L'Art en Question 8 : le Jeune Chevalier de Carpaccio
-
0:05 - 0:07Art…
-
0:07 - 0:09ArtSleuth
-
0:11 - 0:14A knight in armour…
-
0:14 - 0:17Plants and animals in profusion…
-
0:18 - 0:21Ancient fortifications…
-
0:23 - 0:26A picture by Carpaccio!
-
0:26 - 0:30A beautiful medieval image?
-
0:31 - 0:34Seen through nineteenth-century eyes?
-
0:34 - 0:36Not at all…
-
0:36 - 0:38The date is circa 1510,
-
0:38 - 0:40the Italian Renaissance is in full swing,
-
0:40 - 0:45and this picture seems to have been old-fashioned
before the paint was dry. -
0:45 - 0:48Carpaccio is just over 50 years old:
-
0:48 - 0:50other Venetian artists
-
0:50 - 0:53are landing all the best commissions
-
0:53 - 0:53with their innovative “velvet touch” style.
-
0:56 - 1:00Giorgione, recently dead at the age of 33, ...
-
1:00 - 1:02Titian, who is 20...
-
1:02 - 1:05and even the old Bellini who, at over 80,
-
1:05 - 1:09brings flesh to life in a pared-down landscape.
-
1:09 - 1:13Carpaccio, by comparison, seems too detailed,
-
1:13 - 1:14too clear-cut,
-
1:14 - 1:17and his landscape overloaded.
-
1:17 - 1:20Is he living in a world of his own?
-
1:20 - 1:23Even as he strives to capture the reflections in a fine suit of armour,
-
1:23 - 1:28cannon and firearms are revolutionising the whole art of war!
-
1:29 - 1:34Are Carpaccio and his knight really prisoners of the past?
-
1:34 - 1:38Episode 6 : Carpaccio – The Young Knight
*Prisoners of the Past?* -
1:41 - 1:43Part 1. *Portrait on the look-out*
-
1:44 - 1:47This picture is primarily concerned with a man’s identity.
-
1:47 - 1:49Like medallions, which …
-
1:49 - 1:52… show the person on one side, …
-
1:52 - 1:55… and his or her values on the other…
-
1:55 - 1:56… it portrays:
-
1:56 - 1:58A young man
-
1:58 - 2:03…with distinctive features, like this prominent cleft chin,
-
2:03 - 2:06and a real-life coat of arms:
-
2:06 - 2:11Flowers, irises and white lilies, symbols of purity,
-
2:11 - 2:15with a personal motto: “*rather death than dishonour*”
-
2:15 - 2:19And an emblem, the ermine, which stands for incorruptibility.
-
2:19 - 2:22According to legend, "*she would rather die*
-
2:22 - 2:26*than traverse a foul swamp*”.
-
2:27 - 2:31This portrait must therefore be seen as breaking new ground:
-
2:31 - 2:36after the earliest full-length portraits in the Flemish style…
-
2:36 - 2:40Carpaccio is one of the first Italian artist to produce
an almost life-size portrait -
2:40 - 2:42with an outdoor setting.
-
2:42 - 2:46What Bellini had done for a saint 30 years earlier,
-
2:46 - 2:49Carpaccio now seems to be doing for a young man in armour.
-
2:49 - 2:52A town in the background,
-
2:52 - 2:54a spring in the foreground,
-
2:54 - 2:56and, instead of Saint Francis,…
-
2:56 - 3:00… a heroic knight, seen from a low angle.
-
3:01 - 3:04The setting, however, is no longer reassuring and familiar,
-
3:04 - 3:06but discordant
-
3:06 - 3:09- if not positively peculiar!
-
3:09 - 3:11Instead of simple perspective lines,
-
3:11 - 3:14tense diagonals veer across the canvas:
-
3:14 - 3:17Like the ermine threatened by toads,
-
3:17 - 3:21the knight is poised to spring at some latent menace.
-
3:22 - 3:23His lance…
-
3:23 - 3:25… points at a hawk…
-
3:26 - 3:28… which is putting other birds to flight
-
3:31 - 3:35... and watching an eagle fighting with a heron.
-
3:36 - 3:40Even the path holds a macabre surprise:
-
3:40 - 3:44beyond the sunlit meadow with its gambolling rabbits…
-
3:44 - 3:47a vulture is tearing a fawn to pieces!
