2.3 Telemachus' Tour (15:30)
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0:04 - 0:09As if we needed anymore indication from
book one that it was time for Telemachus -
0:09 - 0:13to, to grow up a little.
It actually comes out of Athena's mouth in -
0:13 - 0:16her disguise.
She's standing next to him on page 87 and -
0:16 - 0:21says you must not cling to your boyhood
any longer, it's time you were a man. -
0:21 - 0:25So, Telemachus realizes it's time to
change, somethings got to give. -
0:25 - 0:31It spurs him into his action of failed
attempt to rile the suitors in his of -
0:31 - 0:35beginning of Book two.
And then, he gets ready to haul off on -
0:35 - 0:37this tour with mentor as his guide,
Athena. -
0:37 - 0:42And when he does head out on this tour,
he's going to learn things. -
0:42 - 0:49Travels a way for him to gain knowledge.
And in his tour round these great capitals -
0:49 - 0:55in books three and four, what Telemachus
is really going to do is take a journey -
0:55 - 0:58into a past.
And this past is already something that -
0:58 - 1:02has a kind of grandeur to it.
He'll look at Pylos and this wonderful -
1:02 - 1:05wealthy citadel of, of, of that we see
with Nestor. -
1:05 - 1:10And then, we're going to move on to Sparta
and see Menelaus and Helen of Troy -
1:10 - 1:12herself.
We're going to see grand figures that are -
1:12 - 1:18already a mythic proportion according to
how Telemachus marshal his engagement with -
1:18 - 1:21them.
I thought in making this turn to this -
1:21 - 1:26grand past such as we're going to see in
three and four, I might just toss up here -
1:26 - 1:32a slide of a famous probably our most
famous ancient citadel from this time, the -
1:32 - 1:37citadel of Mycenae, Agamemnon's palace
This is so-called lion gate and it has an -
1:37 - 1:41air of majesty to it.
And, thinking back to the time when this -
1:41 - 1:44was built back in the first early, you
know, early, early, early times first -
1:44 - 1:48millennium BCE and even before these
citadels emerged up out of the out of the, -
1:49 - 1:54the plain around us and at a time, when
there were simple agrarian folk in most -
1:54 - 1:58parts of the world.
There would be these grand citadels. -
1:58 - 2:04And in the memory of time as the citadels
age and as history builds up around them, -
2:04 - 2:09and events take place that involve these
places, eventually people start to think, -
2:09 - 2:15my gosh, how in the world did they build
those things, anyway, all those centuries -
2:15 - 2:18ago?
And when they did that, they started down -
2:18 - 2:23a path of imaging that their ancestors
were greater than they were. -
2:23 - 2:28They even called these stones, Cyclopean
stones because they felt there was no way -
2:28 - 2:33a human being could have moved them and
they are kind of things that only a -
2:33 - 2:36Cyclops could move.
So, there was a, a, a kind of, of mythic -
2:37 - 2:41orientation toward their deep past that
the Greeks already had during Homer's -
2:41 - 2:44time.
The, the impulse here to look at your -
2:44 - 2:50ancestors as being much greater than you
were leads us to our first universal law -
2:50 - 2:53in the course.
I'm going to give you a few universal laws -
2:53 - 2:58in the course guarantee to be universal
money back guarantee. -
2:58 - 3:01And how much money do we pay for a course
there anyway? -
3:01 - 3:04Anyway, universal laws are money back
guarantee. -
3:04 - 3:09Universal law number one, nostalgia is the
most powerful force in the universe. -
3:09 - 3:15When people are looking back to their past
they always imagine that it must have been -
3:15 - 3:18better.
Seems to be something that is exhibited -
3:18 - 3:23across time and surely the Greeks are
susceptible to this form of nostalgia as -
3:23 - 3:26well.
So, Telemachus has his cue, it's time to -
3:26 - 3:30go and off he goes.
He's going to visit two amazing places. -
3:30 - 3:35Athena's going to bring him along.
He's going to see Nestor's coastal city. -
3:35 - 3:41And when he does, he's going to move from
the his edge of his island of Ithaca and -
3:41 - 3:46have a trip down by boat to Pylos.
Now remember, when he arrives by boat in -
3:46 - 3:49Pylos, what does he see there on the
shore? -
3:49 - 3:55There are nine divisions of 500 people
each. -
3:55 - 4:01So, already, we've got 4,500 people on a
beach, that's probably going to arrest -
4:01 - 4:05your attention.
