[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.14,0:00:18.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if I told you
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.51,0:00:24.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I could read your DNA, your genetic\Nmakeup, your "Book of Life?"
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.74,0:00:27.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Are you interested?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.23,0:00:31.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can give you a vast amount\Nof information about yourself
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.10,0:00:34.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that will help you live longer\Nand better lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.67,0:00:36.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Isn't that wonderful?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.84,0:00:38.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do you want to?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.27,0:00:39.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You don't want to?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.00,0:00:41.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You are not sure?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.72,0:00:43.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, you're probably right.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.25,0:00:45.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's complex.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.14,0:00:47.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me explain.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.49,0:00:49.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are reaching a time\N
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.67,0:00:54.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when more and more people will have\Neasy access to their DNA.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.72,0:00:57.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just about 15 years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.50,0:01:01.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it cost the equivalent\Nof four jumbo jet airplanes
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.42,0:01:06.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to read the sequence of one human DNA\Nfrom beginning to end.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.02,0:01:11.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, it costs around\Na bicycle to read the DNA.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.37,0:01:13.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it takes about the time\Nto read your DNA
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.25,0:01:19.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the same time it'll take you to ride\Nyour bicycle from home to work and back.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.76,0:01:22.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Before you know it,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.88,0:01:25.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's going to cost like a cup of coffee,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.78,0:01:28.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it'll take the time to read your DNA
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.18,0:01:31.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the same time it'll take you\Nto drink the coffee.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.87,0:01:33.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Isn't that amazing?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.98,0:01:38.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are reaching a time\Nwhich we call "DNA of Everything."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.53,0:01:41.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We will be able to read the DNA\Nof everything around us.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.52,0:01:46.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a new layer of information\Nwe have never seen before.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.56,0:01:52.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, you'll be able to read\Nthe food you're eating
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.28,0:01:57.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to understand what it contains\Nand what it's composed of.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.78,0:02:00.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I could read your DNA and figure out
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.06,0:02:04.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what you contain\Nand what you're composed of.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.72,0:02:08.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You could use that to minimize\Ninjuries and diseases.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.99,0:02:13.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, imagine you want\Nto run a marathon,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.54,0:02:17.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and besides the physiological test,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.03,0:02:21.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what if I told you that I could look\Nat your genes and tell you
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.92,0:02:25.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether your body can stand up\Nto this extreme stress?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.36,0:02:26.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Wouldn't you want to know that?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.95,0:02:29.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can then take preventative measures,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.34,0:02:31.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,start treatment,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.23,0:02:35.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or look at your genes and decide whether\Nyou want to understand them or not.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.98,0:02:37.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can change your lifestyle.\N
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.59,0:02:39.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can change the way you live
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.60,0:02:42.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to minimize the risks\Nfor these diseases.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.48,0:02:49.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not only healthy individuals can benefit\Nfrom reading their DNA,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.82,0:02:55.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reading your DNA can also assist\Nin solving complex medical puzzles.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.94,0:02:58.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A few years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.51,0:03:03.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nicholas Volker from Wisconsin suffered\Nfrom an inflamed intestine.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.91,0:03:11.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He underwent more than 150 operations\Nin the first four years of his life.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.05,0:03:16.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His doctors didn't know what\Nthe cause of his sufferings is,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.15,0:03:21.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they decided that they wanted\Nto test a new technology,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.40,0:03:22.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an unproven technology.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.34,0:03:26.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This technology is DNA sequencing.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.89,0:03:31.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were able to locate\Nthe exact mutation on his DNA,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.72,0:03:35.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the change of his DNA\Nthat probably explained
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.59,0:03:38.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,much of his suffering\Nand his medical condition.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.44,0:03:45.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it also dictated a treatment:\Nbone marrow transplantation.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.82,0:03:50.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A few weeks later,\NNic was out of the hospital.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.26,0:03:56.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was certain that DNA\Nsequencing saved Nic's life
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.58,0:04:01.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At Tel Aviv University,\Nthe team that I lead,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.19,0:04:03.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the genomic intelligence team,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.45,0:04:07.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has been reading and sequencing hundreds\Nof individuals in the past few years.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.08,0:04:11.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We scanned their DNA and we tried\Nto look for their change,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.66,0:04:15.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the mutation that leads to many\Nof their severe conditions.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.58,0:04:18.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They come to us with their physicians,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.38,0:04:20.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we look at their DNA,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.34,0:04:24.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we identify their exact mutation\Nthat leads to their medical condition.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.92,0:04:27.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were able to find many\Nof these novel mutations,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.84,0:04:32.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,new mutations that explain\Nmuch of their suffering.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.28,0:04:36.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the first critical step in\Nunderstanding what leads to their disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.05,0:04:41.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's also a critical step in trying\Nto alleviate their suffering.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.60,0:04:45.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of them also lead to cure\Nor treatment for these patients.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.04,0:04:50.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, reading your DNA is wonderful.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.19,0:04:52.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's terrific.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.34,0:04:54.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We should all read our DNA.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.62,0:04:57.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK, who's coming up first?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.74,0:05:08.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many people asked me\Nif I have read my own DNA.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.97,0:05:11.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the truth is ... No.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.04,0:05:13.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I haven't.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.93,0:05:14.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.94,0:05:17.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's complex.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.61,0:05:22.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have a game I play with my children.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.58,0:05:26.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We look up at the sky,\Nand we point at one of the clouds,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.86,0:05:32.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then we try to figure out\Nwhat form the cloud takes.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.39,0:05:35.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sometimes we see familiar faces;