-
3:49 - 3:52In this natural scene, even the forms are in conflict:
-
3:52 - 3:55Sometimes they avoid each other:
-
3:55 - 3:58The knight seems trapped between the horseman and the tree,
-
3:58 - 4:02which has to make way for his elbow…
-
4:04 - 4:07… just as the bush does for his lance
-
4:07 - 4:10and any patch of sky which stays empty
-
4:10 - 4:13is soon invaded by a bird.
-
4:14 - 4:18When forms actually touch, the contact is carefully calculated:
-
4:18 - 4:21the dog supports the sword.
-
4:21 - 4:25a tree grows from the stag’s antlers.
-
4:25 - 4:31on the horizon, a boat rides the water directly below a mountain.
-
4:31 - 4:35and this peacock, above all, pulls off the impossible:
-
4:35 - 4:37perched on the horseman’s helmet,
-
4:37 - 4:42it seems to be walking the fence in the background like a tightrope,
-
4:42 - 4:47with an inn-sign in pecking range, …
-
4:47 - 4:54while its tail coincides exactly with the point where an arch and buttress intersect.
-
4:54 - 4:57Although its perspective is flawless …
-
4:57 - 5:00… this is no natural landscape!
-
5:01 - 5:04A portrait too big for a man too young.
-
5:04 - 5:07An artificial, tension-filled landscape.
-
5:07 - 5:12Has Carpaccio bitten off more than he can chew?
-
5:14 - 5:16Part 2. *Great expectations*
-
5:18 - 5:24In fact, this contrast between heroic figures and weird setting has a meaning:
-
5:24 - 5:29First of all, it celebrates man as the only real “political animal”.
-
5:29 - 5:33These two men may be far apart, but various black and yellow motifs
-
5:33 - 5:36still connect them:
-
5:36 - 5:40the way both look warily ahead,
-
5:40 - 5:43the complementarity of helmet and armour …
-
5:43 - 5:45… and even their dogs:
-
5:45 - 5:47one white with a dark patch,
-
5:47 - 5:51the other dark with a trace of white.
-
5:51 - 5:55The animal kingdom, on the other hand, is not really cohesive:
-
5:55 - 5:59They live together, but without solidarity.
-
5:59 - 6:02When they live in groups, the slightest danger scatters them.
-
6:05 - 6:08The battle for life.
-
6:08 - 6:10Solitary predators.
-
6:11 - 6:14The old,
-
6:15 - 6:17overgrown fortress
-
6:17 - 6:20is the only place where the birds build “family nests”.
-
6:20 - 6:23But even the parents’ attachment to their young is temporary.
-
6:25 - 6:30The brotherbood of these two men is based on a shared conception of the good, expressed:
-
6:30 - 6:36in the motto and its ideal of courage
-
6:36 - 6:40and in this town as real-life political entity, …
-
6:40 - 6:43… where people meet
-
6:44 - 6:45and discuss civilly.
-
6:45 - 6:48But their personal virtue is not the portrait’s only subject.
-
6:49 - 6:50It also reflects the rise of a new generation, and the dawn of a new epoch:
-
6:50 - 6:56The autumnal oak is matched by two green trees.
-
6:56 - 7:00The ancient stronghold
-
7:00 - 7:03by a resplendent fortress,
-
7:03 - 7:05and the horseman’s personal ensign,
-
7:07 - 7:09by a horse with a youthful rider.
-
7:09 - 7:12There have been many theories
-
7:14 - 7:16regarding the young knight’s identity:
-
7:16 - 7:20The pommel of his sword and its eight-shaped hilt in Hungarian style …
-
7:20 - 7:23his garment, which resembles that worn by the Swiss Guard,
-
7:23 - 7:26the v-shaped crenellations,
-
7:26 - 7:27a form favoured by allies of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation
-
7:27 - 7:32and the resemblance of the town in the background
-
7:32 - 7:34to Ragusa, now Dubrovnik
-
7:34 - 7:37might all point to the young King of Hungary,
-
7:37 - 7:39painted as Orlando or Roland, who stands for civil liberties.
-
7:39 - 7:45Venice might have presented this picture to the rival Adriatic Republic
-
7:45 - 7:49to seal an alliance.
-
7:49 - 7:51Others have suggested that the picture may represent Federico Gonzaga of Mantua,
-
7:52 - 7:56who also used yellow and black,
-
7:56 - 7:58whose heir had the same distinctive chin on this childhood portrait,
-
7:58 - 8:02and whose father, then dying of syphilis, might have been
-
8:02 - 8:05symbolised by this riderless horse.