And now in case, we haven't gotten your -
4:05 - 4:09attention, each of those groups of 500,
each of those nine groups of 500 is -
4:09 - 4:13slaughtering nine bulls.
So, we've got 81 bulls being slaughtered -
4:13 - 4:18simultaneously on a beach.
If that doesn't grab your attention, then -
4:18 - 4:23you probably need some smelling salts.
What Telemachus sees there absolutely is -
4:23 - 4:28just extraordinary to him.
The grandeur of this scene something -
4:28 - 4:32amazing.
And the display of wealth, the conspicuous -
4:32 - 4:36display of wealth.
81 bulls during Telemachus' time is, a, a -
4:36 - 4:42fortune to last, you know the equivalent
of a fortune that could last a huge chunk -
4:42 - 4:46of a lifetime.
And yet, here they are just being expended -
4:46 - 4:48in this one event on the shores as he
goes. -
4:48 - 4:51So, we know we're entering into a world of
grandeur. -
4:51 - 4:55And now, keeping in mind that this is a
world of grandeur, we're always going to -
4:55 - 5:00be remembering, although it's going to
take Telemachus a little while to remember -
5:00 - 5:04himself, that this should be the kind of
grandeur that exists in his household. -
5:04 - 5:08And instead, these vagabonds are running
riot across it. -
5:08 - 5:10From Pylos and then, we go over land, over
to Sparta. -
5:10 - 5:15And at that point, we're going to meet
Menelaus, Agamemnon's very brother, and -
5:15 - 5:18Helen of Troy, that face that launched a
thousand ships. -
5:18 - 5:22We're going to have a private audience
with her through Telemachus' eyes, we're -
5:22 - 5:25going to see Helen.
Now, through this trip through this -
5:25 - 5:30traveling that Telemachus is going to do,
it's a way for him to gain knowledge. -
5:30 - 5:36And at the same time, he's mirroring in a
smaller, more controlled way, the kind of -
5:36 - 5:40adventure that his father is on.
For each of them the experiential -
5:40 - 5:45knowledge that's gained through traveling
is something that's profound, that's -
5:45 - 5:50powerful, that's life-shaping that gives
them tools, and that allows them to -
5:50 - 5:55advance in their own lives.
Travel is a deeply powerful tool according -
5:55 - 6:01to the scale of values.
So as he gets ready to make his journey, -
6:01 - 6:07makes his connection gears up his boat,
gets his provisions, makes his way to -
6:07 - 6:12Pylos, sees this grandeur, he sits down
and has his audience with Nestor. -
6:12 - 6:18When he gets to Sparta, he'll sit down and
have his audience with Menelaus and with, -
6:18 - 6:21with Helen.
Now, at each turn, the, the elders sit -
6:21 - 6:28back and listen to Telemachus' version of
events, and the first thing they do, when -
6:28 - 6:33they hear what is happening, is to react
the way, presumably, we're being taught a -
6:33 - 6:38person should react, they don't just feel
sorry for Telemachus, they don't pat him -
6:38 - 6:42on the head and give him some Kleenex,
they're angry. -
6:42 - 6:47They're angry.
The constant exhibition of Telemachus's -
6:47 - 6:51elders after he tells them this story is
to feel anger. -
6:51 - 6:55We see this multiple times as the story is
being told. -
6:55 - 7:02Athena has already shown it page 85, as
[unknown] mentor, she is outraged and she -
7:02 - 7:05talks about how shameful this exhibition
is. -
7:05 - 7:11On page 134, we hear from Menelaus, we
also hear from Nestor, that this is -
7:11 - 7:16shameful what's happening.
Anger comes up when they hear this. -
7:16 - 7:21The tour is partly an education for
Telemahus to be schooled in how his -
7:21 - 7:25emotions ought to be working.
His emotions need some calibration. -
7:25 - 7:29They need some changing.
Oftentimes, I think we think that emotions -
7:29 - 7:34are just kind of natural responses to
things and that just by nature you are -
7:34 - 7:38going to feel things like embarrassment,
or anger, or joy or what, whatever it is. -
7:38 - 7:43But the stance that Homer is taking here
in the Odyssey is a little bit different. -
7:43 - 7:47It seems that Telemachus actually needs
some schooling in this. -
7:47 - 7:51There's an acculturation that he needs to
do to know that it is right now to feel -
7:51 - 7:54anger.
That is the kind of emotional response he -
7:54 - 7:58should be having.
Each person that he talks to expresses -
7:58 - 8:01that.
Then also, at each turn, we hear a -
8:01 - 8:07particular name that's brought up.
When we're talking to Nestor on page 113, -
8:07 - 8:14the name Orestes comes up.