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.24,0:05:38.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,other times we see dragons or princesses.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.97,0:05:43.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, very rarely,\Nwe see the same image
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.18,0:05:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even if we look at the same cloud.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.91,0:05:52.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I go back to the lab,\Nand I look at genetic information,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.77,0:05:57.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sometimes I feel like I'm playing\Nthe same guessing game
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.07,0:05:58.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I just played with my children.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.99,0:06:01.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sometimes, it looks like a dragon,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.12,0:06:03.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and other times, it looks like a princess.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.42,0:06:05.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It doesn't have a definite structure.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.73,0:06:08.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What I mean is that even if\NI find the mutation,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.58,0:06:13.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can't always say if it's good or bad.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.15,0:06:15.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The answer is not straightforward,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.25,0:06:21.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and sometimes it leads to confusion\Nand to greater uncertainty.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.98,0:06:26.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's say, you came to me,\Nand you wanted to look at your genes.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.68,0:06:30.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are looking at the genomic cloud,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.21,0:06:32.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we are trying to define this cloud.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.79,0:06:35.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If I look at your DNA,\Nwhile scanning for genes to see
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.91,0:06:40.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether your body can stand up\Nto the extreme stress,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.17,0:06:44.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe I can also see genes
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.06,0:06:47.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are involved\Nin early cancer development,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.54,0:06:49.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or Alzheimer's disease,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.79,0:06:51.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or Parkinson's disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.90,0:06:54.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, would you want to know that?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.21,0:07:00.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The most challenging concern\Nwhen reading your DNA
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.75,0:07:04.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is once you read it, you can't go back.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.23,0:07:08.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can't erase this information.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.89,0:07:10.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can't unlearn.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.74,0:07:14.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's scary.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.55,0:07:17.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if this information\Nwould get out there?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.42,0:07:20.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It could be used against you.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.74,0:07:26.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,12 year-old Colman was expelled\Nfrom school in Palo Alto, California
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.24,0:07:32.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because he carried a mutation\Nthat increased his risk for infections
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.08,0:07:35.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that jeopardized other children at school.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.28,0:07:37.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He wasn't even sick.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.02,0:07:39.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was just carrying the mutation.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.24,0:07:46.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Would we want to start\Ntesting our politicians to see
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.37,0:07:51.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether they'll suffer from a devastating\Ndisease during their service period -
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.47,0:07:54.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you know, it might affect\Ntheir decision making.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.11,0:07:58.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Will we start selecting\Nour lifetime partners based on DNA,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.73,0:08:02.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and checking their loyalty in the DNA\Nbefore we get married?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.78,0:08:06.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And after we get married,\Nwhat about the next generation?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.83,0:08:09.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We all want perfect babies.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.47,0:08:13.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if the parents\Nof this child were told\N
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.76,0:08:18.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that their child will eventually\Nsuffer from ALS?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.89,0:08:24.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or this child - if his parents were told\N
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.15,0:08:26.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that he will suffer\Nfrom severe hearing loss?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.63,0:08:30.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or what about this sweet child -
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.70,0:08:35.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if his parents were told\Nthat at the age of 60
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.24,0:08:40.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he will suffer from\NParkinson-like symptoms?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.12,0:08:42.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What would they have done?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.82,0:08:47.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What would the world look like\Nwithout these and many other children?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.60,0:08:52.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Will we shape our society\Nbased on DNA sequencing?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.70,0:08:54.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It has already begun.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.08,0:08:59.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Abortions are on the rise\Nin the past few years
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.22,0:09:03.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in parallel to advance\Nin DNA sequencing technologies.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.96,0:09:08.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe - maybe if we gradually\Nlook at the DNA,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.96,0:09:10.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not all at once,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.34,0:09:13.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it would be easier\Nto digest this information.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.20,0:09:17.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the lab, we call it\Nresponsible genomics:
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.41,0:09:23.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,meaning giving the right person\Nthe needed information at the right time,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.62,0:09:26.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether it be prenatal diagnosis,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.04,0:09:28.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or predisposition to diabetes,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.70,0:09:31.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or cardiovascular complication.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.34,0:09:35.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are scanning the DNA\Nand dividing it to discreet units,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.61,0:09:39.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and evaluating the private parts\Nand the open parts.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.50,0:09:44.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are evaluating the risks versus\Nthe benefits of exposing your DNA.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.20,0:09:49.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are ranking it, so people\Ncan accept their DNA more readily.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.99,0:09:55.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After we address these concerns,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.94,0:10:01.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think I will be ready to read my DNA.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.35,0:10:06.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Reading your DNA gives you\Ngreat knowledge about yourself.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.38,0:10:09.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Knowledge leads to power.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.06,0:10:15.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we all know that with great power\Ncomes great responsibility.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.26,0:10:20.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It will not take long before\Nsomeone knocks on your door
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.92,0:10:24.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and asks you whether you want\Nto read your DNA.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.10,0:10:27.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What will you say?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.18,0:10:30.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.36,0:10:32.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)