-
8:05 - 8:09Although the exact date and first location of the picture are unknown, one thing is certain:
-
8:10 - 8:15Unlike monuments to the dead,
-
8:15 - 8:17which celebrate great warriors’ feats…
-
8:17 - 8:21Unlike those heroes
-
8:21 - 8:23who enjoy God’s miraculous assistance,
-
8:23 - 8:26the picture celebrates, first and foremost, the potential of young men
-
8:26 - 8:30who must face the perilous instability which reigns in Northern Italy,
-
8:30 - 8:33now repeatedly fought over by the forces of France and the Empire
-
8:33 - 8:37- in battles whose outcome is uncertain,
-
8:38 - 8:40like that between the eagle and the heron
-
8:40 - 8:44Like Donatello’s Saint George,
-
8:45 - 8:48Carpaccio’s knight still seems frail and unfinished,
-
8:48 - 8:52equally likely to fail or succeed.
-
8:52 - 8:56The picture does not invoke divine assistance,
-
8:56 - 9:00and contains no specifically Christian references, apart from a church.
-
9:00 - 9:04He stands for a generation required to be - not heroes,
-
9:05 - 9:09but leaders and strategists.
-
9:09 - 9:13But is the picture’s style on a par with the new epoch?
-
9:14 - 9:22Part 3. *Beyond beauty and harmony*
-
9:24 - 9:26In Carpaccio’s day, knights were involved in another fratricidal conflict
-
9:27 - 9:30- this time, between artists.
-
9:30 - 9:33Verrocchio’s proud statue,
-
9:34 - 9:37with its powerful presence and anatomical exactitude,
-
9:37 - 9:40had thrown down the gauntlet - and graphic artists rushed to defend their laurels.
-
9:40 - 9:43Dürer showed his hand in this general image of a Christian knight,
-
9:43 - 9:47who defies both death
-
9:47 - 9:50and the blandishments of the devil.
-
9:50 - 9:52Not only does the horse seem fully three-dimensionnel
-
9:54 - 9:57and anatomically correct,
-
9:57 - 10:00or the dog seem totally life-like, as it bounds through a forest of hoofs
-
10:00 - 10:04- the horse’s,
-
10:05 - 10:06the mule’s
-
10:06 - 10:08and the devil’s.
-
10:09 - 10:11Above all, while a statue has no impact on its real-life setting,
-
10:12 - 10:17Dürer places his figure in a harsh and jagged landscape
-
10:18 - 10:23which expresses in itself the idea that the knight is being tested.
-
10:23 - 10:26Fifteen years later, Altdorfer takes this further
-
10:27 - 10:32by placing a whole army in a landscape...
-
10:32 - 10:34whose dark and stormy sky echoes the ebb and flow of battle.
-
10:34 - 10:39And, in mid-century, Titian does with colour what Dürer did with detail,
-
10:42 - 10:48and gives us an expressive landscape - but without any symbols.
-
10:48 - 10:52Resolute and unbending, Charles V presses ahead
-
10:52 - 10:56in a space both disturbed and mysterious.
-
10:56 - 10:59Beside these examples, the young knight seems far less self-assured,
-
11:01 - 11:05like a lay figure before an interchangeable background.
-
11:05 - 11:09Even the horse, with its perfect curves, reminds us of a silhouette or toy.
-
11:10 - 11:15So - are reflections
-
11:16 - 11:21and transparency Carpaccio’s real forte?
-
11:21 - 11:23In Venice, Giorgione wins fame by pulling off another master-stroke:
-
11:24 - 11:28he produces a portrait of a knight, now lost, …
-
11:28 - 11:32… which presents its subject
-
11:32 - 11:35from four different angles at once.
-
11:35 - 11:37“*He painted a naked man from the back;*
-
11:37 - 11:39*at his feet, a clear stream reflected the body from the front.*
-
11:39 - 11:43*On one side, the light breastplate of polished steel, which he had taken off,*
-
11:43 - 11:47*so bright that it reflected everything,*
-
11:47 - 11:49*showed the left profile.*
-
11:49 - 11:51*On the other side,*
-
11:51 - 11:53*the other profile could be seen in a mirror*”.
-
11:53 - 11:55Other artists follow the same line:
-
11:56 - 12:00in this picture by Titian, an older man’s armour reflects the hidden profile of a goddess …
-
12:00 - 12:05... and Savoldo, in his self-portrait, skilfully multiplies mirrors and reflections.
-
12:05 - 12:11Carpaccio’s reflection lacks this heavy, self-advertising emphasis,
-
12:14 - 12:17but the result is still ambiguous.
