How to be a technology innovator: Meredith Perry at TEDxNashville
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0:10 - 0:15(Applause)
-
0:16 - 0:19How's everybody doing?
-
0:19 - 0:21Are you as nervous as me?
-
0:21 - 0:23Probably not.
-
0:23 - 0:25So today I'm going to
talk to you about -
0:25 - 0:28how to be a technology
innovator without -
0:28 - 0:30an engineering degree or Asperger's.
-
0:33 - 0:36If you look at something
from one angle long enough -
0:36 - 0:40it becomes very difficult to see it
from a different perspective. -
0:40 - 0:43Check out this picture.
This is a burr. -
0:43 - 0:45It's one of those prickly
plants that gets stuck to -
0:45 - 0:48your clothes when
you're walking outside. -
0:48 - 0:53But what if you could look at
the burr and think of Velcro? -
0:53 - 0:58The burr was the inspiration
for the creation of Velcro. -
0:58 - 1:00I try to think like this whenever
I learn about a new technology, -
1:00 - 1:03or about how anything
in the world works. -
1:03 - 1:05How can one thing,
-
1:05 - 1:08one technology be applied
to something else in the world? -
1:08 - 1:11An example is a while back
I learned about a new -
1:11 - 1:13waterproof film for electronics.
-
1:13 - 1:15And I applied this exercise.
-
1:15 - 1:19Where else in the world
might a waterproof film be useful? -
1:19 - 1:23Then I realized, if you could stick
a waterproof film into shampoo, -
1:23 - 1:26you could eliminate umbrellas.
-
1:26 - 1:30Now, I have no idea if
this is scientifically plausible -
1:30 - 1:34but it seems like a cool idea
and it's worth exploring, right? -
1:34 - 1:38If you open your mind you can
come up with really creative ideas -
1:38 - 1:41by connecting objects and
technologies that on the surface -
1:41 - 1:45seemingly have nothing
to do with each other. -
1:45 - 1:49Here's another example.
This is the Breathe Right nasal strip. -
1:49 - 1:52This was created by a
Disney Imagineer, not a doctor. -
1:52 - 1:55And one night he went to sleep
and his nose was stuffy -
1:55 - 1:59and he realized that if you
lift the skin on your nose -
1:59 - 2:01you can breath clearly.
-
2:01 - 2:03And so he invented
a strip that does just that -
2:03 - 2:08and the result is
a multimillion-dollar product. -
2:08 - 2:11Space elevators,
energy derived from water, -
2:11 - 2:15food that is synthesized from
boxes of carbon and oxygen. -
2:15 - 2:17These kind of all seem like crazy ideas,
-
2:17 - 2:21but maybe these ideas just
haven't been fully explored yet. -
2:22 - 2:24We live in a world where
we are divided by skill set -
2:24 - 2:27according to our
educational backgrounds -
2:27 - 2:30and the letters next to
our names like PhD and MD. -
2:30 - 2:33These people are considered
the experts in their fields. -
2:33 - 2:35And so naturally one would
assume that the people -
2:35 - 2:37that know the most about their fields
-
2:37 - 2:40will be the innovators
within their fields. -
2:40 - 2:42And often times they are.
-
2:42 - 2:46But these people are also hindered
sometimes because they know too much. -
2:46 - 2:48They've been trained
to think in a certain way -
2:48 - 2:50and so their knowledge
and expertise in a field -
2:50 - 2:53is thus narrowly tied
to their own experiences -
2:53 - 2:54and to what they've been taught.
-
2:54 - 2:57And in this way people are
sometimes trained to think -
2:57 - 2:59inside of the box.
-
2:59 - 3:02Experts often look at problems
from the same viewpoint -
3:02 - 3:04that it becomes
almost impossible for them -
3:04 - 3:07to see it from
a different perspective. -
3:07 - 3:10And in fact it creates
a cognitive dissonance or -
3:10 - 3:12a discomfort in all of us
when we're forced -
3:12 - 3:16to view things in a way
in which we are not used to. -
3:16 - 3:18So in other words,
by virtue of having perspective, -
3:18 - 3:20we lack perspective.
-
3:20 - 3:23And this phenomenon greatly hinders
-
3:23 - 3:27technological innovation and creativity.
