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[silence]
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So I heard you didn't really
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get the transformations,
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but I think I can help you
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out a little bit.
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So, transform just means
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change something.
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You already know that.
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And in geometry,
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there are some
types of transformations
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that are helpful to know about.
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So, the main thing is
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you have a first thing
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and then a second thing.
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So, one shape changes
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into another shape.
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And, the first one's called
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the pre-image,
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and the next one's
called the image.
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So, "pre" just means before.
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Just remember that,
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like pre-liminary and
pre-historic
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and then the next image.
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So, the first kind
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is a reflection.
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And again, you know what
this means already,
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but a reflection in geometry
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just means that
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you've flipped something
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over an axis.
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So, you could even look
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at your hands.
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This hand is a reflection
of the other hand.
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So, they've just flipped
onto each other,
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or you could think about a
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um, like a landscape scene.
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If you look at a lake
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that's reflecting,
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like the mountains,
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then it's just,
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the axis is that line
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of where the lake starts.
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So, that's a good way
to remember.
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Another kind
is called a rotation,
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and you know what that is too.
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But a rotation just means
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you're switching a shape
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onto a rotating axis.
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So, like this.
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And, another way to think
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about a rotation
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is two reflections.
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And, that doesn't need
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to be confusing.
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All you need to know is that
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if you have one thing
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reflected onto another
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and then it reflects again,
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it ends up being a rotation.
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So...
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That's a good way to
remember that too.
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And, one more type
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is called a translation.
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So, this is just like a slide.
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So, just like this
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moving over here.
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That's a translation.
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Another way to think
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about a translation is again,
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two reflections,
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but this time the reflections
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are in a straight line.
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So, if you reflect
this hand...here
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and you reflect it
one more time,
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then this hand
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has reflected over here.
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So, sorry
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this hand has translated
over here.
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So, these types, um,
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of transformations
are called isometric.
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A translation, a rotation,
and a reflection
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are all
isometric transformations.
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That just means same.
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So, when you start out
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with a pre-image,
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it will always be the same size
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and shape as the image.
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But, there's one more type
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of transformation
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that isn't isometric,
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and that's called dilation.
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And, if you ever go
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to the eye doctor,
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and they dilate your eyes,
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it means they made them
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really big so that they could
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see inside them.
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So, when you dilate a shape,
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you make it either
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smaller or bigger,
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one of those two.
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So, one more term
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is a glide reflection.
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And a glide reflection
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is exactly what it sounds like.
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It's just one reflection
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plus one translation,
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and these can be
in either order.
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You could either
translate and then reflect
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or you could
reflect and then translate.
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Either way.
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[pause]
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So, transformations are helpful,
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because we can know about
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something called a tessellation.
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And a tessellation is
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just a repeating shape,
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but only certain types
of shapes can repeat
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in patterns that don't overlap.
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So, if we had like
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a crazy star or something,
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it wouldn't tessellate,
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because it's a weird shape.
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But, if we had just like
a square or a rectangle,
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it'll tessellate perfectly,
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because they can overlap
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in any sort of pattern.
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So like, it's why we can have
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a brick wall or something,
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you know.
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They can...
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they perfectly fit
next to each other
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and on top of each other.
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But, if you need to know
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what types of shapes
can tessellate,
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we can remember
by angle measure.
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So, if all the angles of a shape
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equal 360 degrees,
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then they'll be able
to tessellate.
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So, sometimes you can look
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at a shape and figure it out.
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Other times, maybe you can't.
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So, if you need to remember
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what types of shapes can,
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if all the angles that meet up
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equal 360,
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then you're in business.
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You can tessellate.
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So, you know rectangles can,
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like in this picture.
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But then in the next one,
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we have two different shapes.
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We have squares and triangles,
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and you can see that
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all these angles together,
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the 90 plus 90 plus
60 plus 60 plus 60
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equals 360 degrees.
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And, if you just add up
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all the angles that touch
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and they equal 360,
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then you can see,
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like right here,
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that they tessellate perfectly.