-
12:17 - 12:19The armour reflects only the subject’s arm and pommel,
-
12:19 - 12:22exactly as a well polished statue might have done.
-
12:22 - 12:26These shadows, which are too fine,
-
12:27 - 12:30and these very sketchy ripples in the water,
-
12:30 - 12:33suggest that his contemporaries’ technical virtuosity leaves Carpaccio relatively cold.
-
12:33 - 12:37So what is he really interested in?
-
12:38 - 12:41To understand him, we need to look at Pisanello,
-
12:41 - 12:44who bequeathed his successors a whole catalogue of motifs
-
12:44 - 12:46… which Carpaccio gleefully plunders!
-
12:46 - 12:49a stag seen from behind
-
12:50 - 12:52a crouching dog
-
12:52 - 12:54carrion-eaters waiting to fall on a carcass left by a predator
-
12:54 - 12:57and numerous knights
-
12:57 - 12:59… accompanied by young squires.
-
12:59 - 13:02And this copy/paste technique turns up in picture after picture:
-
13:03 - 13:07rabbits face to face
-
13:07 - 13:09hunted stags
-
13:11 - 13:13recurring human figures
-
13:16 - 13:19Paradoxically, the very thing which makes this technique interesting,
-
13:20 - 13:22is the sense of artificiality it conveys.
-
13:22 - 13:25In a landscape which might otherwise have the idyllic character [of a Bellini],
-
13:26 - 13:30Carpaccio inserts disturbing and macabre details,
-
13:30 - 13:36juxtaposing people or animals that seem to have no real connection, or even to see one another - rather like Pisanello in his Vision of Saint Eustace.
-
13:36 - 13:42In the midst of the Renaissance,
-
13:42 - 13:44Carpaccio shows us that the aesthetic of harmony,
-
13:44 - 13:46beauty,
-
13:46 - 13:47and the velvet touch
-
13:47 - 13:49is not the whole story.
-
13:49 - 13:51We also need chivalrous action
-
13:51 - 13:54strange signs
-
13:54 - 13:55and fantastic scenery
-
13:55 - 13:57to spur our imagination.
-
13:57 - 13:59Next episode: Holbein’s *portrait of Georg Gisze*
Another hero: *the Merchant?* -
14:02 - 14:07Find more about the series on: www.canal-educatif.fr
-
14:07 - 14:13Written & directed by
-
14:13 - 14:16Produced by
-
14:16 - 14:19Scientific expert
-
14:19 - 14:22Sponsors & public support
-
14:22 - 14:25Voiceover
-
14:25 - 14:28Editing & visual effects
-
14:28 - 14:31Post-production / Sound
-
14:31 - 14:34Musical selection
-
14:34 - 14:37Music
-
14:37 - 14:40Photographic credits
-
14:40 - 14:43Special thanks
English subtitles: Vincent Nash -
14:43 - 14:46A CED production
-
14:46 - 14:48Un film du CED
-
Not Syncedprey or predator, each creature must fend for itself.
- Title:
- L'Art en Question 8 : le Jeune Chevalier de Carpaccio
- Description:
-
"Comment un chevalier en armure peut-il intéresser un artiste de la Renaissance ? Carpaccio et son chevalier sont-ils restés prisonniers du siècle précédent ?
Plus d'infos sur la série et le projet sur http://www.canal-educatif.fr" - Video Language:
- French
Canal Educatif à la Demande edited English subtitles for L'Art en Question 8 : le Jeune Chevalier de Carpaccio | ||
Canal Educatif à la Demande edited English subtitles for L'Art en Question 8 : le Jeune Chevalier de Carpaccio | ||
Canal Educatif à la Demande edited English subtitles for L'Art en Question 8 : le Jeune Chevalier de Carpaccio | ||
Canal Educatif à la Demande edited English subtitles for L'Art en Question 8 : le Jeune Chevalier de Carpaccio | ||
Canal Educatif à la Demande edited English subtitles for L'Art en Question 8 : le Jeune Chevalier de Carpaccio | ||
Canal Educatif à la Demande edited English subtitles for L'Art en Question 8 : le Jeune Chevalier de Carpaccio | ||
Canal Educatif à la Demande edited English subtitles for L'Art en Question 8 : le Jeune Chevalier de Carpaccio | ||
Canal Educatif à la Demande edited English subtitles for L'Art en Question 8 : le Jeune Chevalier de Carpaccio |