-
3:27 - 3:29And so it's no coincidence
that most great discoveries -
3:29 - 3:32were made by people
early in their careers. -
3:32 - 3:34It's no coincidence that
most Nobel Prize winners -
3:34 - 3:36came up with their
groundbreaking research -
3:36 - 3:38during or soon after their graduate studies.
-
3:38 - 3:41And yet these people are
often not awarded their big prizes -
3:41 - 3:44until decades after their research.
-
3:44 - 3:48Until the implications of
their research are in common use. -
3:48 - 3:51So I propose that it's the people
who don't look at new fields -
3:51 - 3:55with a jaded eye, who are not
tied to five, ten, twenty years -
3:55 - 3:57of training who are able
to come in and look at a problem -
3:57 - 4:00from an entirely fresh perspective.
-
4:00 - 4:02They can come in with
a fresh way of looking at problems -
4:02 - 4:04departing from the traditional approaches
-
4:04 - 4:07that have been followed by the experts.
-
4:07 - 4:10And without constraints
of an ingrained framework -
4:10 - 4:13they can look at problems
without decades of prejudice, -
4:13 - 4:15and be able to come
up with big connections -
4:15 - 4:18between objects and
technologies that seemingly -
4:18 - 4:21have nothing to do with each other.
-
4:21 - 4:24So last October while I was
an undergraduate at Penn -
4:24 - 4:26I came up with a way
to wirelessly transmit power -
4:26 - 4:29through the air in just two days.
-
4:29 - 4:31Just by thinking about
the problem differently -
4:31 - 4:33and by asking a lot of questions.
-
4:33 - 4:37I was not an engineer
and I did not have Asperger's. -
4:37 - 4:40My experience has shown me
that there is a lot -
4:40 - 4:42of creativity in this world
that is not being harnessed -
4:42 - 4:45because people don't have
the right letters next to their names. -
4:45 - 4:48And because people are
too afraid to push forward -
4:48 - 4:53their ideas that can't possibly work
because they thought of it. -
4:53 - 4:58When I looked at my wireless laptop
with a 15-foot wire -
4:58 - 5:00dangling from its power socket
-
5:00 - 5:03I wondered
how can I get rid of that cord? -
5:03 - 5:05How could I beam
energy to my computer -
5:05 - 5:07so that I didn't have to
plug it in to charge it? -
5:07 - 5:11How could I make
charging more like Wi-Fi? -
5:11 - 5:12I began by thinking about objects
-
5:12 - 5:14that beamed energy through the air.
-
5:14 - 5:16I asked really simple questions.
-
5:16 - 5:18Things that people in this room
probably already know. -
5:18 - 5:20Like,
how do remote controls work? -
5:20 - 5:23How do lasers work?
How does Wi-Fi work? -
5:23 - 5:25I googled the wireless
power landscape -
5:25 - 5:27and realized that there were
a few viable solutions. -
5:27 - 5:29But each solution had
its own set of problems -
5:29 - 5:34that would get in the way
of its commercialization. -
5:34 - 5:36So I realized that you
could beam the entire -
5:36 - 5:38electromagnetic spectrum,
which is basically everything -
5:38 - 5:41from radio waves to gamma waves.
-
5:41 - 5:43But the right half of the spectrum
was too dangerous to beam. -
5:43 - 5:46You know, you wouldn't want
X-rays whizzing through your body -
5:46 - 5:47just to be able to charge your cell phone.
-
5:47 - 5:50And the left half of the spectrum
was either too inefficient -
5:50 - 5:53or too tightly regulated by the government.
-
5:53 - 5:56So I had to approach the problem creatively.
-
5:56 - 5:59I looked into harnessing
the energy from vibrations -
5:59 - 6:03that constantly surround us like
the road bumps you feel in your car. -
6:03 - 6:07But how could my electronic devices
harness this energy? -
6:07 - 6:10I knew that no one would want to stick
a shaker to the back of their phone -
6:10 - 6:14or stick bulky energy
harvesting plates in their shoes. -
6:14 - 6:19So I had to figure out a way
to send vibrations through the air. -
6:20 - 6:23And then I realized sound does that.
-
6:23 - 6:26Sound travels through the air
by vibrating air particles -
6:26 - 6:28and because sound is a form of energy,
-
6:28 - 6:32you can harness
the vibrational energy of sound. -
6:32 - 6:33So I started doing research on ultrasound
-
6:33 - 6:37because it was too high in frequency
for you to be able to hear it. -
6:37 - 6:39And in my research
I learned that ultrasound -
6:39 - 6:42was used to create acoustic weapons.
