\Non the inside of the brain,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.02,0:07:06.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the same stuff could in principle go on\Non the outside of the brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.81,0:07:09.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We want to say [there's]\Nno difference in principle
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.94,0:07:13.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as long as it's driving\Nthe processes inside the brain,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.25,0:07:14.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the action, the consciousness,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.86,0:07:17.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the same way \Nthat would happen otherwise.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.46,0:07:20.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's no principle barrier\Nabout the skull;
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.21,0:07:21.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that would be skull chauvinism.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.70,0:07:25.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Likewise, metal versus biology.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.87,0:07:29.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If the metal does the same job\Nthe biology is doing,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.22,0:07:31.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that would also count \Nas part of the mind.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.58,0:07:35.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Otherwise it would be\Nbiology, DNA chauvinism.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.67,0:07:40.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I think that objection can be rejected.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.40,0:07:43.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You might think that -
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.77,0:07:47.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Somehow consciousness\Nis at the very center of the mind,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.56,0:07:50.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I've got some sympathy with this.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.31,0:07:54.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Consciousness is\Nthis deeply internal state.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.58,0:07:57.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I think what we're thinking,\Nwhat we're feeling
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.09,0:07:59.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,right in the present moment \Nis at the core of the mind,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.73,0:08:02.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but there's always\Na whole lot to our minds
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.41,0:08:05.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is outside our consciousness.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.33,0:08:10.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we think, our innermost desires,\Nour hopes, our fears,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.76,0:08:12.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our personality traits,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.12,0:08:15.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,most of this is not passing through \Nyour mind at any given moment.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.26,0:08:17.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Any given moment is just\Na tiny little snapshot.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.50,0:08:19.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What makes you you\Nis a whole bunch of stuff
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.70,0:08:22.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is outside your consciousness\Navailable to affect us.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.77,0:08:25.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So your memories are mostly\Noutside your consciousness.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.99,0:08:27.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The view here is it doesn't matter
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.64,0:08:31.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether it's stored somewhere deep\Nin your brain or out there in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.20,0:08:35.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If it's out there, accessible to you,\Ndriving your state,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.17,0:08:39.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then it counts as part of your mind.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.25,0:08:41.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is still a brain\Nat the core of all this.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.51,0:08:43.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm not saying\Nthe iPhone is itself a mind.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.55,0:08:47.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You are still the mind with your brain\Nand your consciousness at the core.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.02,0:08:49.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the iPhone is part of it.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.45,0:08:52.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's kind of an extension, if you like.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.49,0:08:53.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What was that?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.65,0:08:55.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's right, my iPhone begs to differ.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.53,0:08:57.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It thinks it's the mind\Nand I'm the extension.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.81,0:09:00.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.63,0:09:05.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this thesis I think is not just -\Nit's a new way of looking at the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.50,0:09:07.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a new way of looking at the mind.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.61,0:09:13.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I think it actually makes a difference\Nto some of our practices.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.08,0:09:17.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Alzheimer's disease,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.06,0:09:20.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when people describe themselves\Nas losing their minds.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.62,0:09:23.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And one thing we found works really well
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.70,0:09:27.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in handling people with Alzheimer\Nand slowing the decline
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.67,0:09:31.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the use of mind extension technology.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.11,0:09:33.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People use notes\Nin the environment, for example,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.69,0:09:37.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to act as a kind of memory,\Nexternal memory, with labels everywhere.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.16,0:09:42.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This really serves to slow down\Nthe loss of mental function,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.10,0:09:47.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,keeping some aspect of their minds\Nout there in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.27,0:09:49.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are issues about -
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.06,0:09:51.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It makes a difference to education.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.34,0:09:55.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are debates\Nabout open book examinations
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.30,0:09:57.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the use of calculators in exams.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.08,0:09:59.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, if you take\Nthe extended mind thesis,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.22,0:10:02.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you ought to be testing\Nthe whole extended self.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.09,0:10:04.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If a calculator or a computer\Nis going to be with you,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.70,0:10:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,coupled with you,\Nreliably available in the future,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.00,0:10:09.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is part of your extended self,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.91,0:10:13.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you ought to be testing\Nthe whole extended self.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.66,0:10:18.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's a case of extended perception.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.98,0:10:24.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A blind person who starts\Nusing his iPhone as a vision tool.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.99,0:10:27.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the color identification program,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.76,0:10:28.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Color ID.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.98,0:10:30.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can download it.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.71,0:10:32.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It basically reads out colors.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.26,0:10:34.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You point it at something\Nand it reads it out.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.44,0:10:38.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said he used this to see\Na sunset for the first time.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.91,0:10:44.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He held it up and it said,\N"Red, orange, yellow, azure, crimson."
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.42,0:10:45.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was moved to tears.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.89,0:10:48.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It felt like he was seeing\Nthe sunset for the first time
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.52,0:10:50.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using this as an extended\Nvision mechanism,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.53,0:10:52.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,extended perception mechanism.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.07,0:10:56.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as wearable computing becomes\Nmore and more ubiquitous in our lives,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.30,0:10:59.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is just going, I think,\Nto become more and more common.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.23,0:11:03.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here we've got glasses that compute stuff\Nfor us through extended perception.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.75,0:11:07.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's also the socially extended mind.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.70,0:11:11.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We all know when other people\Nbecome extensions of your mind.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.75,0:11:13.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We all know long-term couples
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.80,0:11:18.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where one person acts\Nas another person's memory.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.46,0:11:21.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, reminding them\Nthings at the right time,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.83,0:11:24.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or when they finish\Neach other's sentences
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.15,0:11:28.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or speak as a single\Nindividual in a conversation.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.75,0:11:31.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In effect, what's happening now\Nis one person is becoming
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.51,0:11:36.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,part of, an extension of\Nanother person's mind or vice versa.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.52,0:11:38.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll be in my mind if -
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.65,0:11:40.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll be in your mind if you'll be in mine.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.81,0:11:43.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think Bob Dylan said that.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.88,0:11:49.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also, social networking\Nis really amplifying this.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.36,0:11:55.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, when I was preparing\Nthis talk about a month ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:55.88,0:11:59.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I sent a note out to Facebook.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.20,0:12:03.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I've got to give a 15 minute TED Talk\Nin Sydney next month,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.93,0:12:05.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the extended mind.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:05.89,0:12:08.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Any ideas on how to approach it?"