Athena disguised as mentor on page 115 -
8:14 - 8:17talks about Orestes.
Menaleus, page 141. -
8:17 - 8:22After hearing the story of what's
happening in Telemachus household, talks -
8:22 - 8:27about Orestes, and in fact, casting our
mind back for a second, back to book one -
8:27 - 8:32Zeus in his introductory remarks right at
the very beginning, talks about Orestes -
8:32 - 8:38right on page 78 in the translation.
At each point a person who mentions -
8:38 - 8:44Orestes is an older authority figure.
They're reacting to this expression of -
8:44 - 8:47powerlessness.
In Zeus' case, it's the idea that people -
8:47 - 8:53just toss up their hands and it just feels
like everything is just faded and it's the -
8:53 - 8:56gods fault.
Instead, take action like that Orestes -
8:56 - 8:59did.
The mentor Nestor and Menelaus each after -
8:59 - 9:04they hear the story that Telemachus tells
and of his own pathetic powerlessness in -
9:04 - 9:08the situation say, oh, have you heard the
one about Orestes? -
9:08 - 9:13Now, what are they referring to?
What is this situation involving Orestes? -
9:13 - 9:17Well, it just so happens that the, one of
the famous stories of homecoming is -
9:17 - 9:22something that's already percolating in
the background of Homer's Odyssey. -
9:23 - 9:28When Agamemnon famously makes his way
home, he gets home pretty quickly. -
9:28 - 9:33It's not a struggle for him to get a ship
back to his to his citadel. -
9:33 - 9:36But when he does, he sees his wife.
Hello and I'm, I'm back home. -
9:36 - 9:42He doesn't realize that his wife has taken
up a liaison with a lover and that the two -
9:42 - 9:46of them go ahead and murder Agamemnon
shortly after he arrives. -
9:46 - 9:52Now, this is an awful thing, Clytemnestra,
Agamemnon's wife, and her lover killed the -
9:52 - 9:57head of household, Agamemnon, her husband.
Now, it just so happens that within the -
9:57 - 10:03Greek ethical code, if someone kills your
father as a son or a daughter, it is now -
10:03 - 10:08your duty to kill your father's killer.
Well now, what happens in Agamemnon's -
10:08 - 10:11family?
Agamemnon's own son and daughter are -
10:11 - 10:16responsible now for taking revenge against
this killer, which means for them, killing -
10:16 - 10:19their own mother.
This is a nasty business. -
10:19 - 10:24This is ugly, and this is awful.
In Homer's version of it, the part that's -
10:24 - 10:27really emphasized is the lover part,
Aegisthus. -
10:27 - 10:31It's, he's talked about as the one most
responsible for the death of Agamemnon. -
10:31 - 10:35So, Orestes goes ahead and takes care of
business and kills Aegisthus. -
10:35 - 10:39But it's a messy story.
It's already messy in Homer's time. -
10:39 - 10:43And if you get even messier when we
concentrate on it in our out weeks of the -
10:43 - 10:49class, we're going to turn to, after we
turn to classical Athenian tragedy we're -
10:49 - 10:53going to see the story of Agamemnon told
through Aeschylus' eyes. -
10:53 - 10:56My goodness, that's going to make my hairs
grow. -
10:57 - 11:03But when Homer focuses on it, what he
means to point is, Orestes in a situation -
11:03 - 11:10that was very ugly and very nasty, he had
the gumption to do what needed to be done. -
11:10 - 11:16Even in a situation where that was nasty,
nasty business, Orestes, did, what needed -
11:16 - 11:19to be done.
Orestes and the story of run, cycling -
11:19 - 11:23around Agamemnon show up multiple times in
Homer's Odyssey. -
11:23 - 11:29And in relation to Telemachus, they always
show up as this kind of coda tom that's -
11:29 - 11:33placed on the end of Telemachus feeling
sorry for himself in the code that comes -
11:33 - 11:37from a more, from an older more
experienced person saying, you know what, -
11:37 - 11:41even in the nasty business that Orestes
had to take care of, his house was all -
11:41 - 11:44messed up and Orestes came in and took
care of business. -
11:44 - 11:49So when Telemachus is being schooled on
how he should be reacting to the world, -
11:49 - 11:54he's being introduced generally to the
grand and aristocratic world that is his -
11:54 - 11:58birthright, that he ought to be enforcing
to be his own on the island of Ithaca, -
11:58 - 12:01he's being introduced to an emotional
response. -
12:01 - 12:04He's being enculturated to the right
emotional response. -
12:04 - 12:08Anger is what the person is supposed to
feel when something as nasty as what is -
12:08 - 12:12happening in your house is happening.