-
6:42 - 6:45So I figured that if there was
enough energy from ultrasound -
6:45 - 6:50to create a bomb, you could probably
charge your cell phone with it. -
6:50 - 6:53So how does a Paleobiology major at Penn
-
6:53 - 6:57learn how to convert
ultrasound into electricity? -
6:57 - 7:00Well, I literally just googled it.
And I found a -- -
7:00 - 7:06(Laughter) (Applause)
-
7:06 - 7:09And I found a material that did just that.
-
7:09 - 7:11So this is less than 48 hours after
-
7:11 - 7:14the original idea
of creating wireless power. -
7:14 - 7:18Ultrasonic wireless power.
It seemed like an awesome idea, -
7:18 - 7:23but I figured that if I thought of it
there was no way it could work. -
7:23 - 7:25Why hadn't somebody else
thought of it before? -
7:25 - 7:28Why hadn't the ultrasound expert
thought of it before? -
7:28 - 7:32I didn't know enough about the technology
to determine if it could work or not. -
7:32 - 7:35And I was a little hesitant
to tell any real engineers about it. -
7:35 - 7:37Because honestly, I thought
they would laugh at me. -
7:37 - 7:40I thought they would think I was stupid.
-
7:40 - 7:42But about a week or so later I decided
-
7:42 - 7:44to tell my physics professor
about the idea. -
7:44 - 7:46And when I did,
he told me that it wouldn't work. -
7:46 - 7:48That there was no way
that I could get enough energy -
7:48 - 7:51out of ultrasound to be able
to charge a cell phone. -
7:51 - 7:57I was crushed, but I kept thinking
about that acoustic bomb. -
7:58 - 8:00I knew that I needed to do more research,
-
8:00 - 8:05so I read paper after paper on ultrasound
and I devised the basic system. -
8:05 - 8:08I tried to teach myself
as much as I possibly could. -
8:08 - 8:09I was reading
"Electrical Engineering For Dummies" -
8:09 - 8:15and begging professors to teach me
extra concepts after class. -
8:15 - 8:17And as outlandish as it sounds,
I decided to submit the idea -
8:17 - 8:20to the Penn Invention Competition.
-
8:20 - 8:23I ordered a few ultrasonic
transmitters and receivers online. -
8:23 - 8:26And got an electrical engineering student
-
8:26 - 8:28to help me wire a few things together.
-
8:28 - 8:32We were able to prove that you could beam
-
8:32 - 8:36a tiny amount of power over about an inch.
-
8:36 - 8:39This was enough to keep me going.
-
8:39 - 8:42We won the student invention competition.
-
8:42 - 8:45And a few days later,
I was told that Walt Mossberg, -
8:45 - 8:48the senior technology columnist
for the Wall Street Journal -
8:48 - 8:51wanted to speak to us.
-
8:51 - 8:55This was crazy. (Laughter)
-
8:55 - 8:58He told us that if we could build
a real prototype of this technology -
8:58 - 9:01we could demo it
at his annual tech conference. -
9:01 - 9:04Now, at the time I didn't know
much about Walt or his D conference. -
9:04 - 9:08But I soon learned that this was
the premier tech conference of the year. -
9:08 - 9:11That this was where
Steve Jobs debated Bill Gates. -
9:11 - 9:13I knew I needed to get to this conference.
-
9:13 - 9:17But I had absolutely no idea
if I could really build it. -
9:17 - 9:21I had one month.
The race was on. -
9:21 - 9:23So to make this thing work,
I had to scale it up -
9:23 - 9:27from basically what was a tiny little toy
to a decent sized prototype. -
9:27 - 9:29Now remember, I was
the idea person, you know. -
9:29 - 9:31I could tell you about the science
and how it works, -
9:31 - 9:35but I had absolutely no idea
how to wire anything together. -
9:35 - 9:37So I found an engineer in Indiana
and I begged him -
9:37 - 9:40to help me build this prototype.
-
9:40 - 9:43I simplified the design
using off the shelf parts. -
9:43 - 9:47And we worked together day and night
for two straight weeks over the phone -
9:47 - 9:51building this prototype and we finished
it just two days before the conference. -
9:51 - 9:52And I got it working only 10 minutes
-
9:52 - 9:56before I had to demo it for the first time.