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.94,0:12:10.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I got a whole lot of responses,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.92,0:12:13.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some pretty useful responses\Nfrom this social network,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.96,0:12:16.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is kind of surrounding us,\Nbecoming part of our extended mind.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:16.94,0:12:20.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There were more, and there were more,\Nand there were more,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.22,0:12:21.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.23,0:12:24.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including of a whole bunch of useful\Nsuggestions, I stole a bunch of them.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.38,0:12:26.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not least of them, this one,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.74,0:12:28.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Exciting, maybe you could\Nwork Facebook in?"
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.85,0:12:29.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.86,0:12:34.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or, "Well you could start by mentioning\Nyou crowdsourced the whole talk ..."
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.32,0:12:37.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thanks guys, that was handy.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:37.41,0:12:43.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now there are some downsides and dangers\Nto this whole extended mind thesis.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.70,0:12:46.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And one is that as our minds\Nmove into the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.04,0:12:48.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we become more vulnerable to their loss
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.37,0:12:50.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than when they are protected\Non the inside of the skull.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.100,0:12:57.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is already something familiar\Nfrom things like the floods in Queensland
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.67,0:13:00.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or there are bushfires in Victoria.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.61,0:13:04.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We often talk about the greatest tragedy\Nbeing that people lose their memories.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:06.39,0:13:08.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their houses and their\Npossessions and so on
Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.66,0:13:10.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have basically become part of them.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.33,0:13:14.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The loss of them really feels\Nlike the loss of one's self.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:14.34,0:13:17.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as more of one's mind gets extended,\Nthe more there is vulnerability.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.78,0:13:20.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just say somebody steals my iPhone.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.44,0:13:23.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[IF YOU CAN READ THIS,\NSOMEBODY STOLE MY iPHONE]
Dialogue: 0,0:13:23.21,0:13:26.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:13:26.53,0:13:32.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You might think that's a form of theft\Nand they should be punished for this.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:32.28,0:13:34.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if I'm right, that should\Nactually be reconceived
Dialogue: 0,0:13:34.92,0:13:37.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a really vicious form of assault.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.56,0:13:41.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like getting into my brain\Nand messing with my neurons.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.100,0:13:46.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that really does kind of capture\Nthe attitude I have to my iPhone.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.40,0:13:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You might worry this is going\Nto turn us into robots.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:50.00,0:13:52.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remember the guy from Lost in Space?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.92,0:13:55.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Danger," Will Robinson!
Dialogue: 0,0:13:55.23,0:13:56.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I think we have to remember
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.72,0:14:00.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we still always have consciousness\Nat the middle of this, and judgement,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.10,0:14:05.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the extension of our minds doesn't\Nabrogate us from using our judgement.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:05.61,0:14:09.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With better and better technology,\Nwhich becomes more and more flexible,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:09.01,0:14:13.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's the hope that the interplay\Nof judgement and technology
Dialogue: 0,0:14:13.22,0:14:15.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,might move us forward in interesting ways.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:15.22,0:14:17.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I actually think then, to conclude,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:17.59,0:14:22.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this extended mind thesis offers us \Nsome hope of an optimistic worldview.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:23.09,0:14:25.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People say, "Is Google making us stupid?"
Dialogue: 0,0:14:25.11,0:14:28.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a debate which has been\Nout there in the media.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.06,0:14:31.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, if I'm right\Nabout the extended mind thesis,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:31.02,0:14:34.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's a sense in which\NGoogle is actually making us smarter.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:34.60,0:14:36.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Google is getting inside our minds.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:36.50,0:14:39.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I don't know about you,\Nbut I heard someone saying,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:39.11,0:14:42.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"When I sit down and Google,\NI feel like my IQ goes up 30 points."
Dialogue: 0,0:14:42.22,0:14:43.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:14:43.30,0:14:48.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's like all that knowledge -\Nand they say knowledge is power of a kind,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:48.69,0:14:52.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it leads to a kind of\Npotential democratization, too,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:52.35,0:14:54.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the powers of the mind.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:54.42,0:14:58.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As technology becomes cheaper\Nand available to more, and more advanced,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:58.19,0:14:59.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's going to spread.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:59.50,0:15:01.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Phones are already spreading.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:01.69,0:15:02.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Google is spreading.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:02.87,0:15:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With time, this becomes\Navailable to everyone.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:05.00,0:15:06.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In a way I think what's going on here
Dialogue: 0,0:15:06.78,0:15:09.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a trend which is\Nin the very early stages
Dialogue: 0,0:15:09.10,0:15:12.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of turning us into\Nsuperheroes of the mind.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:12.26,0:15:15.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Technology is gradually\Ngiving us these superpowers,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:15.73,0:15:19.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,turning us into cognitive\Nsuper geniuses, if you like,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:19.42,0:15:22.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it is going to go more\Nand more this way in the future.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:22.21,0:15:27.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The question is, will we use\Nthese powers for good or for evil?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:28.34,0:15:34.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the gift of the extended mind\Nand the challenge it presents
Dialogue: 0,0:15:34.68,0:15:37.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as we move into our extended future.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:37.16,0:15:38.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:38.65,0:15:42.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)