Dopamine's Effects on Learning and Memory: Eric Marr at TEDxCCS
-
0:10 - 0:13Everyone has something
that motivates them. -
0:13 - 0:15For some people
it's money. -
0:15 - 0:17For some,
it may be recognition, -
0:17 - 0:20and others,
maybe chocolate. -
0:20 - 0:22If you're one
of my research animals, -
0:22 - 0:24it's the beloved Froot Loop.
-
0:24 - 0:27They absolutely love
these as treats. -
0:27 - 0:29They're easy for them
to put in their mouth, -
0:29 - 0:30and most importantly,
-
0:30 - 0:33they're packed with sugar.
-
0:33 - 0:36In our lab, we study
the brain chemical dopamine. -
0:37 - 0:39Dopamine is involved in movement,
-
0:39 - 0:42most notably implicated
in Parkinson's disease, -
0:42 - 0:45motivation and reward.
-
0:45 - 0:46We study dopamine
-
0:46 - 0:49in relation to learning
and memory tasks. -
0:49 - 0:51Our rats learn
to run in a maze, -
0:51 - 0:54and if they complete
the task correctly, -
0:54 - 0:57they receive
a food reward at the end. -
0:57 - 1:01We study and record
when dopamine is released -
1:01 - 1:03as the rats are completing
this task. -
1:03 - 1:07Look, he is even smiling!
(Laughter) -
1:07 - 1:10Dopamine helps activate
the learning centers in the brain. -
1:10 - 1:12So if dopamine is released
-
1:12 - 1:13as you're learning something,
-
1:13 - 1:17it will help you
remember that information -
1:17 - 1:19at a later date.
-
1:19 - 1:20For example,
-
1:20 - 1:23I had a chemistry professor
on the very first day of class, -
1:23 - 1:27do an intense reaction
with lots of flames and smoke. -
1:27 - 1:29He then explained
-
1:29 - 1:32how and why this chemical
reaction took place. -
1:32 - 1:34This reaction was done
-
1:34 - 1:36just using regular
tap water and sodium. -
1:37 - 1:39After he explained
how this reaction worked, -
1:39 - 1:41I'll never forget exactly
-
1:41 - 1:45how those electrons
are moved in that reaction. -
1:46 - 1:49It is likely that as this reaction
was taking place, -
1:49 - 1:52dopamine was being released
in my brain. -
1:52 - 1:54Of course, since I don't have
any of our lab's electrodes -
1:54 - 1:57placed in my brain,
we won't know for sure. -
1:57 - 2:00On the left
is a picture of the electrodes -
2:00 - 2:02we build in our lab.
-
2:02 - 2:05The electrode end consists
of a single strand of carbon fiber. -
2:05 - 2:10It's about one-tenth the diameter
of the strand of human hair. -
2:10 - 2:11We then implant these electrodes
-
2:11 - 2:13in freely moving animals,
-
2:13 - 2:16and record
when dopamine is released, -
2:16 - 2:19as they complete maze tasks.
-
2:21 - 2:22As you can see,
-
2:22 - 2:24the rat brain is very small.
-
2:24 - 2:25It's about the size of a nickel.
-
2:25 - 2:28And the area of the brain
that we're trying to reach, -
2:28 - 2:30is about the size of a pea.
-
2:30 - 2:32We implant these electrodes
in an area of the brain, -
2:32 - 2:38that's known to have
a high number of dopamine neurons. -
2:39 - 2:41One of my main hobbies
is photography. -
2:41 - 2:43So,
for the background of my talk, -
2:43 - 2:46I thought I would take you
all on a tour of my lab, -
2:46 - 2:48by way of my photography.
-
2:48 - 2:50These are just
a few of the things -
2:50 - 2:52we use in our lab
-
2:52 - 2:54to help us record dopamine.