(Laughter) -
9:56 - 9:59Talk about anxiety.
-
9:59 - 10:02But it worked and that was so cool.
-
10:02 - 10:05We beamed energy over three feet
and at about thirty times -
10:05 - 10:07the amount of power that we got out
-
10:07 - 10:10from the initial proof of concept model.
-
10:10 - 10:13The conference was an enormous success.
-
10:13 - 10:16But it surprisingly spurred
a lot of anger and criticism -
10:16 - 10:18from real engineers.
-
10:18 - 10:21(Laughter)
-
10:21 - 10:24They told me that it could
never work on a larger scale, -
10:24 - 10:26there was no way you could actually
-
10:26 - 10:28use ultrasound to charge a cell phone,
-
10:28 - 10:31that what I was trying to do was impossible.
-
10:31 - 10:33But I also knew
that no one could really determine -
10:33 - 10:35if the technology could work or not.
-
10:35 - 10:38Because the technology didn't exist yet.
-
10:38 - 10:40And what I had shown there on the D stage
-
10:40 - 10:42was using off the shelf parts.
-
10:42 - 10:45We hadn't even tried to push it further.
-
10:45 - 10:46And I kept hearing the same story about
-
10:46 - 10:48how one person would say
something was impossible, -
10:48 - 10:50then somebody else would figure it out.
-
10:50 - 10:53But despite my optimism,
I still felt insecure -
10:53 - 10:56because so many people
were trying to knock me down. -
10:56 - 10:59So I flew around the country
talking to the top professors -
10:59 - 11:01in acoustic research.
-
11:01 - 11:04And I was happy to find that
most of them thought it could work. -
11:04 - 11:06But with a few questions.
-
11:06 - 11:09And probably the biggest
nagging question was: -
11:09 - 11:15If this thing could work,
why hadn't it been done before? -
11:15 - 11:17And it also seemed that
for every positive opinion I got -
11:17 - 11:19there was another negative one.
-
11:19 - 11:22I couldn't believe how
there were such different -
11:22 - 11:25opinions by experts in the same field.
-
11:25 - 11:30But despite my frustration, this was
a very important lesson for me to learn. -
11:30 - 11:32This taught me to be skeptical of experts,
-
11:32 - 11:36that expertise represented
a narrow way of looking at things, -
11:36 - 11:40and that experts knew what they knew
based on their own prior studies. -
11:40 - 11:43And since ultrasonic
wireless power didn't exist yet, -
11:43 - 11:44no one had prior studies with it.
-
11:44 - 11:49So no one could really determine
if this could work on a larger scale. -
11:49 - 11:52And nobody really
fully understood the problem. -
11:52 - 11:56And so no one could
accurately answer my questions. -
11:56 - 11:59I realized that it was up to me to solve it.
-
11:59 - 12:00And this was a very daunting prospect
-
12:00 - 12:04considering my scientific background
was at the undergraduate level. -
12:04 - 12:08And my engineering was largely self-taught.
-
12:08 - 12:13So asking seven people the same
question and averaging the answer -
12:13 - 12:16was a very inefficient way about doing things,
-
12:16 - 12:19but it did push the concept forward.
-
12:19 - 12:21And the further that I dug
into the technology -
12:21 - 12:25and the theory behind it
-
12:25 - 12:28the more complex
the technological hurdles became. -
12:28 - 12:31And with each new hurdle
another engineer would tell me: -
12:31 - 12:33It's not going to work.
-
12:33 - 12:36But because I already learned
to not trust one person's opinion -
12:36 - 12:39I became immune to the naysayers.
-
12:39 - 12:42For each technological hurdle
deemed insurmountable by the experts -
12:42 - 12:45I would spend just a few hours
thinking about the problem -
12:45 - 12:47from a variety of approaches.
-
12:47 - 12:51As Steve Jobs said,
I had to think differently. -
12:51 - 12:56So I found solutions based on
the acoustics of musical instruments, -
12:56 - 12:59based on other technologies
and from basic research, -
12:59 - 13:03such as -- from authoritative
sources such as Wikipedia. -
13:04 - 13:07And when I would present
my progress to the engineers -
13:07 - 13:10they'd say,
"Yeah, that could work." -
13:10 - 13:13So I was able solve problems
-
13:13 - 13:14when the PhD experts couldn't
-
13:14 - 13:18with just a few hours of really simple research.