Not pity , not sorry for yourself. -
12:12 - 12:16Not powerlessness.
He's also being schooled in historical -
12:16 - 12:19lessons.
By saying, look, if you're in this -
12:19 - 12:25situation, you think you've got it bad,
well, don't overlook what happened in a -
12:25 - 12:30similar, you know, in a, in a situation
that was surely as bad as yours, and -
12:30 - 12:35probably much worse.
Also, Orestes took care of business in his -
12:35 - 12:38own situation.
And you, as the son of a father whose -
12:38 - 12:44being displaced by people that are eating
you out of house and home, it's going to -
12:44 - 12:49be incumbent upon you, their hinting,
hinting, hinting to take action yourself. -
12:49 - 12:53Go ahead and be the Orestes of your own
story and take action. -
12:53 - 12:59Now, in book four, there's a wonderful
scene that I just wanted to spend a little -
12:59 - 13:05bit of time with, we get to after we've
had a chance to meet Nestor and his -
13:05 - 13:12amazing display of wealth we get a chance
to see what's happening, in the, the house -
13:12 - 13:16of house of Menelaus.
We also get to see that beautiful woman -
13:16 - 13:21Helen of Troy herself.
She comes in and has an entrance into the -
13:21 - 13:24story.
We get to hear from her and hear her own -
13:24 - 13:28story.
When she does jump into the story there -
13:28 - 13:31are some interesting things for us to
recognize. -
13:31 - 13:34First of all, her beauty.
Her bewitching guile. -
13:34 - 13:38It's extraordinary.
It's, it's obviously overwhelming. -
13:38 - 13:41She is indeed the face that launched a
thousand ships. -
13:41 - 13:47When we get to see her she brings in a
nice bowl for us to drink from that is -
13:47 - 13:51going to soothe our, our pains or else an,
an alcoholic beverage. -
13:51 - 13:55But she also adds to it something extra,
something special. -
13:55 - 14:01These are special drugs that she got on
her sojourn in Egypt when she and Menelaus -
14:01 - 14:05were blown off course.
And these drugs, she can now mix into -
14:05 - 14:10wine, that mix into this wonderful potion,
where no one could feel any pain for -
14:10 - 14:14having had it.
The narcotic effect of the wine is another -
14:14 - 14:19thing that seems to be hovering around the
aura that is Helen. -
14:19 - 14:23So, in the case of Helen, we have beauty,
we have magical power, we have -
14:23 - 14:26intoxication.
A little bit of danger, as well, because -
14:26 - 14:32she can bring you out of this world.
All of these things together showing up in -
14:32 - 14:37the figure of Helen, this is a cluster of
ideas that we're going to see visited -
14:37 - 14:40regularly in Homeric epic.
Of women who have power. -
14:40 - 14:43Who have very clear erotic dimension to
their power. -
14:43 - 14:46Who also are mixed up in the idea of, of,
of magic. -
14:46 - 14:51Who have extraordinary beauty.
And who when they arrive in a room, turn -
14:51 - 14:54lots of heads.
There's a tremendous power that Homer sees -
14:55 - 15:00in, in this cluster of ideas, and we're
going to see it represented in multiple -
15:00 - 15:06places as our story moves forward.
Not least, when we turn to away from our -
15:06 - 15:11story of Telemachus in the first four
books of the Odyssey and move on to meet -
15:12 - 15:24our hero, the man himself the, the, the
man the muses are singing of, Odysseus. -
15:25 - 15:33He'll appear in our next lecture.
- Title:
- 2.3 Telemachus' Tour (15:30)
- Description:
-
From the "Greek and Roman Mythology" course - https://www.coursera.org/course/mythology - by Professor Peter Struck,
University of PennsylvaniaTo GTC translators: if you want to use this page to check the timing of your translation, be sure to set the source in the subtitling interface on English - version 3 or earlier, which have the same time-codes as on Transifex. As these timecodes are inaccurate, someone might be tempted to resync the English subtitles.
- Video Language:
- English
Claude Almansi edited English subtitles for https:/.../2-3+Telemachus+Tour+%5B59a0d298%5D+.mp4 | ||
Claude Almansi edited English subtitles for https:/.../2-3+Telemachus+Tour+%5B59a0d298%5D+.mp4 | ||
Claude Almansi edited English subtitles for https:/.../2-3+Telemachus+Tour+%5B59a0d298%5D+.mp4 |