-
2:56 - 3:00So what can we do
to increase dopamine in our brain? -
3:00 - 3:03Exercise, is a great way
to increase dopamine. -
3:03 - 3:06Exercise will increase
dopamine release in your brain, -
3:06 - 3:08as well as other neurochemicals,
-
3:08 - 3:09such as endorphins
-
3:09 - 3:11which are the brain's
natural painkillers. -
3:11 - 3:13Eating properly,
-
3:13 - 3:15is another great way
to increase dopamine. -
3:15 - 3:18Specifically,
eating foods rich in tyrosine, -
3:18 - 3:20which is a precursor to dopamine,
-
3:20 - 3:23will help, increase the available
dopamine in the brain. -
3:23 - 3:24Foods rich in tyrosine
-
3:24 - 3:26include things such as: Avocados,
-
3:26 - 3:28almonds and bananas.
-
3:29 - 3:32Another great way
to release dopamine, -
3:32 - 3:34is doing something
rewarding to you. -
3:34 - 3:35This can be something
-
3:35 - 3:37as easy as checking something
off your to-do list, -
3:37 - 3:40or perhaps volunteering
at a community center. -
3:40 - 3:42And of course,
-
3:42 - 3:45one of my personal favorite ways,
to increase dopamine, -
3:45 - 3:47is sex.
(Laughter) -
3:48 - 3:52Sex releases many beneficial
chemicals in the brain -
3:52 - 3:54in addition to dopamine,
-
3:54 - 3:55such as oxytocin,
-
3:55 - 3:57which is implicated
in human bonding. -
3:57 - 3:58Serotonin,
-
3:58 - 4:01which relates to happiness
and a feeling of well-being. -
4:02 - 4:03And norepinephrine,
-
4:03 - 4:05which increases alertness.
-
4:05 - 4:08So how can we use
this information? -
4:08 - 4:10Professors can develop
new and exciting ways, -
4:10 - 4:12to deliver information to students.
-
4:12 - 4:14It doesn't have
to be as exciting -
4:14 - 4:16as involving flames and explosions
-
4:16 - 4:18like my chemistry professor.
-
4:18 - 4:20It can be as simple as
-
4:20 - 4:22having students
do a hands-on experience, -
4:22 - 4:25or perhaps using
the students as props -
4:25 - 4:28to explain a difficult concept.
-
4:28 - 4:31Professors, get away
from the traditional monologue lectures. -
4:31 - 4:33It'll be more rewarding
for you, -
4:33 - 4:36and will stimulate the students
to promote long-term learning. -
4:36 - 4:39Let's get
those dopamine neurons firing. -
4:39 - 4:42Thank you.
(Applause)
- Title:
- Dopamine's Effects on Learning and Memory: Eric Marr at TEDxCCS
- Description:
-
In this talk, Eric Marr explains the benefits on memory of releasing dopamine when learning.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDxTalks
- Duration:
- 04:46
Tulio Leao edited English subtitles for Dopamine's Effects on Learning and Memory: Eric Marr at TEDxCCS | ||
Tulio Leao edited English subtitles for Dopamine's Effects on Learning and Memory: Eric Marr at TEDxCCS | ||
Tulio Leao approved English subtitles for Dopamine's Effects on Learning and Memory: Eric Marr at TEDxCCS | ||
Tulio Leao edited English subtitles for Dopamine's Effects on Learning and Memory: Eric Marr at TEDxCCS | ||
Tulio Leao commented on English subtitles for Dopamine's Effects on Learning and Memory: Eric Marr at TEDxCCS | ||
Tulio Leao edited English subtitles for Dopamine's Effects on Learning and Memory: Eric Marr at TEDxCCS | ||
Luiz Paulo De Moura accepted English subtitles for Dopamine's Effects on Learning and Memory: Eric Marr at TEDxCCS | ||
Mohand Habchi commented on English subtitles for Dopamine's Effects on Learning and Memory: Eric Marr at TEDxCCS |
Luiz Paulo De Moura
Hi,
The question marks in parenthesis were replaced by words. See if you agree.
In one of the last subtitles is possible that the word "for" was just a sort of 'coughing' or 'stuttering'.
Please take a look.
Nice job!
Mohand Habchi
Hi Luiz,
Yes, thanks for your revision. I have simply replaced "fruit loops" by "Froot Loops" at 0:22. See you soon on TED!
Tulio Leao
Corrected some minor mistakes.