-
13:18 - 13:21Every single argument over
why the technology couldn't work -
13:21 - 13:23has been indisputably wrong.
-
13:23 - 13:26And for every objection that's been raised
-
13:26 - 13:28I've found solutions.
-
13:28 - 13:31This was another very important
lesson for me to learn. -
13:31 - 13:33Engineers are inherently
linear thinkers -
13:33 - 13:37and tend to take a very binary approach
to solving problems. -
13:37 - 13:42When faced with a problem they think:
Can this work, or can this not work? -
13:42 - 13:45But I would think,
How can I make this work? -
13:45 - 13:47As a non-expert
I had an advantage because -
13:47 - 13:49I could look at a problem
from different angles -
13:49 - 13:52because I just didn't know it was possible.
-
13:52 - 13:54Being naive is sometimes a good thing.
-
13:54 - 13:58Because without constraints
the world is truly your oyster. -
13:58 - 14:03Now this is not to say that experts
aren't necessary, that is entirely false. -
14:03 - 14:07Experts are extremely critical
in carrying scientific visions forward -
14:07 - 14:10and driving ideas to reality.
-
14:10 - 14:13And now eight months later
I have four of the top -
14:13 - 14:17ultrasonic engineers in the world
working for me, or working with me. -
14:17 - 14:20(Laughter)
-
14:20 - 14:25And developing my prototype
according to my design. -
14:25 - 14:27It's going to work and
it's going to be awesome. -
14:27 - 14:29And I can't wait
to give the middle finger and smile -
14:29 - 14:32to all the engineers
that criticized the crap out of me. -
14:32 - 14:35(Applause)
-
14:39 - 14:42My experience also made me wonder
-
14:42 - 14:44how many game changing,
brilliant ideas out there -
14:44 - 14:48thought of by laypeople, teenagers,
store clerks, paleobiologists -
14:48 - 14:51have been squashed by experts that said:
-
14:51 - 14:52"That can't work."
-
14:52 - 14:54I know that if I weren't
as stubborn as I am -
14:54 - 14:56I would have chucked this
entire idea eight months ago. -
14:56 - 15:00Because I was told that
my idea was impossible. -
15:00 - 15:03But by thinking differently,
by thinking outside the box, -
15:03 - 15:08by thinking around corners
you can outthink the top thinkers. -
15:08 - 15:11They say that the most
revolutionary ideas in the world -
15:11 - 15:15were considered crazy up until the point
that they became revolutionary. -
15:15 - 15:18The world was flat.
-
15:18 - 15:20The Earth was at the center of the Universe.
-
15:20 - 15:25Electricity could never be tamed
and ultrasound can't charge your iPhone. -
15:25 - 15:28But that was then and this is the future.
-
15:28 - 15:31So dream out loud. Ask questions.
-
15:31 - 15:33Take risks. Never give up.
-
15:33 - 15:35Keep pushing and believe in yourself
-
15:35 - 15:37even when no one else does.
-
15:37 - 15:38Thank you.
-
15:38 - 15:41(Applause)
- Title:
- How to be a technology innovator: Meredith Perry at TEDxNashville
- Description:
-
Meredith Perry is the Founder and CEO of uBeam, a company that hopes to bring space age wireless charging technology to your cell phone and other wireless devices. But inventing turned out to be Meredith's passion, creating a device that won Penn's student invention competition and propelling her into the world of business and tech.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDxTalks
- Duration:
- 15:43
Judith Matz edited English subtitles for How to be a technology innovator: Meredith Perry at TEDxNashville | ||
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Judith Matz edited English subtitles for How to be a technology innovator: Meredith Perry at TEDxNashville | ||
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Ariana Bleau Lugo edited English subtitles for How to be a technology innovator: Meredith Perry at TEDxNashville | ||
Ariana Bleau Lugo edited English subtitles for How to be a technology innovator: Meredith Perry at TEDxNashville |
Judith Matz
Great subs! There was one word missing somewhere, and I changed the line breaks sometimes: If there's an article that was separated from the noun by a line break or a set phrase (like "a while back") that was split across lines, I moved them on the same line.
Happy new year! :)