The fight for the right to vote in the United States - Nicki Beaman Griffin
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0:07 - 0:09When the next general election rolls around,
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0:09 - 0:11who will be eligible to show up at the polls
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0:11 - 0:13and vote for the President of the United States?
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0:13 - 0:14It's really pretty simple.
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0:14 - 0:16If you are at least 18 years old,
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0:16 - 0:17a citizen of the U.S.,
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0:17 - 0:19and a resident of a state,
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0:19 - 0:20you can vote,
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0:20 - 0:22assuming, that is, you are not a felon.
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0:22 - 0:23Seems about right.
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0:23 - 0:25After all, the United States prides itself
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0:25 - 0:27on being a democracy,
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0:27 - 0:28or a government in which the ultimate authority
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0:28 - 0:30lies with the citizens of the nation.
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0:30 - 0:33But it was not always this way.
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0:33 - 0:35In 1789, George Washington won
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0:35 - 0:38the electoral college with 100% of the vote,
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0:38 - 0:40but whose vote was it?
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0:40 - 0:41Probably not yours.
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0:41 - 0:45Only 6% of the entire United States population
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0:45 - 0:47was allowed to vote at all.
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0:47 - 0:48Voting was a right
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0:48 - 0:50that only white, male property owners
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0:50 - 0:52were allowed to exercise.
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0:52 - 0:54By the 1820s and 1830s,
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0:54 - 0:55the American population was booming
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0:55 - 0:58from the east coast into the western frontier.
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0:58 - 1:00Frontier farmers were resilient,
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1:00 - 1:01self-reliant,
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1:01 - 1:03and mostly ineligible to vote
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1:03 - 1:05because they did not own land.
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1:05 - 1:07As these new areas of the nation became states,
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1:07 - 1:09they typically left out
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1:09 - 1:11the property requirement for voting.
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1:11 - 1:12Leaders such as Andrew Jackson,
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1:12 - 1:14the United State's first common man President,
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1:14 - 1:17promoted what he called universal suffrage.
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1:17 - 1:19Of course, by universal suffrage,
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1:19 - 1:22Jackson really meant universal white, male suffrage.
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1:22 - 1:24All he emphasized was getting rid
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1:24 - 1:26of the property requirement for voting,
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1:26 - 1:29not expanding the vote beyond white men.
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1:29 - 1:32By the 1850s, about 55% of the adult population
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1:32 - 1:34was eligible to vote in the U.S.,
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1:34 - 1:35much better than 6%,
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1:35 - 1:37but far from everybody.
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1:37 - 1:39Then, in 1861,
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1:39 - 1:41the American Civil War began
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1:41 - 1:43largely over the issue of slavery
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1:43 - 1:45and states' rights in the United States.
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1:45 - 1:46When it was all over,
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1:46 - 1:48the U.S. ratified the 15th Amendment,
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1:48 - 1:50which promised that a person's right to vote
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1:50 - 1:51could not be denied
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1:51 - 1:52based on race,
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1:52 - 1:53color,
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1:53 - 1:55or previous condition as a slave.
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1:55 - 1:57This meant that black men,
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1:57 - 1:59newly affirmed as citizens of the U.S.,
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1:59 - 2:00would now be allowed to vote.
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2:00 - 2:03Of course, laws are far from reality.
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2:03 - 2:05Despite the promise of the 15th Amendment,
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2:05 - 2:08intimidation kept African-Americans
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2:08 - 2:10from exercising their voting rights.
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2:10 - 2:12States passed laws that limited
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2:12 - 2:13the rights of African-Americans to vote,
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2:13 - 2:15including things like literacy tests,
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2:15 - 2:17which were rigged
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2:17 - 2:18so that not even literate African-Americans
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2:18 - 2:20were allowed to pass,
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2:20 - 2:21and poll taxes.
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2:21 - 2:23So, despite the 15th Amendment,
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2:23 - 2:26by 1892, only about 6% of black men
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2:26 - 2:28in Mississippi were registered to vote.
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2:28 - 2:31By 1960, it was only 1%.
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2:31 - 2:33And, of course, women were still totally out
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2:33 - 2:35of the national voting picture.
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2:35 - 2:37It wasn't until 1920
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2:37 - 2:38that the women's suffrage movement
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2:38 - 2:40won their 30-year battle,
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2:40 - 2:43and the 19th Amendment finally gave women the vote,
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2:43 - 2:45well, white women.
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2:45 - 2:47The restrictions on African-Americans,
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2:47 - 2:49including African-American women,
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2:49 - 2:49remained.
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2:49 - 2:51After World War II,
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2:51 - 2:52many Americans began to question
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2:52 - 2:54the state of U.S. democracy.
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2:54 - 2:55How could a nation that fought
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2:55 - 2:57for freedom and human rights abroad
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2:57 - 3:00come home and deny suffrage based on race?
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3:00 - 3:02The modern civil rights movement
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3:02 - 3:05began in the 1940s with those questions in mind.
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3:05 - 3:06After years of sacrifice,
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3:06 - 3:07bloodshed,
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3:07 - 3:08and pain,
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3:08 - 3:09the United States passed
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3:09 - 3:11the Voting Rights Act of 1965,
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3:11 - 3:13finally eliminating restrictions
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3:13 - 3:14such as literacy tests
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3:14 - 3:16and protecting the voting rights
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3:16 - 3:19promised under the 15th Amendment to the Constitution.
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3:19 - 3:23Now, any citizen over the age of 21 could vote.
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3:23 - 3:24All seemed well
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3:24 - 3:27until the United States went to war.
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3:27 - 3:29When the Vietnam War called up all men
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3:29 - 3:31age 18 and over for the draft,
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3:31 - 3:33many wondered whether it was fair
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3:33 - 3:36to send men who couldn't vote to war.
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3:36 - 3:39In 1971, the 26th Amendment to the Constitution
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3:39 - 3:42made all citizens 18 and older
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3:42 - 3:43eligible to vote,
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3:43 - 3:45the last major expansion of voting rights
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3:45 - 3:46in the United States.
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3:46 - 3:49Today, the pool of eligible voters in the U.S.
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3:49 - 3:51is far broader and more inclusive
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3:51 - 3:54than ever before in U.S. history.
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3:54 - 3:56But, of course, it's not perfect.
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3:56 - 3:57There are still active efforts
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3:57 - 3:59to suppress some groups from voting,
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3:59 - 4:03and only about 60% of those who can vote do.
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4:03 - 4:05Now that you know all the hard work
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4:05 - 4:07that went into securing the right to vote,
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4:07 - 4:08what do you think?
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4:08 - 4:11Do enough citizens have the right to vote now?
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4:11 - 4:13And among those who can vote,
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4:13 - 4:15why don't more of them do it?
- Title:
- The fight for the right to vote in the United States - Nicki Beaman Griffin
- Speaker:
- Nicki Beaman Griffin
- Description:
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View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-fight-for-the-right-to-vote-in-the-united-states-nicki-beaman-griffin
In the United States today, if you are over eighteen, a citizen, and the resident of a state, you can vote (with some exceptions). So, how have voting rights changed since the first election in 1789? Nicki Beaman Griffin outlines the history of the long fight for a more inclusive electorate.
Lesson by Nicki Beaman Griffin, animation by Flaming Medusa Studios.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TED-Ed
- Duration:
- 04:31
TED edited English subtitles for The fight for the right to vote in the United States | ||
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Jessica Ruby accepted English subtitles for The fight for the right to vote in the United States | ||
Jessica Ruby edited English subtitles for The fight for the right to vote in the United States | ||
Jessica Ruby edited English subtitles for The fight for the right to vote in the United States | ||
Andrea McDonough edited English subtitles for The fight for the right to vote in the United States | ||
Andrea McDonough edited English subtitles for The fight for the right to vote in the United States |